Lahore لاہور
General Information
Country	Pakistan
Province	Punjab
Coordinates	31°32′59″N 74°20′37″E / 31.54972, 74.34361Coordinates: 31°32′59″N 74°20′37″E / 31.54972, 74.34361
Elevation	217 m (712 ft) AMSL
Area	1,772 km² (684 sq mi)
Calling code	042
Time zone	PST (UTC+5)
No. of Towns	9
Population	8,896,000 (2006)
Density	3,660/km² (9,479/sq mi)
Government
Nazim (Mayor)	Mian Amer Mehmood
Naib Nazim (Deputy Mayor)	Muhammad Idress Hanif
No. of Union Councils	150
Emblem
Website
Lahore Government Website

Lahore (help· info) (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced [lahor]) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. It is popularly known as the Heart of Pakistan, due to its historical importance in the creation of Pakistan, and also being a cultural, political and educational centre of the country. It is also often called the Gardens of the Mughals or the City of Gardens because of the heritage of the Mughal Empire. It is located near the Ravi River and Wagah, close to the Pakistan-India border. Image File history File links Minar_e_Pakistan_(Lahore). ... For other uses, see Country (disambiguation). ... Currently, Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two territories, and also portions of Kashmir that are administered by the Pakistani government. ... This article is about the Pakistani province. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... A telephone number is a sequence of decimal digits (0-9) that is used for identifying a destination telephone line in a telephone network. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Pakistan Standard Time (PST) is the time zone for Pakistan. ... UTC +5 is the timezone for : Pakistan Standard Time in Pakistan. ... A street in Ynysybwl, Wales, relatively stereotypical of a small town A town is usually an urban area which is not considered to rank as a city. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Nazim (Urdu: ناظم ) is the Coordinator of cities and towns in Pakistan. ... Union Council Union Council is a sub part of a district, usually it is a large village also including the nearby small villages. ... Image File history File links Lahore_Emblem. ... Image File history File links Lahore_pronunciation. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Shahmukhi (شاہ Ù…Ú©Ú¾ÛŒ) is a script used to record the Punjabi language. ...   (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... Flag Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai, Turkish; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605–1627 Jahangir  - 1628–1658 Shah Jahan  - 1659–1707 Aurangzeb History  - Established April 21, 1526  - Ended September 21, 1857... The Ravi River (Punjabi: , Urdu: ) is a river in India and Pakistan. ... Image of Indo-Pakistani border ceremony in Wagah from Michael Palins BBC TV series Himalaya. The Khaki-uniformed guards are Indian, while the green/black/grey-uniformed ones are Pakistani. ...

Much of Lahore's architecture from the Mughal and colonial eras has been preserved. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens and the mausoleums of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are popular tourist spots in the city. Colonial British structures such as the Lahore High Court, General Post Office (GPO) and many of the older universities still retain their Mughal-Gothic style. View from Minto Park The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu: بادشاھی مسجد), or the Emperors Mosque, was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. ... Alamgiri Gate - Main Entrance to Lahore Fort, with Hazuri Bagh Pavilion in foreground The Lahore Fort, locally referred to as Shahi Qila (شاہى قلعه) is the citadel of the city of Lahore, in modern day Pakistan. ... The Shalimar Gardens (Urdu: شالیمار باغ), sometimes written Shalamar Gardens, were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in Lahore, modern day Pakistan. ... Jahangirs mausoleum in Shahdara, Lahore Tomb of Jahangir, is the mausoleum built for the Mughal Emperor Jahangir who ruled from 1605 to 1627. ... Mughal empress Nur Jehan. ... The Lahore High Court is based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. ...

Punjabi is the native language of the province and is the most widely-spoken language in Lahore and rural areas. Urdu and English, however, are becoming more popular with younger generations since they are officially supported, whereas Punjabi has no official patronage. Many people of Lahore who speak Punjabi are known as Lahori Punjabi due to their use of a mixture of Punjabi and colloquial Urdu. According to the 1998 census, Lahore's population was nearly 7 million. Mid-2006 government estimates now put the population at approximately 10 million.^[1] This makes Lahore the fifth largest city in South Asia and the 23rd largest city in the world. “Punjabi” redirects here. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjābÄ« in ShāhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... This page lists the 101 largest metropolitan areas of the world by population. ...

History

Main article: History of Lahore

The known history of Lahore, a district of modern-day Pakistan, covers thousands of years. ...

Ancient Lahore

Lahori Gate, which opens to the most ancient districts of Lahore in the walled city known in old times as kacha kot

Ptolemy, the celebrated astronomer and geographer, mentions in his Geographia a city called Labokla situated on the route between the Indus River and Palibothra, or Pataliputra (Patna), in a tract of country called Kasperia (Kashmir), described as extending along the rivers Bidastes (Jhelum), Sandabal or Chandra Bhaga (Chenab), and Adris (Ravi). This city may be ancient Lahore. ^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article is about the geographer, mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy. ... The Geographia is Ptolemys main work besides the Almagest. ... The Indus River (Urdu: Sindh; Sindhi: Sindhu; Sanskrit and Hindi: सिन्धु ; Persian: حندو ; Pashto: ّآباسنFather of Rivers; Tibetan: Lion River; Chinese: Yìndù; Greek: Ινδός Indos) is the longest and most important river in Pakistan and one of the most important rivers on the Indian subcontinent and has given the country India its... For other uses, see Patna (disambiguation). ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Jhelum or Jehlum may mean: Jhelum River in India and Pakistan Jhelum City in Punjab, Pakistan Jhelum District in Punjab, Pakistan This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... The Chenab River rises in the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir and flows through the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and the Jech Doabs. ... Ravi may refer to: Ravi, a Hindu solar deity. ...

Another legend, based on oral traditions, states that Lahore was named after Lava, son of the Hindu god Rama, who supposedly founded the city. To this day, the Lahore Fort has a vacant temple dedicated to Lava (also pronounced Loh, hence "Loh-awar" or The Fort of Loh). Likewise, the Ravi River that flows through northern Lahore was named for the Hindu goddess Durga.^[2] Lava and his twin brother Kusha are the children of the Hindu God Rama and his wife Sita Devi, whose story is told in the Ramayana. ... Bhavna says there are 300 million gods in Hinduism. ... Rama ( in IAST, in Devanāgarī) or Ramachandra is a legendary or historical king of ancient India. ... The Ravi River (Punjabi: , Urdu: ) is a river in India and Pakistan. ... In Hinduism, Durga (Sanskrit: ) is a form of Devi, the supreme goddess. ...

The oldest authentic document about Lahore was written anonymously in 982 and is called Hudud-i-Alam^[3]. It was translated into English by Vladimir Fedorovich Minorsky and published in Lahore in 1927. In this document, Lahore is referred to as a small shahr (city) with "impressive temples, large markets and huge orchards." It refers to "two major markets around which dwellings exist," and it also mentions "the mud walls that enclose these two dwellings to make it one." The original document is currently held in the British Museum. ^[4]. Lahore was called by different names in history, and to date there is no evidence to suggest the actual time, when the city was made, some historians trace the history of the city as far as 4000 years ago.^[5]. Hudud ul-alam min al-mashriq ila al-maghrib (حدود العالم من المشرق الی المغرب) meaning The Limits of The World from The East to The West is an Arabic tenth century geography book written by an unknown author. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Vladimir Fedorovich Minorsky (Russian: ; February 5, 1877 - March 25, 1966) was a highly respected Russian Orientalist best known for his contributions to Persian history, geography, literature, and culture. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... The British Museum in London, England is a museum of human history and culture. ...

Early Muslim era

Mahmud and Ayaz
Sultan Mahmud is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. The figure to his right is Shah Abbas I, who reigned about 600 years later.
Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, Tehran

Few references to Lahore exist for times before its capture by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in the eleventh century. In 1021, Mahmud appointed Malik Ayaz to the throne and made Lahore the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x740, 588 KB) Summary The Sultan (in red robe) is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz (in green robe) standing behind him. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x740, 588 KB) Summary The Sultan (in red robe) is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz (in green robe) standing behind him. ... Shah Abbas I (شاه عباس اول) (January 27, 1571?-January 19, 1629?) was the most eminent ruler of the Safavid Dynasty. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... The Ghaznavid Empire (سلسله غزنویان in Persian) was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. ...

The sultan took Lahore after a long siege and battle in which the city was torched and depopulated. As the first Muslim ruler of Lahore, Ayaz rebuilt and repopulated the city. He added many important features, such as city gates and a masonry fort, built in 1037-1040 on the ruins of the previous one, which had been demolished in the fighting (as recorded by Munshi Sujan Rae Bhandari, author of the Khulasatut Tawarikh in 1695-96).^{[citation needed]} The present Lahore Fort stands in the same location. Under his rule, the city became a cultural and academic center, renowned for poetry. The tomb of Malik Ayaz can still be seen in the Rang Mahal commercial area of town.

After the fall of the Ghaznavid Empire, Lahore was ruled by various Muslim dynasties known as the Delhi Sultanate, including the Khiljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyid, Lodhis and Suris.^[6] When Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aybak was crowned here in 1206, he became the first Muslim sultan of the Indian subcontinent^{[citation needed]}. It was not until 1524 that Lahore became part of the Mughal Empire. The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنتِ ہند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنتِ دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... The Khilji or Khalji were a dynasty of Indian rulers. ... The Tughlaq Dynasty (Persian: سلطنت تغلق) of north India started in 1321 in Delhi when Ghazi Tughlaq assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. ... rulers of Indias Delhi sultanate (c. ... The Lodi Dynasty ( 1451 to 1526), was the last phase of the Delhi Sultanate. ... The Sur dynasty was an Afghan family, founded by Sher Shah after his defeat of Humayun in 1539, ruled in the north of India between 1540 and 1556. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak was a ruler of Medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... For other uses, see Sultan (disambiguation). ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Flag Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai, Turkish; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605–1627 Jahangir  - 1628–1658 Shah Jahan  - 1659–1707 Aurangzeb History  - Established April 21, 1526  - Ended September 21, 1857...

Mughal era

Roshnai Gate - Original gate built by Mughal emperor Akbar.

Badshahi Masjid

Lahore reached a peak of architectural glory during the rule of the Mughals, whose buildings and gardens survived the hazards of time. Lahore's reputation for beauty fascinated the English poet John Milton, who wrote "Agra and Lahore, the Seat of Great Mughal" in 1670^[7]. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 252 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Lahore Fort ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 252 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Lahore Fort ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2270x1514, 427 KB) Summary A 4 Megapixel picture of Badshahi Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2270x1514, 427 KB) Summary A 4 Megapixel picture of Badshahi Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan. ... View from Minto Park The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاەى مسجد), or the Emperors Mosque, was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... For other persons named John Milton, see John Milton (disambiguation). ...

From 1524 to 1752, Lahore was part of the Mughal Empire, and from 1584 to 1598, during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar, the city served as its capital. During this time, the massive infamous Lahore Fort was built. A few buildings within the fort were added by Akbar's son, Mughal emperor Jahangir, who is buried in the city. Jahangir's son, Shah Jahan, was born in Lahore. He, like his father, extended the Lahore Fort and built many other structures in the city, including the Shalimar Gardens. The last of the great Mughals, Aurangzeb, who ruled from 1658 to 1707, built the city's most famous monuments, the Badshahi Masjid and the Alamgiri Gate next to the Lahore Fort. This area attracts many tourists and is used by the government for public speeches and social events. Flag Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai, Turkish; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605–1627 Jahangir  - 1628–1658 Shah Jahan  - 1659–1707 Aurangzeb History  - Established April 21, 1526  - Ended September 21, 1857... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Alamgiri Gate - Main Entrance to Lahore Fort, with Hazuri Bagh Pavilion in foreground The Lahore Fort, locally referred to as Shahi Qila (شاہى قلعه) is the citadel of the city of Lahore, in modern day Pakistan. ... n ... Jahangirs mausoleum in Shahdara, Lahore Tomb of Jahangir, is the mausoleum built for the Mughal Emperor Jahangir who ruled from 1605 to 1627. ... Shahabuddin Mohammed Shah Jahan (also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan. ... The Shalimar Gardens (Urdu: شالیمار باغ), sometimes written Shalamar Gardens, were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in Lahore, modern day Pakistan. ... Aurangzeb (Persian: (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abdul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I, Padshah Ghazi) (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), also known by his chosen Imperial title Alamgir I (Conqueror of the Universe) (Persian: ), was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from... View from Minto Park The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاەى مسجد), or the Emperors Mosque, was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. ... Alamgiri Gate as depicted on the reverse of a 50 Rupee Banknote The Alamgiri Gate (عالمگيرى داروازا)is the main entrance to the Lahore Fort in present day Pakistan. ... Alamgiri Gate - Main Entrance to Lahore Fort, with Hazuri Bagh Pavilion in foreground The Lahore Fort, locally referred to as Shahi Qila (شاہى قلعه) is the citadel of the city of Lahore, in modern day Pakistan. ...

Sikh Rule

Mausoleum of Ranjit Singh

During the 18th century, as Mughal power dwindled, Lahore was often invaded. The city was a suba, a province of the Afghan Empire, governed by provincial rulers with their own court. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 221 KB) This is the picture of the mausoleum of Ranjit Singh or the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 221 KB) This is the picture of the mausoleum of Ranjit Singh or the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... The Durrani Empire was a larger state that included modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, parts of eastern Iran and western India. ...

The 1740s were years of chaos, and the city had nine different governors between 1745 and 1756. Invasions and chaos in local government allowed bands of warring Sikhs to gain control in some areas. In 1799, all Sikh Misls (warring bands) joined into one to form a sovereign Sikh state ruled by Maharaja Ranjit Singh from the royal capital, Lahore^[8]. Misl refers to a fighting clan. ... Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjabi: ), also called Sher-e-Punjab (The Lion of the Punjab) (1780-1839) was a Sikh ruler of the Punjab. ...

British rule

Map of Lahore 1893

The second and final Anglo-Sikh war brought Lahore under the rule of the British crown. During their reign (1849-1947), British construction in Lahore combined Mughal, Gothic and Victorian styles. The GPO and YMCA buildings in Lahore commemorated the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria, an event marked by the construction of clock towers and monuments all over India. Other important British buildings included the High Court, the Government College University, the museums, the National College of Arts, Montgomery Hall, Tollinton Market, the University of the Punjab (Old Campus) and the Provincial Assembly. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1273x937, 205 KB) Map of Lahore (1893) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1273x937, 205 KB) Map of Lahore (1893) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... There have been two Anglo-Sikh wars: The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846) The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1858-1901 Victoria¹  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy²  - 1858... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin San Sebastian Church in Manila, Philippines made entirely of steel. ... Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The Carson Mansion is an example of a Victorian home in Eureka, California, USA The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... GCU Clock Tower Government College University, Lahore is a co-educational public university located on The Mall in Lahore, Pakistan. ... Lahore Museum, established in 1894, when Lahore (currently a part of Pakistan) was a part of Undivided India, is a major museum of the Indian subcontinent. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... University of the Punjab (abbreviated as PU) (Urdu: جامعه پنجاب), colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. ...

At one end of The Mall stands the university, perhaps the largest center of education in Asia.^{[citation needed]} The city has built a new campus in quieter environments on the Canal Bank, but the old university buildings are still functioning. The Mall in Lahore, Pakistan (also known as Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam), is one of the citys main roads, and, along with the Grand Trunk Road, one of its most famous as well. ...

For the sake of entertainment, the British introduced horse-racing to Lahore. The first racing club, established in 1924, is called LRC or Lahore Race Club. Lahore Race Club was established in 1924. ...

Role in independence

Minar-e-Pakistan, where the Pakistan Resolution was passed

Lahore enjoys a special position in the history of India's freedom-struggle. The 1929 Congress session was held at Lahore. In this Congress, a resolution of "complete independence" was moved by Pandit Nehru and passed unanimously at midnight on 31 December 1929.^[9] On this occasion, the contemporary tricolour of India (with a chakra at its centre) was hoisted as a national flag, and thousands of people saluted it. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 188 KB) Image Info: Description: A panoramic view of the Minar-e-Pakistan, taken from the Lahore Fort. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1712, 188 KB) Image Info: Description: A panoramic view of the Minar-e-Pakistan, taken from the Lahore Fort. ... The Minar-e-Pakistan, south view (click for hi-res image) . Minar-e-Pakistan, east view The Minar-e-Pakistan is a tall structure of concrete that was built in Iqbal Park in Lahore, Pakistan. ... Pakistan Resolution was passed by the All India Muslim League on March 24, 1940 in Lahore. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू) (November 14, 1889 - May 27, 1964), also called Pandit (Teacher) Nehru, was the leader of the (moderately) socialist wing of the Indian National Congress during and after Indias struggle for independence from the British... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Indian National Flag Flag ratio: 2:3 The National Flag of India was adopted in its present form during an ad hoc meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on the 22 July 1947, a few days before Indias independence from the British on 15 August, 1947. ... For the Naruto jutsu, see Chakra (Naruto). ...

Lahore prison was a place to detain revolutionary freedom fighters. Noted freedom fighter Jatin Das died in Lahore prison after fasting for 63 days in protest of British treatment of political prisoners. One of the greatest martyrs in the history of Indian independence, Shaheed Sardar Bhagat Singh, was hanged in Lahore Jail^[10].^{[citation needed]} Jatindra Nath Das (also known as Jatin Das) (27 October 1904 - 13 September 1929) was an Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary. ... Bhagat Singh (Punjabi,Gurmukhi: ਭਗਤ ਸਿੰਘ) (Urdu-Shahmukhi: ) (September 27,[1] 1907–March 23, 1931) was an Indian freedom fighter, considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. ...

The most important session of the All India Muslim League, later the Pakistan Muslim League, the premier party fighting for Indian independence and the creation of Pakistan, was held in Lahore in 1940.^[11] Muslims under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam demanded a separate homeland for Muslims of India in a document known as the Pakistan Resolution or the Lahore Resolution. During this session, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the league, publicly proposed the Two Nation Theory for the first time. Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India was the driving force behind the creation of a Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent. ... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... Minar-e-Pakistan, where Pakistan Resolution was passed The Lahore Resolution, commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution,[1] was the National documentation and a formal political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League at the occasion of its three-day general session on 22-24 March 1940 that called... Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Urdu:  ) (December 25, 1876 – September 11, 1948) was a Muslim politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan and served as its first Governor-General. ... Two-Nation theory is the basis of creation of todays Pakistan. ...

Modern history

Lahore is regarded as the heart of Pakistan and was known as the Paris of the East before the riots of 1947. ^{[citation needed]} Among all cities of India, Lahore suffered the greatest loss due to the Partition of Punjab in 1947. This article is under construction. ...

At independence, Lahore was made capital of Punjab province in the new state of Pakistan. After 1947, Lahore was affected by large-scale riots among Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs that led to huge structural damage to historic monuments such as the Lahore Fort, Badshahi mosque and other colonial buildings^[12]. This article is about the Pakistani province. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Alamgiri Gate - Main Entrance to Lahore Fort, with Hazuri Bagh Pavilion in foreground The Lahore Fort, locally referred to as Shahi Qila (شاہى قلعه) is the citadel of the city of Lahore, in modern day Pakistan. ... View from Minto Park The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu: بادشاھی مسجد), or the Emperors Mosque, was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. ...

With United Nations assistance, the government was able to re-build Lahore. The second Islamic Summit Conference was held in the city^[13]. In 1996 the ICC Cricket World Cup final match was held at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, and Lahore along with Colombo is to host the semi finals of the 2011 Cricket World Cup.^[14]. The flag of the Organ of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Membership in the OIC:  Member Members once temporarily suspended Withdrew Observer Attempted to join but blocked OIC redirects here. ... ICC may refer to: // ICC Bank, Ireland ICC Productions, hip-hop record label International Chamber of Commerce, supporting global trade and globalisation Internet Chess Club, a commercial Internet site on which to play chess International Christian Communications Media Group International Code Council Membership association dedicated to building safety and fire... The 1996 Cricket World Cup was won by Sri Lanka who beat Australia by 7 wickets at the final in Lahore. ... Gaddafi Stadium is a Test cricket ground in Lahore, Pakistan. ... Map of Colombo with its administrative districts Coordinates: , District Colombo District Government  - Mayor Uvaiz Mohammad Imitiyaz (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) Area  - City 37. ... The 2011 Cricket World Cup will be the tenth time this tournament has been held, and will be held in the four Asian Test cricket playing countries Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. ...

Geography and climate

Lying between 31°15′ and 31°45′ North latitude and 74°01′ and 74°39′ East longitude, Lahore is bounded on the north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by Wagah, and on the south by Kasur District. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. Lahore city covers a total land area of 404 km² and is still growing. Sheikhupura District is one of the districts in the province of Punjab , Pakistan. ... Image of Indo-Pakistani border ceremony in Wagah from Michael Palins BBC TV series Himalaya. The Khaki-uniformed guards are Indian, while the green/black/grey-uniformed ones are Pakistani. ... Kasur District is one of the districts in the province of ( Punjab , Pakistan. ... The Ravi River (Punjabi: , Urdu: ) is a river in India and Pakistan. ...

The weather of Lahore is extreme during the months of May, June, and July, when the temperatures soar to 40–45 °C. In August, the monsoon seasons starts, with heavy rainfall throughout the province. December, January, and February are the coldest months, when temperatures can drop to -1 °C.^{[citation needed]}

The city’s highest maximum temperature was 48 °C, recorded on June 6, 1921, and again on June 9, 2007.^[15] At the time the meteorological office recorded this official temperature in the shade, it reported a heat index in direct sunlight of 55 °C.^{[citation needed]} is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Government

The City-District of Lahore comprises nine administrative towns and one separate military cantonment, but Lahore also has some historic neighbourhoods.

Shad Bagh is a prominent area of northern Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan. ... Gawalmandi is an old area in the central part of Lahore, which is famous for its cultural and entertainment reasons in the country. ... The term township is used to denote a lower level territorial subdivision. ... Shahdara Bagh, Lahore is a suburb of Lahore. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Krishan Nagar is part of Islampura neighborhood of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. ... Model of Walled City of Lahore (19th Century) The Walled City of Lahore, also known as the Old City, or Anderoon Shehr (اندرون شهر), is the section of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan that was fortified by a city wall during the Mughal era. ...

Demographics

According to the 1998 census, Lahore's population was nearly 6.8 million. Mid-2006 government estimates put the population at somewhere around 10 million, which makes it the second largest city in Pakistan, after Karachi.^[16] It is considered to be one of the 30 largest cities of the world. Also according to the 1998 census, 86.2%, or 6,896,000 of the population are Punjabis and 10.2% or 816,000 are Muhajir. More than a million Pashtun live in Lahore, the vast majority of whom are settling. Finally, the Seraikis at 0.4% number about 32,000^[17]. Figures are unavailable for the many Afghan refugees and migrants from Iran who have permanently settled in Lahore but were not included in the census.   (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... This page lists the 101 largest metropolitan areas of the world by population. ... The Punjabi people (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, پنجابی, also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. ... Muhajir or Mohajir (Arabic: مهاجر) is an Arabic word meaning refugee or immigrant or emigrant. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... The Seraikis (also spelt as Saraikis) are a people in the southern areas of Pakistani Punjab. ... The Muhajir or Mohajir Afghans are the Afghan refugees that fled Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion in 1979. ...

Many languages are spoken in Lahore, including Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, and English. According to the 1998 census, 96% of Lahore's population is Muslim. Other religions include Christians and a small number of Bahais, Hindus, Parsis, and Sikhs.^{[citation needed]} “Punjabi” redirects here. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Pashto (پښتو; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... Known in India as the Lotus Temple, the Bahai House of Worship attracts an average of three and a half million visitors a year. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... a person from Pars (the middle-Persian word for Fars), a region now within the geographical boundaries of Iran, and is roughly the original homeland of the Persian people. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ...

Cityscape

Architecture

Diwan-e-Aam: Hall of Public Audience (arched vault and ceiling not original)

Main Boulevard passes through the district of Gulberg

The architecture of Lahore reflects the history of the city and is remarkable for its unique variety. Structures remain from ancient Mughal times, while other buildings reflect the tastes of the British Raj, the mixed Victorian and Islamic style of which is often referred to as Mughal Gothic.^{[citation needed]} Lahore also has buildings of modern design. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 281 KB) Summary Picture by Kaiser Tufail, 25 Sep 2006 airknight_kt@yahoo. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 281 KB) Summary Picture by Kaiser Tufail, 25 Sep 2006 airknight_kt@yahoo. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x679, 209 KB) Summary Public domain image. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x679, 209 KB) Summary Public domain image. ... The Architecture of Lahore reflects the history of Lahore and is remarkable for its variety and uniqueness. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1858-1901 Victoria¹  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy²  - 1858... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ...

Public space

Shopping

Lahore's tech bazaars include the Hall Road Electronics market adjacent to the Mall Road and the Hafeez Centre located on the Gulberg Main Boulevard. Pace, a shopping centre once thought to be owned by Imran Khan, is also located on the Main Boulevard beside the Hafeez Centre. Other well-known and popular shopping areas are the Liberty Market in Gulberg and at the Fortress Stadium, as well as malls in Gulberg, Model Town, MM Alam Road, and Cantonment. Apart from these, shopping areas are being developed in many of Lahore's new suburbs such as Bahria, Lake City, and Cantonment. For the cricketer of the same name from the West Indies, see Imran Khan (Trinidad and Tobago cricketer). ... Gulberg is one of the residential/commercial areas of Lahore. ... The Fortress Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Smederevo, Serbia. ...

For traditional shopping, the Anarkali and Ichhra bazaars are the most popular of many in the city.^{[citation needed]} The alleys and lanes of these bazaars are full of traditional wares like leather articles, embroidered garments, glass bangles, beaten gold and silver jewelry, and creations in silk. Anarkali is named after the famous courtesan of Akbar’s time, Anarkali (Pomegranate Blossom). The grave of Sultan Qutbuddin Aibak, who died falling off his horse while playing polo, is located in Anarkali on Aibak Road. Mahmud Ghaznavi's general, Malik Ayaz, lies buried in the commercial area of Rang Mahal.^{[citation needed]}. Rang Mahal is part of old Lahore and todays houses a largest wholesale and retail cloth markets in Punjab. Anarkali Bazar is a famous and popular market in Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. ... Ichhra (also called the Heart of Lahore) is a commercial and residencial locality in Lahore, Pakistan. ... A bazaar is a market, often covered, typically found in areas of Muslim culture. ... Imaginary painting of AnārkalÄ« by renowned artist Abdul Rehman Chughtai Anarkali (Urdu: اناركلى; Hindi: अनारकली; anārkalÄ«) (pomegranate blossom) is a bazār (market) located on Mall Road in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Qutb-ud-din Aybak (Persian: قطب الدین ایبک) was a ruler of medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi and founder of the Slave dynasty (also known as the Mamluk dynasty). ... Mahmud of Ghazni (971-April 30, 1030), also know as Yamin ul-Dawlah Mahmud (in full: Yamin ul-Dawlah Abd ul-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Sebük Tigin) was the ruler of Ghazni from 997 until his death. ... Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ... Look up Punjab in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Restaurants and cafés

View of Food Street in Lahore

Lahoris are known for their love of food and eating.^{[citation needed]} While Lahore has a great many traditional and modern restaurants, in recent years Western fast food chains, such as McDonald's,