The Lancaster House Agreement ended biracial rule in Zimbabwe Rhodesia following negotiations between representatives of the Patriotic Front (PF), consisting of ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union) and ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) and the Zimbabwe Rhodesia government, represented at that time by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith. It was signed on 21 December 1979.^[1] Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the (largely unrecognised) name of Zimbabwe during 1979, adopted by Rhodesia soon after an Internal Settlement between the white minority Rhodesian Government led by Ian Smith and small, moderate African nationalist parties not involved in the war that had been raging in the country since 1977. ... The Patriotic Front can mean: Patriotic Front (Austria) Patriotic Front (Iraq) Patriotic Front (Rwanda) Patriotic Front (Zambia) Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe) Category: ... The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union was a political party in Zimbabwe. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwes, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU. It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomos ZAPU to form Zanu... Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the (largely unrecognised) name of Zimbabwe during 1979, adopted by Rhodesia soon after an Internal Settlement between the white minority Rhodesian Government led by Ian Smith and small, moderate African nationalist parties not involved in the war that had been raging in the country since 1977. ... Bishop Abel Muzorewa Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (born 1925 in former Rhodesia), a Methodist bishop and nationalist leader, was prime minister of the short-lived coalition government in what was called Zimbabwe Rhodesia; he held office for only a few months in 1979. ... The Rt Hon Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia, 1964 (official portrait) Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID (born 8 April 1919) was the Premier of the British Crown Colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965, and Prime Minister of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 11 November... is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...

Following the Meeting of Commonwealth Heads of Government held in Lusaka from August 1-7 1979, the British government invited Muzorewa and the leaders of the Patriotic Front to participate in a Constitutional Conference at Lancaster House. The purpose of the Conference was to discuss and reach agreement on the terms of an Independence Constitution, and that elections should be supervised under British authority to enable Rhodesia to proceed to legal independence and the parties to settle their differences by political means. The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2008. ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Lancaster House is a mansion in the St Jamess district in the West End of London. ...

Lord Carrington, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom, chaired the Conference.^[2] The conference took place from 10 September-15 December 1979 with 47 plenary sessions. Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, KG, GCMG, CH, MC, PC, JP, DL (born June 6, 1919), was British Foreign Secretary (1979–1982) and Secretary-General of NATO (1984–1988). ... The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (commonly referred to as Foreign Secretary) is a member of the British Government responsible for relations with foreign countries, heading the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (often called simply the Foreign Office). ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Plenary is an adjective related to the noun, plenum carrying a general connotation of fullness. ...

In the course of its proceedings the conference reached agreement on the following issues:

• Summary of the Independence Constitution
• arrangements for the pre-independence period
• a cease-fire agreement signed by the parties

In concluding this agreement and signing this report the parties undertook:

• to accept the authority of the Governor;
• to abide by the Independence Constitution;
• to comply with the pre-independence arrangements;
• to abide by the cease-fire agreement;
• to campaign peacefully and without intimidation;
• to renounce the use of force for political ends;
• to accept the outcome of the elections and instruct any forces under their authority to do the same.

Under the Independence Constitution, 20% of seats in the country's parliament were reserved for whites.

The three-month long conference almost failed to reach an accord due to disagreements on land reform. Mugabe was pressured to sign and land was the key stumbling block. Both the British and American governments offered to buy land from willing white settlers who could not accept reconciliation (the "Willing buyer, Willing seller" principle) and a fund was established, to operate from 1980 to 1990. Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the year. ...

Lord Carrington, Sir Ian Gilmour, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Dr. S C Mundawarara signed the report. Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, KG, GCMG, CH, MC, PC, JP, DL (born June 6, 1919), was British Foreign Secretary (1979–1982) and Secretary-General of NATO (1984–1988). ... Ian Hedworth John Little Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar, PC, Bt. ... Mugabe redirects here. ... Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (June 19, 1917 – July 1, 1999) was a Zimbabwean nationalist leader and revolutionary, a member of the Ndebele (or Matebele) ethnic group, and the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU). ... Bishop Abel Muzorewa Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (born 1925 in former Rhodesia), a Methodist bishop and nationalist leader, was prime minister of the short-lived coalition government in what was called Zimbabwe Rhodesia; he held office for only a few months in 1979. ...

The British assisted in setting up the Zimbabwe conference on reconstruction and development in 1981. At that conference, more than £630 million of aid was pledged. The first phase of land reform in the 1980, which was partially funded by the United Kingdom, successfully resettled around 70,000 landless people on more than 20,000 km² of land. AUGUST 25 1981 US Marine Sean Vance is Born on the 25th of August {ear nav|1981}} Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ...

United Kingdom delegation

• Foreign Secretary Lord Peter Carrington, 6th Baron Carrington (Chairman)
• Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar
• Sir Michael Havers, Baron Havers
• Lord Harlech
• Richard Luce
• Sir Michael Palliser
• Sir Antony Duff
• D M Day
• R A C Byatt
• Robin Renwick, Baron Renwick of Clifton
• P R N Fifoot
• Sir Nicholas Fenn, Head of News Department of the Foreign Office
• G G H Walden
• C D Powell
• P J Barlow
• R D Wilkinson
• A M Layden
• R M J Lyne
• M J Richardson
• C R L de Chassiron
• A J Phillips
• M C Wood

Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, KG, GCMG, CH, MC, PC, JP, DL (born June 6, 1919), was British Foreign Secretary (1979–1982) and Secretary-General of NATO (1984–1988). ... Ian Hedworth John Little Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar, PC, Bt. ... The Right Honourable Robert Michael Oldfield Havers, Baron Havers, QC (10 March 1923–1 April 1992) was a British lawyer and politician. ... Baron Harlech is a peerage title created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876. ... The Right Honourable Richard Napier Luce, Baron Luce GCVO (born 1936) is a British politician of the Conservative Party, and a former government minister. ... Sir Michael Palliser is the vice chairman of the Salzburg Seminars Board of Directors and a former senior British Diplomat. ... Sir Arthur Antony Duff, GCMG, CVO, DSO, DSC, PC (25 February 1920–13 August 2000) was Director-General (DG) of MI5, the United Kingdoms internal security service, from 1985 to 1988. ... Robin William Renwick, Baron Renwick of Clifton KCMG, (b. ...

Patriotic Front delegation

• Robert Mugabe - future Prime minister of Zimbabwe
• Joshua Nkomo - ZAPU leader
• Josiah Mushore Chinamano - ZAPU leader, moderate, detained with Nkomo, future government minister
• Edgar Tekere - future Government minister, expelled from the party in 1988 after he denounced plans to establish a one-party state in Zimbabwe. He also emerged as a vocal critic of the massacre of civilians in Matabeleland after government launched a crackdown against so-called dissidents in the region. He formed his own party, Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM) in 1989 ahead of general elections in 1990.
• General Josiah Tongogara, ZANLA general, from ZANU militant external wing
• Ernest R Kadungure, ZAPU, future Finance secretary
• Dr H Ushewokunze - first health minister, director of energy and transportation, director of political affairs. Flamboyant and often controversial, he often clashed with the Mugabe administration and was thrown out of the government, welcomed back in, then thrown out again. He died in 1995 and was buried in Zimbabwe's national cemetery. He was declared a national hero.
• Dzingai Mutumbuka - future minister of education
• Josiah Tungamirai - future Air force chief, after retirement as MP for Gutu North.
• Edson Zvobgo - lawyer, Harvard graduate, future Government minister, clashed with Mugabe around press freedom, buried a national hero.
• Dr S Mubako
• W Kamba
• Joseph Msika - ZAPU leader, detained with Nkomo, future vice-president
• T George Silundika - ZAPU Publicity and Information Secretary
• A M Chambati
• John Nkomo
• L Baron
• S K Sibanda
• E Mlambo
• C Ndlovu
• E Siziba

Mugabe redirects here. ... Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (June 19, 1917 – July 1, 1999) was a Zimbabwean nationalist leader and revolutionary, a member of the Ndebele (or Matebele) ethnic group, and the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU). ... The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union was a political party in Zimbabwe. ... Edgar Z. Tekere (born 1937) is a Zimbabwean politician. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... Josiah Tongogara is a fallen hero of the Zimbabwe revolutionary war, and streets are named after him in almost every town in the country. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union was a political party during the struggle for Rhodesias, ultimately Zimbabwes, independence, formed as a split from ZAPU. It won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and eight years later merged again with Joshua Nkomos ZAPU to form Zanu... Edson Jonasi Zvobgo (October 2, 1935 - August 22, 2004) was a founder of Zimbabwes ruling party Zanu-PF during the struggle years, was a member of the black delegation to the Lancaster House in late 1979, a Harvard-trained lawyer, and a poet. ... Joseph Msika (6 December 1923 — ) has been vice-president of Zimbabwe since 23 December 1999. ...

Zimbabwe Rhodesia delegation

• Bishop Abel Muzorewa
• S C Mundawarara
• E L Bulle

• F. Zindoga
• D C Mukome
• G B Nyandoro
• Reverand Ndabaningi Sithole
• L Nyemba
• Chief K Ndiweni
• Z M Bafanah
• Prime Minister Ian Smith
• D C Smith
• R Cronje
• C Andersen
• Dr J Kamusikiri
• G Pincus
• L G Smith
• Air Vice Marshal H Hawkins
• Dr E M F Chitate
• D Zamchiya
• S V Mutambanengwe
• M A Adam
• P Claypole

Bishop Abel Muzorewa Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (born 1925 in former Rhodesia), a Methodist bishop and nationalist leader, was prime minister of the short-lived coalition government in what was called Zimbabwe Rhodesia; he held office for only a few months in 1979. ... Ndabaningi Sithole (31 July 1920 – 12 December 2000) was an Ndau, a Methodist minister, and a veteran of Zimbabwes liberation struggle. ... The Rt Hon Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia, 1964 (official portrait) Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID (born 8 April 1919) was the Premier of the British Crown Colony of Southern Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 11 November 1965, and Prime Minister of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 11 November...

See also

• Land reform in Zimbabwe

Land apportionment in Rhodesia in 1965. ...

References

External links

• Foreign and Commonwealth Office of Zimbabwe