NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Laghman province

This article is about the province in Afghanistan. For the Central Asian soup dish of the same name, please see Ramen. Fresh ramen noodles Ramen , IPA: , ) is a Japanese dish of noodles served in broth originating in China. ...

Laghman (Persian: لغمان) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern portion of Afghanistan, the capital is Mihtarlam. The province is composed of several districts including: Alingar, Alishing, Dawlat Shah, Mihtarlam, and Qarghayi. It is estimated that the population is approximately 285,680. ^[1] Image File history File links Afghanistan-Laghman. ... Subnational entity is a generic term for an administrative region within a country â€” on an arbitrary level below that of the sovereign state â€” typically with a local government encompassing multiple municipalities, counties, or provinces with a certain degree of autonomy in a varying number of matters. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Mehterlam district is located in the center of Laghman province and consists of the urban centre and 24 major villages (269 sub-villages). ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Minority Afghan group living throughout Afghanistan but mostly in Nooristan, Kabul, Badakhshan, Konar and Laghman. ... Pashto (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan. ... Dari (Persian: â€Ž ) is the official name for the Persian language in Afghanistan, popularly and locally known as Farsi. ... Persian (Local names: ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ FÃ¢rsi or Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ PÃ¢rsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Afghanistan consists of 34 provinces, or velayat: Badakhshan Badghis Baghlan Balkh Bamiyan Daikondi - established March 28, 2004 Farah Faryab Ghazni Ghowr Helmand Herat Jowzjan Kabul Kandahar Kapisa Khost Konar Kondoz Laghman Lowgar Nangarhar Nimruz Nurestan Oruzgan Paktia Paktika Panjshir - established April 13, 2004 Parvan Samangan Sar-e Pol Takhar Vardak...

History

During the invasions of Alexander the Great, the area was formerly known as Lampaka.^[2] In the seventh century, the famous Chinese traveller Hsuan Tsang, visited the area and reported that "very few" of the inhabitants of Laghman followed Buddhism, ^[3] while some followed Hinduism. ^[4] Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BCâ€“June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336â€“323 BC), was one of the most successful military commanders in history. ... Xuanzang, Dunhuang cave, 9th century. ... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion and a philosophy. ... Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

After the introduction of Islam into the region, the Ghaznavids, led by Abu Mansur Sebük Tigin, won one of their greatest battles in Laghman against the Hindu Shahis whose ruler, Jayapala, had amassed an army for the battle that numbered 100,000. ^[5] Later, during the Mughal period, Laghman was recognized as a dependent district of Kabul province. ^[6] Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... The Ghaznavid Empire was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 977 to 1186. ... Abu Mansur SebÃ¼k Tigin (Persian: â€Ž ) (ca 942 - August 997) is generally regarded by historians as the founder of the Ghaznavid Empire and dynasty in what is today Afghanistan and Pakistan, even though the Amir Sabuktigin was the son-in-law of Alptigin who actually seized Ghazni in a political... Laghman province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Coin of the Shahi king Spalapati Deva, circa 750-900. ... Jayapala Shahi, the son of Asatapala, succeeded the last Brahmin Hindu Shahi Bhima and thus began the start of the Janjua Rajput phase of Shahiya Dynasty. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ...

Located currently at the Kabul Museum, are Aramaic inscriptions that were found in Laghman which indicated an ancient trade route from India to Palmyra. ^[7] Aramaic was the bureacratic script language of the Achaemenids whose influence had extended toward Laghman. ^[8] The Kabul Museum is a museum in Kabul, Afghanistan. ... Aramaic is a Semitic language with a four-thousand year history. ... Aramaic is a Semitic language with a four-thousand year history. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon...

During the Soviet-Afghan war and the battles that followed between the rivaling warlords, many homes and business establishments in the province were destroyed. In addition, the Soviets employed a "barbarism" strategy that targeted and destroyed the agricultural infrastructure of Laghman. ^[9] The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

At the moment, 2007, there is a ISAF Provincial Reconstruction Team based at Mehtar Lam which is led by the US. A Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) is an administrative unit of international aid to Afghanistan, consisting of a small operating base from which a group of sixty to more than one hundred civilians and military specialists work to perform small reconstruction projects or provide security for others involved in aid work. ...

Politics

The governor of Laghman was Shah Mahmood Safi, until he was replaced by Gulab Mangal. The Taliban narrowly missed killing Mangal in a bomb attack in late 2006 [1]. Gulab Mangal is currently the Governor of Laghman Province in Afghanistan. ... Armed Taliban in pickup truck in Herat, July 2001. ...

On June 20, 2005, three Pakistanis were arrested in Laghman for plotting to kill the U.S. Ambassador, Zalmay Khalilzad while he was visiting the province for reconstruction efforts. The three men were found with various armaments. [2] Dr. Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad (Pashtu/Persian: â€Ž ) (born 22 March 1951) is the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq. ...

Economy

The Alingar and Alinshing rivers pass through Laghman, as the province is known for its lushness. Laghman has sizable amounts of irrigated land as one can find scores of fruits and vegetables from Laghman in Kabul, notably cucumbers. Other main crops in Laghman include rice, wheat and cotton as many people living in the area are involved in agricultural trade and business. For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ...

Laghman also has an array of precious stones and minerals,^[10] as it is well known for being a source of the Tourmaline and Spodumene gemstones which are found in the northern portions of the province.^[11] The tourmaline mineral group is chemically one of the most complicated groups of silicate minerals. ... Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate - LiAl(SiO3)2 - and is a source of lithium. ...

Demographics

Pashtuns constitute the main strata of the ethnic groups of Laghman, however Laghman is quite diverse. There are other groups as well, including the Nuristani and a Dardic group known as the Pashai. There are also sizeable numbers of Tajiks as the province is home to a mosaic of Afghanistan's ethnic groups.[3] The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ... The Nuristani are a religious/ethnic group in the Nurestan Province of Afghanistan. ... The Dards are an Indo-Aryan (the issue as to whether the Dardics are a subgroup of the Indo-Aryans or a separte Indo-European family is not yet settled) ethnic group living in Afghanistan, Pakistan and a few scattered villages in a remote region of Ladakh district, itself a... Minority Afghan group living throughout Afghanistan but mostly in Nooristan, Kabul, Badakhshan, Konar and Laghman. ... This article is about the Central Asian Persians known as Tajiks. ...

In her book, State and Tribe in Nineteenth Century Afghanistan Christine Noelle writes:

Noelle also specifies that Laghman was once dominated by Tajiks,^[13] however during the 15th and 16th century, larger migrations of the Ghilzai Pashtuns into the region increased the diversity of Laghman. Char Bagh is an area within the Laghman Province and is observable from the Jalalabad-Kabul Road. ... The Ghilzais (also known as Khiljis or Ghaljis) are one of two largest groups of Pashtuns, along with the Durrani tribe, found in Afghanistan with a large group also found in neighboring Pakistan. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion. ...

As with the case in many other parts of Afghanistan, the people of Laghman are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim with fluency in Persian (Dari) and Pashto being quite common. Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Fluency is the property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise. ... Dari (Persian: â€Ž ) is the official name for the Persian language in Afghanistan, popularly and locally known as Farsi. ... Pashto (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan. ...

Districts

Alingar District is located approximately 27 km from Mehtarlam, the provincial capital of Laghman. ... Alishing District is located in 21 km from Mehterlam, the provincial centre of Laghman, and borders Kabul Province. ... Dawlat Shah District is located approximately 74 km from Mehterlam, the provincial centre of Laghman. ... Mehterlam district is located in the center of Laghman province and consists of the urban centre and 24 major villages (269 sub-villages). ... Qarghayi District has 60 villages. ...

Notable People

Dr. Abdul Zahir (1910 - 1983) was an Afghan Prime Minister during the reign of King Zahir Shah. ... Ahmad Zahir (Persian: â€Ž ) (June 14, 1946 - June 14, 1979), was an Afghan singer, songwriter and composer. ... Zalmay Hewadmal is a prominent Pashto author from Laghman province, Afghanistan. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Hamid Karzai (Pashto: ØØ§Ù…Ø¯ Ú©Ø±Ø²ÙŠ, Persian: ØØ§Ù…Ø¯ Ú©Ø±Ø²ÛŒ) (b. ... Dr. Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad (Pashtu/Persian: â€Ž ) (born 22 March 1951) is the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq. ...

References

See also

Categories: Provinces of Afghanistan | Afghanistan geography stubs Excavation of prehistoric sites by Louis Dupree, the University of Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Institute and others suggests that early humans were living in what is now Afghanistan at least 50,000 years ago, and that farming communities in Afghanistan were among the earliest in the world. ... Nangarhar is a eastern Province of Afghanistan which borders Pakistan. ... Read Family Tree of Kakazai Pathan Tribe on Page 555 from Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India - Published 1907 :: Courtesy: The British Library :: Daulat Khel, Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel, Sub-divisions of Kakazai Pathan Tribe :: Courtesy: The British Library :: The Kakazai (see spelling variants below) are a... A Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) is an administrative unit of international aid to Afghanistan, consisting of a small operating base from which a group of sixty to more than one hundred civilians and military specialists work to perform small reconstruction projects or provide security for others involved in aid work. ... Afghanistan consists of 34 provinces, or velayat: Badakhshan Badghis Baghlan Balkh Bamiyan Daikondi - established March 28, 2004 Farah Faryab Ghazni Ghowr Helmand Herat Jowzjan Kabul Kandahar Kapisa Khost Konar Kondoz Laghman Lowgar Nangarhar Nimruz Nurestan Oruzgan Paktia Paktika Panjshir - established April 13, 2004 Parvan Samangan Sar-e Pol Takhar Vardak... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan. ... Badakhshan (Persian: Ø¨Ø¯ Ø®Ø´Ø§Ù†) is one of the provinces of Afghanistan, consisting of 29 districts. ... Badghis province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Categories: Afghanistan geography stubs | Provinces of Afghanistan ... Balkh is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Buddhas of Bamyan, which dated back to Pre-Islamic Afghanistan, were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001 calling them Un-Islamic. Photo by Hadi Zaheer Bamyan is one of the most beautiful and fertile valleys in Afghanistan. ... Daykundi (Persian: Ø¯Ø§ÛŒÚ©Ù†Ø¯ÛŒ, also spelt Daikondi, DÄykondÄ« or Daikundi) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Farah is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Categories: Stub | Provinces of Afghanistan ... Ghazni is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Ghowr (sometimes spelled Ghor) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Helmand (Balochi/Pashto: Ù‡Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø¯) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. ... Herat is a province of Afghanistan; together with Badghis, Farah, and Ghor provinces it makes up the western region of the country. ... Jowzjan province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Kabul is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Kandahar province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Kapisa is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Khost (Persian: Ø®ÙˆØ³Øª) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Kunar (also spelled Konar) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country and on the border with Pakistan. ... Kunduz is one of the provinces of Afghanistan, centered on the city of Kunduz in Afghanistan, with an area of 7,827 km square, and a population of about 583,000. ... Lowgar (Pashto: Ù„ÙˆÚ«Ø±) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Nangarhar province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Nimruz (Persian: Ù†ÛŒÙ…Ø±ÙˆØ²) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Nurestan (also spelled Nuristan or Nooristan) (Persian: Ù†ÙˆØ±Ø³ØªØ§Ù†) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Oruzgan is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Paktia (Pashto: Ù¾Ú©ØªÙŠØ§) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, in the east of the country. ... Paktika (Persian: Ù¾Ú©ØªÛŒÚ©Ø§) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Panjshir (literally Five Lions in Persian) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Parvan province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Samangan (Persian: Ø³Ù…Ù†Ú¯Ø§Ù†) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Sar-e Pol (Persian: Ø³Ø± Ù¾Ù„) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Takhar (Persian: ØªØ®Ø§Ø±) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Wardak (Persian: ÙˆØ±Ø¯Ú©, also spelt Vardak) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Zabul, Afghanistan is the only Afghan province in which the Taliban have named (in the post-U.S. invasion of Afghanistan era) their own governor and officials to rival those appointed by the government in Kabul. ...

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