Lantibiotics are polycyclic peptides containing uncommon amino acids like the lanthionine, methyllanthionine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, and unsaturated amino acids such as dehydroalanine. Many or all are made by gram positive bacteria. The name derives from 'Lanthionine-containing antibiotics'. Peptides (from the Greek πεπτος, digestible), are the family of short molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various α-amino acids. ... In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ... Lanthionine is a non proteinogenic amino acid found in peptides of microbial origin. ... 2-Aminoisobutyric acid, or α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) or α-methylalanine or 2-methylalanine, is an amino acid with the structural formula is H2N-C(CH3)2-COOH. It is contained in some antibiotics of fungal origin, eg. ... In chemistry, saturation has four different meanings: In physical chemistry, saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance and additional amounts of that substance will appear as a precipitate. ... Dehydroalanine (or (alpha)-(beta)-di-dehydroalanine) is an uncommon amino acid found in peptides of microbial origin (an unsaturated amino acid). ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ...
Lantibiotics show substantial specificity for some components (eg lipid II) of bacterial cell membranes especially of Gram positive bacteria. They are active in very low concentrations. Drawing of a cell membrane A component of every biological cell, the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that encapsulate the cell. ...
Type A Lantibiotics are long flexible molecules - eg Nisin, subtilin, epidermin. Nisin is an inhibitory polycyclic peptide with 34 amino acid residues used as a food preservative. ...
Type B Lantibiotics are globular - eg mersacidin, actagardin, cinnamycin.
See Brotz and Sahl. JAC (2000) 46, 1-6 for discussion of mechanism of action. (Type A kill rapidly by pore formation, type B inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis)
Lantibiotics are polycyclic peptides containing uncommon amino acids like the lanthionine, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, and unsaturated amino acids such as dehydroalanine.
Lantibiotics show substantial specificity for some components of bacterial cell membranes.
The complexes are preferably chelated complexes wherein the bacteriocin is a lantibiotic, non-lanthionine containing peptide, large heat labile protein and complex bacteriocin, fusion protein thereof, mixture thereof, and fragment, homolog and variant thereof, and (b) a detectable label comprising a transition or lanthanide metal.
The chelated complexes of the present invention are comprised of (a) a bacteriocin selected from the group consisting of lantibiotics, non-lanthionine containing peptides, large heat labile proteins and complex bacteriocins, fusion proteins thereof, mixtures thereof, and fragments, homologs and variants thereof, and (b) a detectable label comprising a transition or lanthanide metal.
While lantibiotics are the preferred bacteriocins, any of the generally cationic peptides synthesized by bacteria, plants, mammals or insects having antimicrobial activity and forming complexes with transition or lanthanide metals could be used.
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