The Lancia Kappa is an executive car produced by Italian automaker Lancia. It replaced the Thema as Lancia's flagship model in 1994 and was itself replaced by Lancia Thesis in 2001. It shared its platform with the Alfa Romeo 166 and was available as a saloon, estate or coupé. The Kappa was only available in left-hand drive, as Lancia pulled out of right-hand drive markets after the demise of the Thema. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2240 × 1680 pixel, file size: 1. ... Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... Lancia (Lan-cha) is an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat group in 1969. ... Fiat S.p. ... The Lancia Thema was a model of Italian automobile produced in the 1980s. ... The Lancia Thesis is an Italian car, first produced in 2001. ... It has been suggested that Vehicle size class be merged into this article or section. ... Executive car is a British term used generally to describe an automobile larger than a large family car, but which is not a high-end or ultra luxury car, a multi-purpose vehicle or a sport utility vehicle. ... Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. ... Estate car body style (Saab 95) A station wagon (United States usage), wagon (Australian usage, though station wagon is widely used) or estate car (United Kingdom usage) is a car body style similar to a sedan car but with an extended rear cargo area. ... The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1980s Volvo 480 two-box coupé 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupe Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coupé A coup... A Toyota Camry, a recognizable sedan The Ford Five Hundred, a full-sized sedan The 3-box design, indicative of a notchback sedan, as illustrated on a full-size luxury sedan. ... In automobile design layout is the place where both the engine and driven wheels are. ... In automobile design, an FF, or Front-engine, Front wheel drive, layout places both the engine and driven wheels at the front of the vehicle. ... An automobile platform is a shared set of components common to a number of different automobiles. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Internal combustion engine. ... Turbocharger Cut-away A turbocharger is a device used in internal-combustion engines to increase the power output of the engine by increasing the mass of oxygen and fuel entering the engine. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... Turbocharger Cut-away A turbocharger is a device used in internal-combustion engines to increase the power output of the engine by increasing the mass of oxygen and fuel entering the engine. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... The Ford Essex V6 engine V6 and V-6 redirect here. ... A turbodiesel is a name for a turbocharged Diesel engine. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... In mechanics, a transmission or gearbox is the system of gears and/or the hydraulic system (called variously hydrodynamic, fluid or automatic transmission) that transmits mechanical power from a prime mover—such as an engine or electric motor—to a typically rotary output device at a lower angular momentum but... A manual transmission (also known as a stick shift, straight drive, or standard transmission) is a type of transmission used in automotive applications. ... An automatic transmission is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the vehicle moves, thus freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kerb (sometimes mis-spelled as curb by Americans) weight is the total weight of a vehicle with standard equipment, all necessary operating consumables (such as motor oil and coolant), a full tank of fuel and not loaded with either passengers or cargo. ... The Alfa Romeo 166 is a full-size sedan automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo since 1998. ... Executive car is a British term used generally to describe an automobile larger than a large family car, but which is not a high-end or ultra luxury car, a multi-purpose vehicle or a sport utility vehicle. ... Automakers, also known as carmakers, automobile manufacturers, motor manufacturers, or the automobile industry are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ... Lancia (Lan-cha) is an Italian automobile manufacturer founded in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia and which became part of the Fiat group in 1969. ... The Lancia Thema was a model of Italian automobile produced in the 1980s. ... This article may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The Lancia Thesis is an Italian car, first produced in 2001. ... An automobile platform is a shared set of components common to a number of different automobiles. ... The Alfa Romeo 166 is a full-size sedan automobile produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo since 1998. ... A Toyota Camry, a recognizable sedan The Ford Five Hundred, a full-sized sedan The 3-box design, indicative of a notchback sedan, as illustrated on a full-size luxury sedan. ... Estate car body style (Saab 95) A station wagon (United States usage), wagon (Australian usage, though station wagon is widely used) or estate car (United Kingdom usage) is a car body style similar to a sedan car but with an extended rear cargo area. ... The Peugeot 406 Coupé, designed by Pininfarina 1990 Mercedes-Benz 560SEC coupé, noted for its large, angular design 1980s Volvo 480 two-box coupé 1997 Rover Vitesse Coupe, club coupe Mercedes CLS, a modern four-door coupé Gala-Coupé of Leopold II, Brussels 1970s Sunbeam Alpine fastback coupé A coup... Red = drive on right Blue = drive on left Rules of the road are the general practices and procedures followed by people on roads, especially those driving cars or on bicycles or other vehicles. ...  drive on right  drive on left In organized traffic, vehicles going in opposite directions are separated to a side of the road so they will not block each others way. ...

Kappa is the tenth letter of the Greek alphabet. Greek letters have frequently been used to denote Lancia models. Back in 1919, Lancia had already produced a Kappa (and its later evolutions called Dikappa and Trikappa)^[2], but these are far less known nowadays than the 1990s Kappa. In writing, Lancia often referred to the Kappa simply as the k (lower case "k"), which is fairly similar to the original Greek letter. For other uses, see Kappa (disambiguation). ... The Greek alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Greek language since about the 9th century BCE. It was the first alphabet in the narrow sense, that is, a writing system using a separate symbol for each vowel and consonant alike. ...

The Kappa was not particularly popular, with only 80,000 made in total. ^[4] Italy remained Kappa's most important market, absorbing the bulk of sales. It is also worth noting that in Poland, where Fiat Auto is the biggest domestic car manufacturer, Kappas served as official government cars (replacing Themas). This boosted the Kappa's profile in that country and gave it a peculiar cachet, which is why the Kappa enjoys a solid enthusiast base there.

Model history

• 1994 - Kappa production begins.
• 1996 - An estate car joins the lineup. The naturally-aspirated 2.0-litre gasoline engine is fitted with a variable geometry inlet manifold. Inside the cabin, the seats are replaced by a new design, including new upholstery patterns.
• 1997 - The coupé is launched, while at the same time, some changes are made to the interior, trunk, suspension and engine bay, as well as new alloy wheels. Coupe production begins.
• 1998 - The 2.0 L turbocharged four-cylinder engine gets replaced by the five-cylinder, while the turbodiesel was upgraded to a JTD engine. The bumper guards, previously black, are changed to body-coloured, and the base trim level, LE, is dropped, leaving only the more lavish LS and LX. At the same time, a special trim level is introduced for the turbocharged gasoline engine, called simply the "Turbo", distinguished by the lack of chrome decals around the window frames. The interior materials are also upgraded across the lineup, including the addition of a leather-wrapped steering wheel and front central armrest.
• 1999 - The other two five-cylinder engines are modified along with the air conditioning unit.
• 2000 - The Kappa gains xenon HID headlamps. Production ceased in mid-2000 (Coupé's earlier in the year). ^[2][4]

On a sphere, the sum of the angles of a triangle is not equal to 180°. A sphere is not a Euclidean space, but locally the laws of the Euclidean geometry are good approximations. ... Turbocharger Cut-away A turbocharger is a device used in internal-combustion engines to increase the power output of the engine by increasing the mass of oxygen and fuel entering the engine. ... A turbodiesel is a name for a turbocharged Diesel engine. ... JTD is Fiats term for its turbocharged diesel engines. ... Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ... Xenon HID headlamps are the bright automobile headlights that use xenon short-arc lamps to produce the light rather than ordinary incandescent light bulbs (including quartz halogen lamps). ...

Kappa SW and Coupé

The station wagon version of the Kappa, designated "SW" by Lancia, was designed by the famous Pininfarina and did not differ from the saloon in exterior dimensions - the focus was clearly on presentation rather than cargo space. ^[2] Pininfarina logo. ...

The Coupé was, on the other hand, technically quite different from the saloon, having a shorter wheelbase, wider rear track and a distinctive profile with frameless doors. Despite that the front until the window screen remained identical to that of the other Kappas. It was Lancia's first coupé since 1984, when the Beta and Gamma coupés were discontinued, and remains the last Lancia to feature this body style to this day. The peculiar shape of the Kappa Coupé was not to everybody's liking, which contributed to very low sales and production numbers - 3620 coupes only were manufactured from April 1997 to March 2000, making this model a true rarity. ^[2] The Lancia Beta was a car produced by Lancia. ... Lancia Gamma Coupé The Lancia Gamma was an executive car from Italian Fiat Autos upscale marque Lancia. ...

Lancia Kappa SW

Lancia Kappa Coupé

Lancia Kappa Coupé - rear view

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Engines

The Kappa had engines fitted transversely, all powering only the front wheels. They were available with either a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission, unless otherwise indicated. ^[2][4] A transverse engine is an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented side-to-side relative to the wheels of the vehicle. ... Front-wheel drive is the most common form of engine/transmission layout used in modern passenger cars, where the engine drives the front wheels. ... A manual transmission (also known as a stick shift, straight drive, or standard transmission) is a type of transmission used in automotive applications. ... An automatic transmission is an automobile gearbox that can change gear ratios automatically as the vehicle moves, thus freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually. ...

2.0 20V

• 1998 cc, straight-5, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder, 145/155 PS (108.1/115.6 kW), 182/186 N·m (134/137 lb·ft)
• uprated to 155 PS in 1996, after the addition of a variable geometry inlet manifold, called the Variable Intake System (V.I.S) by Lancia
• modified again in 1999
• there were two versions of the manual transmission available for this engine, called Power Drive and Comfort Drive, with gear ratios optimized towards the former or the latter, respectively
• this engine was not available in the Coupé

The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... A double overhead cam (also called a dual overhead cam, DOHC, or twincam) engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the camshafts that operate the intake and exhaust valves are mounted above the cylinders, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. ... In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has more than two valves. ... On a sphere, the sum of the angles of a triangle is not equal to 180°. A sphere is not a Euclidean space, but locally the laws of the Euclidean geometry are good approximations. ... Gears on a piece of farm equipment, gear ratio 1:1. ...

2.4 20V

• 2446 cc, straight-5, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder, 175 PS (130.5 kW), 230 N·m (170 lb·ft)
• fitted with V.I.S
• slightly modified in 1999

The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... A double overhead cam (also called a dual overhead cam, DOHC, or twincam) engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the camshafts that operate the intake and exhaust valves are mounted above the cylinders, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. ... In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has more than two valves. ...

3.0 V6 24V

• 2959 cc, V6, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder 204 PS (152.1 kW), 270 N·m (199 lb·ft)
• not fitted with V.I.S
• slightly modified in 1999

The Ford Essex V6 engine V6 and V-6 redirect here. ... A double overhead cam (also called a dual overhead cam, DOHC, or twincam) engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the camshafts that operate the intake and exhaust valves are mounted above the cylinders, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. ... In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has more than two valves. ...

2.0 16v turbo

• 1995 cc, turbo straight-4, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder, 205 PS (152.9 kW), 298 N·m (220 lb·ft)
• superseded by the 5-cylinder turbo in 1998
• 5-speed manual transmission only

Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc. ... The straight-4 or inline-4 is an internal combustion engine with four cylinders aligned in one row. ... A double overhead cam (also called a dual overhead cam, DOHC, or twincam) engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the camshafts that operate the intake and exhaust valves are mounted above the cylinders, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. ... In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has more than two valves. ... A manual transmission (also known as a stick shift, straight drive, or standard transmission) is a type of transmission used in automotive applications. ...

2.0 20V turbo

• 1998 cc, turbo straight-5, DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder, 220 PS (164.1 kW), 309 N·m (228 lb·ft)
• superseded the 4-cylinder turbo in 1998
• 5-speed manual transmission only

Air foil bearing-supported turbocharger cutaway made by Mohawk Innovative Technology Inc. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... A double overhead cam (also called a dual overhead cam, DOHC, or twincam) engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the camshafts that operate the intake and exhaust valves are mounted above the cylinders, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. ... In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has more than two valves. ... A manual transmission (also known as a stick shift, straight drive, or standard transmission) is a type of transmission used in automotive applications. ...

2.4 TDS/JTD

• originally a distributor-pump turbodiesel refitted with common rail in 1998 and hence referred to as JTD engine
• TDI - 2387 cc, turbodiesel straight-5, SOHC, 2 valves per cylinder, 124 PS (92.5 kW), 250 N·m (184 lb·ft)
• JTD - 2387 cc common rail turbodiesel straight-5, SOHC, 2 valves per cylinder, 136 PS (100 kW), 304 N·m (224 lb·ft)
• not available with automatic transmission or in coupé

This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A turbodiesel is a name for a turbocharged Diesel engine. ... Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct injection system for diesel engines. ... JTD is Fiats term for its turbocharged diesel engines. ... A turbodiesel is a name for a turbocharged Diesel engine. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... Single overhead cam (also SOHC) refers to the internal combustion engine design where one camshaft is located above the valves. ... Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct injection system for diesel engines. ... A turbodiesel is a name for a turbocharged Diesel engine. ... The straight-5 or inline-5 is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row, sharing a single engine block and crankcase. ... Single overhead cam (also SOHC) refers to the internal combustion engine design where one camshaft is located above the valves. ...

External links

• Lancia Motor Club (UK)
• Lancia Kappa Site (Hungary)

References

1. ^ Automotive Design and Production, Feb 2002, accessed via FindArticles.com
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} CarsFromItaly.com Lancia Kappa page accessed via the Wayback Machine
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Lancia specifications at carfolio.com
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Polish Lancia Kappa enthusiast page (Polish)

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