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Langerhans' cells are dendritic cells abundant in epidermis, containing large granules called Birbeck granules. They are normally present in lymph nodes, and can be found in other organs in the condition Histiocytosis. Dendritic cells (DC) are immune cells and form part of the mammal immune system. ...
Look up Epidermis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
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Though histiocytosis can refer to any of several specific diseases, the term is generally used to refer to a rare blood disease that is caused by an excess of white blood cells called histiocytes. ...
 Section of skin showing large numbers of dendritic (Langerhans cells) in the epidermis. M. ulcerans infection, S100 immunoperoxidase stain)
Named after German anatomist and physician Paul Langerhans (1847-1888) who described it in skin when he was a medical student. Greek anatome, from ana-temnein, to cut up), is the branch of biology that deals with the structure and organization of living things; thus there is animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytonomy). ...
For other uses, see Doctor. ...
Paul Langerhans (1847 - 1888) was a famous German pathologist and biologist. ...
Function
On infection of an area of skin, the local Langerhans' cells will take up and process microbial antigens to become fully-functional antigen-presenting cells. An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ...
This article is about the organ. ...
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ...
An antigen or immunogen is a molecule that stimulates an immune response. ...
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexed with MHC on its surface. ...
Generally, dendritic cells in tissue are active in the capture, uptake and processing of antigens. Once dendritic cells arrive in secondary lymphoid tissue however, they lose these properties while gaining the capacity to interact with naive T-cells. Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. ...
Langerhans' cells are derived from the cellular differentiation of monocytes with the marker "Gr-1" (also known as "Ly-6c/G"). The differentiation requires stimulation by colony stimulating factor-1.[1] They are similar in morphology and function to macrophages. [2] In the center of the diagram are three of the early steps in the development of a mammal. ...
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein, growth factor or cytokine produced by a number of different tissues to stimulate the bone marrow to produce granulocytes. ...
Macrophages (Greek: big eaters) are cells found in tissues that are responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris. ...
Clinical significance
LCH In the rare disease Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH), an excess of these cells is produced, which can cause damage to skin, bone and other organs. A rare disease (sometimes known as an orphan disease) has such a low prevalence in a population that a doctor in a busy general practice would not expect to see more than one case a year. ...
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This article is about the organ. ...
This article is about the skeletal organs. ...
HIV Langerhans' cells capture HIV-1 virions by way of Fc receptor binding to antibody-coated virus. Langerhans' cells act as reservoirs for the HIV-1 virus, serving as a site of replication when T-cells become depleted (Robbins Pathology).
Langerhans' cells have been observed in foreskin, vaginal, and oral mucosa of humans; the lower concentrations in oral mucosa suggest that it is not a likely source of HIV infection relative to foreskin and vaginal mucosa.[3] The foreskin or prepuce (a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood, the homologous structure in women) is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis. ...
The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of ectodermic origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. ...
Species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS, a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections). ...
On March 4, 2007 the online Nature Medicine magazine published the letter "Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells",[4] written by Dutch scientists which claims "that Langerin is able to scavenge viruses from the surrounding environment, thereby preventing infection."[citation needed] is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
Nature Medicine (Nat Med; ISSN 1078-8956) is an academic journal publishing research articles, reviews, news and commentaries in the biomedical area, including both basic research and early-phase clinical research. ...
See also Though histiocytosis can refer to any of several specific diseases, the term is generally used to refer to a rare blood disease that is caused by an excess of white blood cells called histiocytes. ...
The foreskin or prepuce (a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood, the homologous structure in women) is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis. ...
Paul Langerhans (1847 - 1888) was a famous German pathologist and biologist. ...
Langhans giant cells are large cells found in granulomatous conditions. ...
References - ^ Ginhoux F, Tacke F, Angeli V, Bogunovic M, Loubeau M, Dai X, Stanley E, Randolph G, Merad M (2006). "Langerhans cells arise from monocytes in vivo.". Nat Immunol 7 (3): 265-73. doi:10.1038/ni1307. PMID 16444257.
- ^ Semester 4 medical lectures at Uppsala University 2008 by Leif Jansson
- ^ Hussain, LA, Lehner T (1995). "Comparative Investigation of Langerhans' cells and Potential Receptors for HIV in Oral, Genitourinary and Rectal Epithelia". Immunology 85: 475-484. PMID 7558138.
- ^ de Witte L, Nabatov A, Pion M, Fluitsma D, de Jong M, de Gruijl T, Piguet V, van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek T (2007). "Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells". Nat Med 13 (3): 367-71. doi:10.1038/nm1541. PMID 17334373.
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
External links | Blood | | | General | | | | Lymphoid - WBC | T cells: Cytotoxic CD8+, Helper CD4+/ Regulatory, γδ, Natural Killer T cell B cells: Plasma, Memory eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ...
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
For other uses, see Blood (disambiguation). ...
Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. ...
Sketch of bone marrow and its cells Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) are stem cells found in the bone marrow. ...
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a single human lymphocyte. ...
White Blood Cells redirects here. ...
T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the immune response. ...
A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, CTL or killer T cell) belongs to a sub-group of T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which are capable of inducing the death of infected somatic or tumor cells; they kill cells that are infected with viruses (or other...
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either cytotoxic CD8+ cells or helper CD4+ cells. ...
Regulatory T cells (also known as suppressor T cells) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress activation of the immune system and thereby maintain immune system homeostasis and tolerance to self. ...
γδ T cells represent a small subset of T cells that possess a distinct T cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. ...
Natural killer T cells (NK T cells) are a type of lymphocyte, or white blood cell. ...
B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response). ...
Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. ...
Memory B cells are a B cell sub-type that are formed following primary infection. ...
Natural killer cells (Lymphokine-activated killer cell) Natural NK cells are cytotoxic; small granules in their cytoplasm contain special proteins such as perforin and proteases known as granzymes. ...
In cell biology, a lymphokine-activated killer cell (also known as a LAK cell) is a white blood cell that has been stimulated to kill tumour cells. ...
Null cell | | | Myeloid - WBC | Monocytes/ Macrophages ( Histiocytes, Kupffer cells, Langhans giant cells, Microglia, Osteoclasts) Granulocytes (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil) - Mast cell precursors Myeloid cells is a subsummating term for all hemopoietic cells except the lymphoid ones (T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, dendritic cells). ...
White Blood Cells redirects here. ...
Monocyte A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human bodys immune system that protects against blood-borne pathogens and moves quickly (aprox. ...
A macrophage of a mouse stretching its arms to engulf two particles, possibly pathogens Macrophages (Greek: big eaters, from makros large + phagein eat) are cells within the tissues that originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes. ...
A Histiocyte is a cell that is part of the human immune system. ...
Kupffer cells or Browicz-Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages located in the liver that form part of the reticuloendothelial system. ...
Langhans giant cells are large cells found in granulomatous conditions. ...
Microglia cells positive for lectins Microglia are a type of glial cell that act as the immune cells of the Central nervous system (CNS). ...
An osteoclast (from the Greek words for bone and broken) is a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bones mineralized matrix. ...
Eosinophil granulocyte Basophil granulocyte Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterised by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Image of an eosinophil Eosinophil granulocytes, commonly referred to as eosinophils (or less commonly as acidophils), are white blood cells of the immune system that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates. ...
Basophil redirects here. ...
Mast cells A mast cell (or mastocyte) is a resident cell of areolar connective tissue (loose connective tissue) that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. ...
Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells, Follicular dendritic cells Dendritic cells (DC) are immune cells and form part of the mammal immune system. ...
Dendritic cells (DC) are immune cells and form part of the mammal immune system. ...
Megakaryoblast - Megakaryocyte - Platelets | | | Myeloid - RBC | | | A megakaryoblast is a precursor cell to a promegakaryocyte, which in turn becomes a megakaryocyte. ...
The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood platelets when its cytoplasm becomes fragmented. ...
A 250 ml bag of newly collected platelets. ...
Myeloid cells is a subsummating term for all hemopoietic cells except the lymphoid ones (T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, dendritic cells). ...
“Red cell†redirects here. ...
Reticulocyte Erythrocyte Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, typically comprising about 1% of the red cells in the human body. ...
A normoblast (or erythroblast) is a type of red blood cell which still retains a cell nucleus. ...
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