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Encyclopedia > Lake Erie Basin

Lake Erie Basin is part of the Great Lakes Basin and St. Lawrence River watershed
Lake Erie Basin is part of the Great Lakes Basin and St. Lawrence River watershed
Another perspective on Lake Erie Basin's situation within the Great Lakes Basin
Another perspective on Lake Erie Basin's situation within the Great Lakes Basin

Lake Erie Basin consists of Lake Erie and surrounding watersheds, which are typically named after the river, creek, or stream that provides drainage into the lake. The watersheds are located in the states of Indiana, Michigan, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania in the United States, and in the Province of Ontario in Canada. The basin is part of the Great Lakes Basin and Saint Lawrence River Watershed, which feeds into the Atlantic Ocean. 80% of the lake's water flows in from the Detroit River, with only 9% coming from all of the remaining watersheds combined. (The remainder (11%) is derived from direct precipitation into the lake.) A littoral zone serves as the interface between land and lake, being that portion of the basin where the lake is less than 15 feet in depth. [1] Image File history File links Grlakes_lawrence_map. ... Image File history File links Grlakes_lawrence_map. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (blue outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (green lines) of a contiguous area. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area  Ranked 38th  - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 270 miles (435 km)  - % water 1. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... “NY” redirects here. ... Official language(s) None Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th)  - Land 917,741 km²  - Water 158,654 km² (14. ... TheSaint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large west-to-east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... A littoral is the region near the shoreline of a body of fresh or salt water. ...

Contents

History

The Wisconsin glaciation formed the Great Lakes basin
The Wisconsin glaciation formed the Great Lakes basin

The Lake Erie Basin was formed at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. The basin was part of Glacial Lake Maumee until an eastern drainage opened at Niagara, at which point the Maumee River Watershed reversed its flow eastward. The Great Black Swamp is thought to be a remnant of the glacial lake. The Wisconsin (in North America), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland), Würm (in the Alps), and Weichsel (in northern central Europe) glaciations are the most recent glaciations of the Pleistocene epoch, which ended around 10,000 BCE. The general glacial advance began about 70,000 BCE, and... Glacial Lake Maumee was a proglacial lake that was an ancestor of present-day Lake Erie. ... Stream capture is a geological or hydrological phenomenon which occurs when a stream from a neighboring drainage system erodes through the divide between two streams and captures another stream which then is diverted from its former bed and now flows down the bed of the capturing stream. ... The Great Black Swamp roughly covered the black area within the green shaded counties. ...


Geography

Indiana

Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. ... Allen County is the largest county (by area) located in the U.S. state of Indiana. ... DeKalb County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. ... Noble County is a county located in the state of Indiana. ... Steuben County is a county located in the state of Indiana. ... Wells County is a county located in the state of Indiana. ... The Maumee River at Grand Rapids, Ohio. ... The St. ...

Michigan

Detroit River
Detroit River

Michigan's drainage basin consists of 5,808 square miles. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 596 pixelsFull resolution (2551 × 1901 pixel, file size: 551 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)self made Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 596 pixelsFull resolution (2551 × 1901 pixel, file size: 551 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)self made Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

Lapeer County is a county located in the state of Michigan. ... Macomb County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Oakland County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... St. ... The Belle River is a river in the U.S. state of Michigan, flowing into the St. ... The Clinton River is a stream in the southeast of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... The north branch at Council Point Park in Lincoln Park The Ecorse River is a minor river in southern Michigan. ... The River Rouge, also known as the Rouge River, is a river in the Metro Detroit area of southeastern Michigan. ... Livingston County is a county located in the state of Michigan. ... Monroe County is a county located in the state of Michigan. ... Washtenaw County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... The Huron River is the name of three different rivers in Michigan. ... Two rivers are called Portage River in the USA: Portage River (St. ... There are nine rivers with the name Pine River in the U.S. state of Michigan: Pine River (Alcona/Iosco Counties) Pine River (Arenac County) Pine River (Charlevoix County) Pine River (Chippewa/Mackinac Counties) Pine River (Dickenson County) Pine River (Lake/Manistee/Osceola/Wexford Counties), also called South Branch of... Boats on the River Raisin just downstream from Monroe, Michigan The River Raisin is a river in southeastern Michigan, United States that flows through glacial sediments into Lake Erie. ... The Tiffin River is a tributary of the Maumee River, approximately 75 mi (121 km) long, in southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio in the United States. ...

New York

Mouth of Cattaraugus Creek where it enters Lake Erie
Mouth of Cattaraugus Creek where it enters Lake Erie

New York's drainage basin covers 2,300 square miles.

Erie County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Genesee County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Wyoming County is a county located in the state of New York. ... The Buffalo River is a river that empties into the eastern end of Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, by the City of Buffalo in the United States of America. ... Cayuga Creek is a small river in Western New York, USA. The creek enters the Buffalo Creek in the northwest corner of the Town of West Seneca. ... Cazenovia Creek is a small river in Western New York, USA. The creek is named after Theophilus Cazenove, an agent of the Holland Land Company. ... Chautauqua County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Cattaraugus Creek is a stream, approximately 68 miles long, in western New York in the United States. ...

Ohio

Cleveland's 5 Mile water crib provides fresh water to the city from Lake Erie
Cleveland's 5 Mile water crib provides fresh water to the city from Lake Erie
Mouth of Conneaut Creek where it empties into Lake Erie
Mouth of Conneaut Creek where it empties into Lake Erie

Image File history File links Cleveland-crib. ... Image File history File links Cleveland-crib. ... Ashtabula County is the northeasternmost county in the state of Ohio. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Geauga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Lake County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Portage County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Ashtabula River is a river located northeast of Cleveland in Ohio. ... The Chagrin River in located in northeast Ohio. ... Allen County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Auglaize County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Defiance County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Mercer County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Paulding County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... It has been suggested that Putnam County Fair be merged into this article or section. ... Van Wert County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Auglaize River is a tributary of the Maumee River, approximately 100 mi (161 km) long, in northwestern Ohio in the United States. ... Ashland County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States, and was formed in 1846 from parts of Huron, Lorain, Richland and Wayne Counties. ... Huron County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Lorain County is a county located in the northeastern region state of Ohio, United States, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland. ... Medina County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Black River is a tributary of Lake Erie, about 12 mi (19 km) long, in northern Ohio in the United States. ... The Rocky River (Ohio) is a relatively short river that forms the western boundaries of the cities of Cleveland and Lakewood, Ohio. ... Hancock County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Hardin County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Wyandot County is located in the state of Ohio. ... The Blanchard River is a tributary of the Auglaize River, approximately 95 mi (153 km) long, in northwestern Ohio in the United States. ... Lucas County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Ottawa County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Sandusky County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Demographics As of the census2 of 2000, there are 121,065 people, 45,172 households, and 29,678 families residing in the county. ... Approximately 60 miles (100 km) in length, the Portage River and its tributaries, the Middle Branch and North Branch, meanders across Ottawa, Sandusky, and Wood counties in northwest Ohio before it empties into Lake Erie near Port Clinton. ... Mouth of Conneaut Creek on Lake Erie at Conneaut, Ohio Conneaut Creek (pronounced KAH-nee-aht) is a tributary of Lake Erie, about 50 mi (80 km) long, in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio in the United States. ... Summit County is a urban county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... Trumbull County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... The Grand River is a tributary of Lake Erie, 102. ... Erie County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Huron River may refer to Huron River in the southeast of the U.S. state of Michigan Huron River in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan Huron River in the U.S. state of Ohio This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might... The Vermilion River is the name of several rivers: In the U.S. Vermilion River in Illinois and Indiana Vermilion River in Louisiana Vermilion River in Montana Vermilion River in Ohio Vermilion River in Minnesota There are also several Vermilion Rivers in Canada: two Vermilion Rivers in Ontario Vermilion River... Henry County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Williams County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Maumee River at Grand Rapids, Ohio. ... The Tiffin River is a tributary of the Maumee River, approximately 75 mi (121 km) long, in southeastern Michigan and northwestern Ohio in the United States. ... Crawford County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Marion County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Richland County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Seneca County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Sandusky River is a tributary to Lake Erie in north-central Ohio in the United States. ...

Pennsylvania

Mouth of Duck Run Erie Bluffs State Park
Mouth of Duck Run Erie Bluffs State Park

Erie County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... The Ashtabula River is a river located northeast of Cleveland in Ohio. ... Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. ... Mouth of Conneaut Creek on Lake Erie at Conneaut, Ohio Conneaut Creek (pronounced KAH-nee-aht) is a tributary of Lake Erie, about 50 mi (80 km) long, in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio in the United States. ...

Ontario

Landsat photo shows Lake St. Clair, with the Detroit River connecting southward to Lake Erie and the St. Clair River connecting northward to Lake Huron
Landsat photo shows Lake St. Clair, with the Detroit River connecting southward to Lake Erie and the St. Clair River connecting northward to Lake Huron
Map of Grand River
Map of Grand River

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (684x851, 174 KB) Summary Lake St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (684x851, 174 KB) Summary Lake St. ... The Avon River is a river in Perth County, Ontario, Canada. ... Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... This article is about Lake St. ... Landsat satellite photo, showing Lake Saint Clair, as well as St. ... The Sydenham River is a river in Kent County and Middlesex County in southwestern Ontario, Canada flows southwest from its source west of London, Ontario and empties into Lake Saint Clair. ... The Thames River is located in southwestern Ontario, Canada. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (514x705, 10 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (514x705, 10 KB) Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Grand River Ontario This article is about the Grand River in Southern Ontario, Canada. ... The Conestogo River is a river in Waterloo Region in Western Ontario. ... The Eramosa River is a river in Wellington County in western Ontario which rises near Erin, Ontario and flows southwest through the city of Guelph, where it joins the Speed River and then enters the Grand River. ... There are at least two rivers named Nith: One is in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland and passes through the town of Sanquhar. ... The Speed River is a river in Waterloo Region in Western Ontario. ... The Lynn River is a river in Norfolk County in southwestern Ontario which empties into Lake Erie at the town of Port Dover. ...

Economy

Agricultural, industrial, and residential land use are the primary nonpoint sources of pollution in the Lake Erie Basin. National and state environmental agencies, as well as interstate and binational cooperative efforts, focus on water quality, especially since the freshwater lake is used extensively for drinking water, recreation, and the fishing industry. Habitat and flow alteration cause siltation and sedimentation issues which can require dredging. Fertilizer runoff from farms and residences and unplanned releases from sewage treatment plants promote eutrophication through nutrient and organic enrichment, bacterial contamination, and the appearance of ammonium hydroxide. Industrial land use adds metals that flow into the basin and cause sediment contamination. [2] Raw sewage and industrial waste flows into the U.S. from Mexico as the New River passes from Mexicali, Baja California to Calexico, California Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities. ... Silt is soil or rock derived granular material of a specific grain size. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. ... Eutrophication refers to an increase in the primary productivity of any ecosystem. ...


References

  1. ^ Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy for New York, pp 235-236
  2. ^ Biological and Water Quality Study of the Toussaint River and Rusha Creek Basins, 2005, Ohio EPA, pp x-xv

See also

The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... List of rivers in Indiana (U.S. state). ... This is a list of Michigan rivers. ... This is a list of rivers in the U.S. state of New York. ... This is a list of rivers in the state of Ohio in the United States. ... See also: Rivers in Canada Tributaries of Hudson Bay Rivers in Canada alphabetically Rivers of the Americas This is the list of rivers situated which flow through Ontario. ... This is a list of streams and rivers in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania // Allegheny River Anderson Creek Antietam Creek Aquashicola Creek Armstrong Creek Aughwick Creek Babb Creek Back Creek Bald Eagle Creek (Little Juniata River) Bald Eagle Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River) Bear Creek Bear Run Beaver River...

External links

Overall

Indiana

  • See Map of Ohio's Principal Streams and Drainage Areas, including a small but important extension of waterway mapping across Ohio's Lake Erie Basin borders into the states of Indiana, Michigan, and Pennsylvania

Michigan

  • Michigan and the Lake Erie Basin
  • See Map of Ohio's Principal Streams and Drainage Areas, including a small but important extension of waterway mapping across Ohio's Lake Erie Basin borders into the states of Indiana, Michigan, and Pennsylvania

New York

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Ontario


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