Built just outside Felixstowe, Suffolk at the mouth of the River Orwell, Landguard Fort was designed to guard the entrance to Harwich. The first fortifications from 1540 were a few earthworks and blockhouse, but it was James I of England who ordered the construction of a square fort with bulwarks at each corner. Map sources for Felixstowe at grid reference TM3034 Felixstowe is a North Sea seaport in Suffolk, England. ... Suffolk (pronounced suffuk) is a large traditional and administrative county in the East Anglia region of eastern England. ... The River Orwell is a river in the county of Suffolk, England. ... (This article is about the town in England. ... Events January 6 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne of Cleves, his fourth Queen consort. ... James VI of Scots and I of England (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was a King who ruled over England, Scotland and Ireland, and was the first Sovereign to reign in the three realms simultaneously. ... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ...

In 1667 the Dutch landed a force of 1500 men on Felixstowe beach and advanced on the fort, but were repulsed by Nathaniel Darrell and his small garrison, and had to abandon the siege because of the lack of water on the shingle spit. // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... The word shingle has several distinct meanings in the English language: Photograph of wood shingles, also called shakes, as used in roofing. ... Spit is: Spit (landform): in geography, a section of land that extends into a body of water Spit (VoIP spam): an unsolicited telephone call made using IP telephony over the Internet. ...

A new battery was built in 1716, and a complete new fort on an adjoining site was started in 1745 to a pentagonal bastioned trace. New batteries were built in the 1750s and 1780, but the biggest change was in the 1870s where the interior barracks were rebuilt to a keep-like design, the river frontage was rebuilt with a new casemated battery covered by a very unusual caponier with a spectacular quarter sphere bomb proof nose. Several open bastions were enclosed, and a mock ravelin block constructed to house a submarine mining contingent. In military science, a battery is a group of artillery cannons or rockets, so grouped in order to facilitate battlefield communication and the organization of barrages. ... // Events Natchez, one of the oldest towns on the Mississippi, founded. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... The point of a bastion on a reconstructed French fort in Illinois. ... Events and Trends Scientific navigation is developed. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Events and Trends Technology The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... Barracks are military housing. ... Caponier is a type of fortification structure. ... A ravelin is a triangular fortification used to split an attacking force. ...

During the Second World War, it was used as one of the balloon launch sites of Operation Outward. This was a project to attack Germany by means of free-flying hydrogen balloons that carried incendary devices or trailing steel wires (intended to damage power lines.) Between 1942 and 1944, many thousands of balloons were launched. World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that engulfed much of the globe... Operation Outward was the name given to the British Second World War programme to attack Germany by means of free-flying balloons. ... This article is about the year. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Left Battery was converted into the Anti-aircraft Operations Room for Harwich in the 1950s. American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ...

The fort is under active restoration, and is frequently open during the summer.

The fort hosts a bird observatory, and is important for the study of bird migration. // Long-distance land bird migration Many species of land birds migrate very long distances, the most common pattern being for birds to breed in the temperate or arctic northern hemisphere and winter in warmer regions, often in the tropics or the southern hemisphere. ...

External links

• Landguard
• Landguard bird observatory
• Landguard Anti Aircraft Operations Room