Lager is a well attenuated beer brewed in cool conditions using a slow-acting brewers yeast, known as a bottom-fermenting yeast, and then stored (or "lagered") for a period in cool conditions to clear away particles and certain flavour compounds to produce a clean taste. The most popular examples of beer brewed using the lager method are pale lagers, also known as largers. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1029x1372, 312 KB) A lager beer in Víking glass (an Icelandic beer). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1029x1372, 312 KB) A lager beer in Víking glass (an Icelandic beer). ... A selection of bottled beers A selection of cask beers Beer is the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage, selling more than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) per year - producing total global revenues of $331. ... Binomial name Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of budding yeast. ... Binomial name Saccharomyces pastorianus Nguyen & Gaillardin ex. ... Pale lager is a family of very pale to golden coloured beers with well attentuated body and noble hop bitterness. ...

History

In the nineteenth century Bavarian brewers used to store their beer in cool places to mature it. They called the beer they obtained "Lagerbier", from the German lagern ("to store"). During the centuries Bavarian brewers developed a special kind of yeast in order to mature their cold-matured beer. The most apparent difference between ales and lagers is that lagers use bottom-fermenting yeast. As the name implies the yeast settles to the base of the fermentation vessel. However, the most common modern fermentation system is the cylindro-conical tank where the distinction between the different flotation characteristics of the yeasts becomes less clear. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... The entrance of a brewery. ... Typical divisions Ascomycota Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota Basidiomycotina (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. ... For other uses, see Ale (disambiguation). ...

In the period 1820-1830, a brewer named Gabriel Sedlmayr II the Younger, whose family was running the Spaten Brewery in Bavaria went around Europe to improve his brewing skills. When he returned, he used what he had learned to get a more stable and consistent lager beer. The Bavarian lager was still different from the widely-known modern lager; due to the hardness of Munich water it was quite dark. Spaten Brewery is a Munich brewery now owned by Spaten-Löwenbräu-Gruppe. ... The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ...

The new recipe of the improved lager beer spread quickly over Europe. In particular Sedlmayr's friend Anton Dreher used the new lagering technique to improve the Viennese beer in 1840–1841. The Viennese water enabled the use of lighter malts, giving the beer an amber-red rich colour. This article lacks information on the subject matters importance. ... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The new recipe reached Bohemia, too, and the technique was further improved. In 1842, in the town of Plzeň, a 29-year-old Bavarian brewer Josef Groll tried the new lagering recipe using a different malt with the local water, which was much softer than Munich or even Viennese water: the resultant beer had a very bright golden color. This new kind of beer, which became known as Pilsener or Pilsner, had a huge success and spread all over Europe. Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Josef Groll (born in Vilshofen on 21 August 1813, died in Vilshofen on 22 October 1887) was a Bavarian brewer, best known for his invention of Pilsener beer. ... Pilsener or pilsner is a pale lager, developed in the city of Plzeň (Pilsen in German/English), Western Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). ...

Pilsner

Pilsner is light in color and relatively high in carbonation, with a noble hop flavour and an alcohol content of around 4-5% by volume. Pilsner Urquell ("Original Pilsener") is the prototypical example of pilsner beer. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1647 KB) Summary A glass of German Pils. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1920x2560, 1647 KB) Summary A glass of German Pils. ... Pilsener or pilsner is a type of lager beer. ... Hop umbel in a Hallertau hopgarden Hops are a flower used primarily as a flavouring and stability agent in beer, as well as in herbal medicine. ... Alcohol by volume (ABV) is an indication of how much alcohol (expressed as a percentage) is included in an alcoholic beverage. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Most of today's pale lagers are based on Pilsner style beers. Pale lager is a family of very pale to golden coloured beers with well attentuated body and noble hop bitterness. ...

Etymology

The word "lager" stems from the German lagern ("to store"), and refers to the practice of storing beer at a cold temperature to allow the beer to self-filter. Typical filtered beer Filtered beer is beer which has been cleaned of significant contact with yeast. ...

Lagered beers run the gamut from sweet to bitter, and from pale to black. Most lagers are of pale to medium color, with high carbonation, medium to high hop flavor, and alcohol content of 3–5 percent by volume.

Brewing technique

"Lager" yeast, known as Saccharomyces pastorianus or Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, ferments at cool temperatures, and flocculates (forms a cloudy mass) on the bottom of the vat. Typical divisions Ascomycota Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota Basidiomycotina (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. ... Binomial name Saccharomyces pastorianus Nguyen & Gaillardin ex. ... Flocculation refers to a process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of floc or flakes. ...

"Lager" yeast is a bottom-fermenting yeast, and typically undergoes primary fermentation at 7-12°C (45-55°F) (the "fermentation phase"), and then is given a long secondary fermentation at 0-4°C (30-40°F) (the "lagering phase"). During the secondary stage, the lager clears and mellows. The cooler conditions also inhibit the natural production of esters and other byproducts, resulting in a "crisper" or "cleaner" tasting beer. Bottom-fermenting yeast, usually of the species saccharomyces uvarum (also known as saccharomyces carlsbergensis), is one of the two types of yeast used in the brewing of beer, so called because when the fermentation process is complete it settles to the bottom of the fermentation vessel. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ...

After fermentation, bottom fermented beers are then stored in refrigerated cellars for lagering (maturing and clarification). Quality "Lagers" are stored at a low temperature (as low as 0°C/32°F) for several weeks to several months, clearing, acquiring mellowness, and becoming charged with carbon dioxide. With modern improved fermentation control and less discerning customers, commercial lagers (especially for the British market) only receive short periods of cold storage, typically 1–3 weeks. Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...

Common varieties of lager

• Bock/Doppelbock
• Dortmund
• Dunkel, (dark in German) dark lager from Munich
• Helles (pale beer)
• Kellerbier
• Märzen/Oktoberfest
• Pilsner
• Schwarzbier
• Spezial
• Vienna lager

Paulaner Salvator Bock is a strong lager, which has origins in the Hanseatic town Einbeck, Germany. ... Dortmund is a pale German beer, usually with less hops and a stronger flavor than a pilsener. ... Dunkel (or dunkles) is a style of dark German lager beer. ... Munich (German: , pronounced  ) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: ). Munich is Germanys third largest city and one of Europes most prosperous and expensive. ... Helles is a Bavarian style beer, a type of lager, and the most popular beer in Munich. ... Kellerbier is a kind of beer that originated in Germany. ... Märzen is a traditional bottom fermented Austrian Lager based on the Schwechater Lagerbier developed in 1837 by Anton Dreher. ... Pilsener or pilsner is a type of lager beer. ... Schwarzbier, or black beer, is a German dark lager beer with an opaque, black color and a full, chocolatey flavor. ... Spezial is a stronger style of pale lager, mostly brewed in Southern Germany, but also found in Austria and Switzerland. ... Vienna lager is a style of lager beer. ...

Common brands of lager

• Alfa
• Alpine
• Amstel
• Bavaria
• Beck's
• Bluegirl Beer
• Brand Brewery
• Budweiser
• Carling
• Carlsberg
• Castle
• Castlemaine
• Cisk
• Corona
• Dommelsch
• Efes Pilsen
• Foster's
• Grolsch
• Harp
• Haywards
• Heineken
• Hertog Jan
• James Boag's
• Jupiler
• Killian's
• Kingfisher
• Konig
• Kronenbourg
• Labatt
• Molson
• Moosehead
• Miller High Life
• Primus
• Red Stripe
• Saku Originaal
• Samuel Adams
• Schaefer
• Stella Artois
• St Pauli Girl
• Super Bock
• Tekel Birasi
• Tennent's
• Tiger beer
• Tuborg
• Victoria
• Warsteiner
• XX Lager
• Yuengling
• Zhujiang

Alfa may mean: Alfa Romeo, an automobile Alfa, an Italian rocket Alfa, a title of respect among the Fula people The letter A in the NATO phonetic alphabet, spelt with an f for the benefit of native speakers of Spanish and other languages that do not spell the f phoneme... Alpine may refer to: Alpine, a breed of goat. ... Amstel Brewery in the Netherlands. ... Bavaria Beer Logo Bavaria is a Dutch brewery founded in 1719 by Laurentius Moorees in Lieshout, North Brabant. ... Becks is a brand of the brewery Brauerei Beck & Co KG in the north German city of Bremen. ... Brand Brewery is a beer brewery in Wijlre (municipality Gulpen-Wittem), Netherlands. ... Bud Light redirects here. ... For other uses, see Carling (disambiguation). ... Inside view of one of the Ny Carlsberg gates Inside view of the Ny Carlsberg elephant gate Outside view of one of the Ny Carlsberg gates View of Carlsberg from the 16th floor of Kongens Bryghus, Vesterbro, Copenhagen The Carlsberg headquarters Note: Carling beer is not produced by the Carlsberg... Castle lager is one of the oldest commercial beers in South Africa, named after the Castle Brewery where its made, founded by Charles Glass in Johannesburg in 1894. ... Castlemaine Perkins is a brewery located in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. ... Simonds Farsons Cisk is a brewery founded on Malta in 1928. ... A bottle of Corona Corona (labelled Corona Extra, but seldom referred to as such) is a lager beer brewed in Mexico by Grupo Modelo. ... Dommelsch is a brand of beer brewed in the Netherlands. ... Well-known Turkish beer company. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A beugel type bottle of Grolsch beer in its natural habitat Grolsch (in full Koninklijke Grolsch N.V. or Royal Grolsch N.V.) (Euronext: GROL) is a Dutch brewery best known for its pilsner which was originally brewed in Groenlo. ... Harp beer mat Harp Lager (Harp Irish Lager since 1997) is a pale lager brand owned by Diageo. ... Haywards (41° 8 60S, 174° 58 60E) is the location in New Zealand where the North Island static inverter plant of the HVDC Inter-Island is situated. ... Heineken (or Heineken Brouwerijen) is a Dutch beer brewer, established in 1863 when Gerard Adriaan Heineken purchased a brewery in Amsterdam. ... Hertog Jan (Duke Jan) is a brewery in the Netherlands. ... Jupiler is a Belgian beer (lager), brewed by Inbev, the largest brewery company in the world. ... Killians Irish Red is a lager brewed by Coors, and is currently widely available in the US. History Killians Irish Red is a traditional lager with an Irish heritage, based on the Killian familys recipe created for the Killians brewery in Enniscorthy, Ireland in 1864. ... United Beverages Group, based in Bangalore, is the worlds 2nd largest brewer and the largest in India. ... König Brauerei, is a German beer brewery in the west German city of Duisburg. ... Brasseries Kronenbourg is a French brewery founded in 1664 by Jérôme Hatt in Strasbourg. ... Labatt Brewing Company Ltd. ... Molson Canada is Canadas oldest brewery. ... Moosehead Breweries Limited, located in Saint John, New Brunswick, is Canada’s oldest independent brewery. ... Miller Brewing is a large American beermaker based in Milwaukee. ... Haacht is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. ... The Red Stripe logo This article refers to the beer. ... Samuel Adams is the brand name of American beers produced by the Boston Beer Company (NYSE: SAM) and named after Samuel Adams, a brewer[1] and patriot. ... Schaefer Beer is a brand of beer from the United States. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... // St. ... Super Bock Super Bock is a Portuguese brewery which produces a range of beers under the same name. ... Wellpark Brewery was founded in 1785 in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Tuborg is a Danish beer brewing company which was founded in 1873, focusing on the pilsner style for the Danish market during its early history. ... VB Stubbie A can of Victoria Bitter (VB) Victoria Bitter, or VB, as it is commonly called, has the highest market share of all beer sold in Australia, both on tap and packaged. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Warsteiner Beer and Brewery. ... Yuengling is a brand of beer sold by the Yuengling Brewing Company of Pottsville, Pennsylvania in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania It is the oldest brewer of beer in the United States, having been established in 1829. ... The Pearl River (珠江 Pinyin: Zhū Jiāng) is Chinas third largest river (2197 km, after Huang He and the Yangtze) located in the south, flowing into the South China Sea between Hong Kong and Macau. ...

References

Beer Portal

• Bamforth, Charles (2003). Beer: Tap into the Art and Science of Brewing, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-515479-7. 

Image File history File links Portal. ...

External Links

• Beeradvocate Beer Styles