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Encyclopedia > Laser applications
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There are many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications which have been developed since the invention of the laser in the 1958. The coherency, high monochromaticity, and ability to reach extremely high powers are all properties which allow for these specialized applications. Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ... Shortcut: WP:-( Vandalism is indisputable bad-faith addition, deletion, or change to content, made in a deliberate attempt to compromise the integrity of the encyclopedia. ... Coherence is the property of wave-like states that enables them to exhibit interference. ... Something which is monochromatic has a single color. ... In physics, power (symbol: P) is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transferred. ...

Contents

Scientific

In science, lasers are used in many ways, including:

It has been suggested that Optical interferometry be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Schematic of a LIBS system - Courtesy of US Army Research Laboratory // Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which utilises a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. ... For the purported psychic ability to sense remotely, see Remote viewing right Synthetic aperture radar image of Death Valley colored using polarimetry In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real... Nonlinear optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the polarization P responds nonlinearly to the electric field E of the light. ... Holography (from the Greek, όλος-hòlòs whole + γραφή-grafè writh) is the science of producing holograms; it is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. ... Atmospheric physics is the application of physics to the study of the atmosphere. ... Cassini-Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA/ASI unmanned space mission intended to study Saturn and its moons. ... Lick Observatory laser guide star, built by LLNL. Laser guide stars are a form of artificial star created for use in astronomical adaptive optics imaging. ... A deformable mirror can be used to correct wavefront errors in an astronomical telescope. ...

Spectroscopy

Most types of laser are an inherently pure source of light; they emit near-monochromatic light with a very well defined range of wavelengths. By careful design of the laser components, the purity of the laser light (measured as the "linewidth") can be improved more than the purity of any other light source. This makes the laser a very useful source for spectroscopy. The high intensity of light that can be achieved in a small, well collimated beam can also be used to induce a nonlinear optical effect in a sample, which makes techniques such as Raman spectroscopy possible. Other spectroscopic techniques based on lasers can be used to make extremely sensitive detectors of various molecules, able to measure molecular concentrations in the parts-per-trillion (ppt) level. Due to the high power densities achievable by lasers, beam-induced atomic emission is possible: this technique is termed Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Something which is monochromatic has a single color. ... The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ... The Q factor or quality factor is a measure of the quality of a resonant system. ... Extremely high resolution spectrogram of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines (fraunhofer lines) Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between radiation (electromagnetic radiation, or light, as well as particle radiation) and matter. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... One million million (1,000,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,000,001. ... Schematic of a LIBS system - Courtesy of US Army Research Laboratory // Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which utilises a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. ...


Lasers may also be indirectly used in spectroscopy as a micro-sampling system, a technique termed Laser ablation (LA), which is typically applied to ICP-MS apparatus resulting in the powerful LA-ICP-MS. Ablation is defined as the removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. ... ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) is a type of mass spectrometry that is highly sensitive and capable of analysis of a range of metals and several non-metals at below one part in 1012. ...


Lunar laser ranging

Main article: Lunar laser ranging experiment

When the Apollo astronauts visited the moon, they planted retroreflector arrays to make possible the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment. Laser beams are focused through large telescopes on Earth aimed toward the arrays, and the time taken for the beam to be reflected back to Earth measured to determine the distance between the Earth and Moon with high precision. The Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment from the Apollo 11 mission The ongoing Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment measures the distance between the Earth and the Moon using laser ranging. ... Retroreflectors are clearly visible in a pair of bicycle shoes. ... The Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment from the Apollo 11 mission The ongoing Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment measures the distance between the Earth and the Moon using laser ranging. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


Photochemistry

Some laser systems, through the process of modelocking, can produce extremely brief pulses of light - as short as picoseconds or femtoseconds (10-12 - 10-15 seconds). Such pulses can be used to initiate and analyse chemical reactions, a technique known as photochemistry. The short pulses can be used to probe the process of the reaction at a very high temporal resolution, allowing the detection of short-lived intermediate molecules. This method is particularly useful in biochemistry, where it is used to analyse details of protein folding and function. Modelocking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10-12s) or femtoseconds (10-15s). ... Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ...


Laser cooling

A technique that has had recent success is laser cooling. This involves atom trapping, a method where a number of atoms are confined in a specially shaped arrangement of electric and magnetic fields. Shining particular wavelengths of laser light at the ions or atoms slows them down, thus cooling them. As this process is continued, they all are slowed and have the same energy level, forming an unusual arrangement of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. ... Magnetic field lines shown by iron filings In physics, a magnetic field is a solenoidal vector field in the space surrounding moving electric charges and magnetic dipoles, such as those in electric currents and magnets. ... A Bose–Einstein condensate is a phase of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (0 kelvins or -273. ...


Nuclear fusion

Some of the world's most powerful and complex arrangements of multiple lasers and optical amplifiers are used to produce extremely high intensity pulses of light of extremely short duration. These pulses are arranged such that they impact pellets of tritium-deuterium simultaneously from all directions, hoping that the squeezing effect of the impacts will induce atomic fusion in the pellets. This technique, known as "inertial confinement fusion", so far has not been able to achieve "breakeven", that is, so far the fusion reaction generates less power than is used to power the lasers, but research continues. Tritium (symbol T or 3H) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. ... Deuterium, also called heavy hydrogen, is a stable isotope of hydrogen with a natural abundance in the oceans of Earth of approximately one atom in 6500 of hydrogen (~154 PPM). ... The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ... Inertial confinement fusion using lasers rapidly progressed in the late 1970s and early 1980s from being able to deliver only a few joules of laser energy (per pulse) to a fusion target to being able to deliver tens of kilojoules to a target. ...


Microscopy

Confocal laser scanning microscopy and Two-photon excitation microscopy make use of lasers to obtain blur-free images of thick specimens at various depths. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM or LSCM) is a valuable tool for obtaining high resolution images and 3-D reconstructions. ... Two-photon excitation microscopy is a technique that allows imaging living tissue up to a depth of one millimeter. ...


Military

Military uses of lasers include applications such as target designation and ranging, defensive countermeasures, communications and directed energy weapons. There are many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications which have been developed since the invention of the laser in the 1958. ...


Defensive countermeasures

Defensive countermeasure applications can range from compact, low power infrared countermeasures to high power, airborne laser systems. IR countermeasure systems use lasers to confuse the seeker heads on heat-seeking anti-aircraft missiles. High power boost-phase intercept laser systems use a complex system of lasers to find, track and destroy intercontinental ballistic missiles. In this type of system a chemical laser, one in which the laser operation is powered by an energetic chemical reaction, is used as the main weapon beam (see Airborne Laser). The Mobile Tactical High-Energy Laser (MTHEL) is another defensive laser system under development; this is envisioned as a field-deployable weapon system able to track incoming artillery projectiles and cruise missiles by radar and destroy them with a powerful deuterium fluoride laser. A chemical laser is a laser that obtains its energy from a chemical reaction. ... The Airborne Laser (ABL) weapons system is designed to shoot down ballistic missiles in their boost stage. ... The Tactical High-Energy Laser, or THEL, is a laser developed for military use. ... Artillery with Gabion fortification Cannons on display at Fort Point Continental Artillery crew from the American Revolution Firing of an 18-pound gun, Louis-Philippe Crepin, (1772 – 1851) A forge-welded Iron Cannon in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. ... A Taurus KEPD 350 cruise missile of the Luftwaffe A cruise missile is a guided missile which uses a lifting wing and most often a jet propulsion system to allow sustained flight. ... This long range radar antenna, known as ALTAIR, is used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on the Kwajalein atoll. ... Hydrogen fluoride laser is an infrared chemical laser. ...


Another example of direct use of a laser as a defensive weapon was researched for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI, nicknamed "Star Wars"), and its successor programs. This project would use ground-based or space-based laser systems to destroy incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). The practical problems of using and aiming these systems were many; particularly the problem of destroying ICBMs at the most opportune moment, the boost phase just after launch. This would involve directing a laser through a large distance in the atmosphere, which, due to optical scattering and refraction, would bend and distort the laser beam, complicating the aiming of the laser and reducing its efficiency. The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. ... Star Wars is an epic science fantasy saga in the space opera genre and a fictional universe initially developed by George Lucas during the 1970s and expanded since that time. ... A Minuteman III ICBM test launch from Vandenberg AFB, California, United States. ... The straw seems to be broken, due to refraction of light as it emerges into the air. ...


Another idea to come from the SDI project was the nuclear-pumped X-ray laser. This was essentially an orbiting atomic bomb, surrounded by laser media in the form of glass rods; when the bomb exploded, the rods would be bombarded with highly-energetic gamma-ray photons, causing spontaneous and stimulated emission of X-ray photons in the atoms making up the rods. This would lead to optical amplification of the X-ray photons, producing an X-ray laser beam that would be minimally affected by atmospheric distortion and capable of destroying ICBMs in flight. The X-ray laser would be a strictly one-shot device, destroying itself on activation. Some initial tests of this concept were performed with underground nuclear testing, however, the results were not encouraging. Research into this approach to missile defense was discontinued after the SDI program was cancelled. The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ... In modern physics the photon is the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena. ... Spontaneous emission is the process by which a molecule in an excited state drops to the ground state, resulting in the creation of a photon. ... In optics, stimulated emission is the process by which, when perturbed by a photon, matter may lose energy resulting in the creation of another photon. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Underground nuclear testing refers to experiments with nuclear weapons that are performed underground. ...


The United States Air Force has experimented with using lasers combined with high-altitude airships as a potential means for a missile defense shield but also as a means to destroy enemy spacecraft or satellites in low-earth orbit. For more information, see Evolutionary Air and Space Global Laser Engagement. According to a 2005 report issued by the Pentagon, China is developing a laser that could blind low Earth orbit satellites.[1] The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare branch of the United States armed forces and one of the seven uniformed services. ... USS Akron (ZRS-4) in flight, November 2, 1931 An airship or dirigible is a buoyant lighter-than-air aircraft that can be steered and propelled through the air. ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 In the context of spaceflight, satellites are objects which have been placed into orbit by human endeavor. ... Two bodies with a slight difference in mass orbiting around a common barycenter. ... The Evolutionary Air and Space Global Laser Engagement (EAGLE) is a new plan being developed by the United States Air Force. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ...


Targeting

Ranging

Main article: Laser range-finder

A laser range-finder is a device consisting of a pulsed laser and a light detector. By measuring the time taken for light to reflect off a far object, and knowing the speed of light, the range to the object can be found. A laser rangefinder is thus a simple form of LIDAR. The distance to the target can then be used to aim a weapon such as a tank's main gun. A laser range-finder is a device which uses a laser beam in order to determine the distance to a reflective object. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...


Target designator

Main article: Laser designator
A target designator
A target designator

Another military use of lasers is as a laser target designator. This is a low-power laser pointer used to indicate a target for a precision-guided munition, typically launched from an aircraft. The guided munition adjusts its flight-path to home in to the laser light reflected by the target, enabling a great precision in aiming. The beam of the laser target designator is set to a pulse rate that matches that set on the guided munition to ensure munitions strike their designated targets and do not follow other laser beams which may be in use in the area. The laser designator can be shone onto the target by an aircraft or nearby infantry. Lasers used for this purpose are usually infrared lasers, so the enemy cannot easily detect the guiding laser light. A laser designator is a laser light source which illuminates a target. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 1920 pixel, file size: 1. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... BOLT-117 laser guided bomb Precision-guided munitions (smart munitions or smart bombs) are self-guiding weapons intended to maximize damage to the target while minimizing collateral damage. Because the damage effects of an explosive weapon scale as a power law with distance, quite modest improvements in accuracy (and hence... Image of two girls in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false-color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ...


Military/police applications

Laser sight

The laser has in most military applications been used as a tool to enhance the targeting of other weapon systems. For example, a laser sight is a small, usually visible-light laser placed on a handgun or rifle aligned to emit a beam parallel to the barrel. Since a laser beam typically has low divergence, the laser light appears as a small spot even at long distances; the user simply places the spot on the desired target and the barrel of the gun is aligned.


Most laser sights use a red laser diode while others use an infrared diode, which produced a dot invisible to the naked human eye, but would show up in night vision devices. In the late 1990s, green diode pumped solid state laser (DPSS) laser sights (532 nm) became available. Diode pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers are solid-state lasers made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymium-doped YAG crystal, with a laser diode. ...


Modern laser sights are so small that they can be installed below the barrel as part of the gun, instead of being a separate attachment. Some laser sights are integrated into a unit that replaces a pistol's guide rod, thus adding no bulk to the gun while others are built into the grip so that activation is automatic when the gun is held.


Eye-targeted lasers

A non-lethal laser weapon was developed by the U.S. Air Force to temporarily impair an adversary’s ability to fire a weapon or to otherwise threaten enemy forces. This unit illuminates an opponent with harmless low-power laser light and can have the effect of dazzling or disorienting the subject or causing them to flee. There remains the possibility of using lasers to blind, since this requires much lower power levels, and is easily achievable in a man portable unit. However, most nations regard the deliberate blinding of the enemy as forbidden by the rules of war (see Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons). The two parts of the laws of war (or Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)): Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war, like the Geneva Conventions, is called jus in bello; while law concerning allowable justifications for armed force is called jus ad bellum. ... // The Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons, Protocol IV of the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, was issued by the United Nations on 13 October 1995. ...


In addition to the applications that crossover with military applications, a widely known law enforcement use of lasers is for lidar to measure the speed of vehicles. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...


Medical

For other uses, see Tattoo (disambiguation). ... A birthmark, also known as a Naevus, is a blemish on the skin formed before birth. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dermatology (from Greek derma, skin) is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc). ... Ruby is a red gemstone. ... This article or section should be merged with chrysoberyl Alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl. ... General Name, Symbol, Number neodymium, Nd, 60 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white, yellowish tinge Standard atomic weight 144. ... General Name, Symbol, Number holmium, Ho, 67 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 164. ... General Name, Symbol, Number erbium, Er, 68 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 167. ... LASIK is the acronym for Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis, a type of refractive laser eye surgery performed by ophthalmologists for correcting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. ... This article or section should be merged with Photorefractive keratectomy LASEK, an acronym for Laser-Assisted Sub-Epithelial Keratectomy, is an eye surgery procedure intended to reduce a persons dependency on glasses or contact lenses. ... // Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and Laser-Assisted Sub-Epithelial Keratectomy (LASEK) are laser eye surgery procedures intended to correct a persons vision and reduce their dependency on glasses or contact lenses. ... A laser scalpel is a scalpel for surgery, cutting tissue by the energy of laser light. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... Photobiomodulation also called Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), Cold Laser Therapy, Laser Biostimulation, phototherapy or just Laser Therapy, in medicine and veterinary medicine, is one of many Laser applications. ... Acupuncture chart from Hua Shou (fl. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... Caries is a progressive destruction of any kind of bone structure, including the skull, the ribs and other bones. ... Endodontics is a sub-specialty of dentistry, that deals with the tooth pulp or dentine complex. ... Periodontitis, formerly known as Pyorrhea alveolaris, is the name of a collection of inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. ... Tooth bleaching, also known as tooth whitening, is a common procedure in general dentistry but most especially in the field of cosmetic dentistry. ... Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a specialty of dentistry. ... A laser scalpel is a scalpel for surgery, cutting tissue by the energy of laser light. ...

Industrial and commercial

Lasers used for visual effects during a musical performance. (A laser light show.)
Lasers used for visual effects during a musical performance. (A laser light show.)

In consumer electronics, telecommunications, and data communications, lasers are used as the transmitters in optical communications over optical fiber and free space. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 348 KB) Classical Specatular featured state of the art laser and lighting designed by Durham Marenghi Photo taken at ISO 1600 with no tripod File links The following pages link to this file: Laser Lighting ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1067, 348 KB) Classical Specatular featured state of the art laser and lighting designed by Durham Marenghi Photo taken at ISO 1600 with no tripod File links The following pages link to this file: Laser Lighting ... Copper Bromide laser in operation. ... Laser cutting is a technology which uses a laser to cut materials, and is usually used in industrial manufacturing. ... Laser peening is the process of hardening or peening metal using a powerful laser. ... Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ... A guidance system is a device or group of devices used to navigate a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or other craft. ... A ring laser gyroscope uses interference of laser light within a bulk optic ring to detect changes in orientation and spin. ... A rangefinder is an optical device that allows distance to be estimated or measured using triangulation, laser, radar, or other method. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A digital minilab is a computer printer that uses traditional chemical photographic processes to make prints of digital images. ... A typical barcode scanner. ... Laser engraving is the practice of using lasers to engrave or mark an object (it is also sometimes incorrectly described as etching, which involves the use of acid or a similar chemical). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Holography (from the Greek, όλος-hòlòs whole + γραφή-grafè writh) is the science of producing holograms; it is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. ... Photolithography is a process used in semiconductor device fabrication to transfer a pattern from a photomask (also called reticle) to the surface of a substrate. ... Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium. ... Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length by confining as much light as possible in a propagating form. ... Free-space optical communication involves the use of optical links across the space between two points, either within the Earths atmosphere, or in outer space. ... An optical tweezer is a scientific instrument that uses a focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force, depending on the index mismatch (typically on the order of piconewtons) to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects. ... In printed material In printed material, a subtitle is an explanatory or alternate title. ... For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as... Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ... A space elevator would consist of a cable anchored to the Earths surface, reaching into space. ... Climbers on Valkyrie at the Roaches. ... Experiment with a laser (US Military) In physics, a laser is a device that emits light through a specific mechanism for which the term laser is an acronym: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. ... Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than those of terahertz (THz) frequencies, but relatively short for radio waves. ... Moving energy from one place to another through empty space (or air) is called beaming. Beaming enough energy to run a machine (such as a vehicle) is called power beaming. ... A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (i. ... Typical consumer laser line level using spirit levels for three planes and including a digital stud sensor display. ... A ring laser gyroscope uses interference of laser light within a bulk optic ring to detect changes in orientation and spin. ... 1993 Apple LaserWriter Pro 630 laser printer A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. ... A laser diode is a laser where the active medium is a semiconductor p-n junction similar to that found in a light-emitting diode. ... A laser accelerometer comprises a frame having three orthogonal input axes and multiple proof masses, each proof mass having a predetermined blanking surface. ... Additive Manufacturing is the process of making a product by adding layers in a relatively efficient way, such that there is little waste or reduction of materials. ... Consumer electronics is a term used to describe the category of electronic equipment intended for everyday use by people, the consumers. ... Telecommunication involves the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... A computer network is a system for communication among two or more computers. ... Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium. ... Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length by confining as much light as possible in a propagating form. ... Free-space optical communication involves the use of optical links across the space between two points, either within the Earths atmosphere, or in outer space. ...

In computing, sound reproduction, and video, an optical disc is flat, circular, usually polycarbonate disc whereon data is stored. ... Copper Bromide laser in operation. ...

References

  1. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/space/2005-07-27-china-satellites_x.htm
  2. ^ http://www.cinetyp.com/subtitles.html

Images

Lasers were used in the 2005 Classical Spectacular concert Image:Laser effects. ...

A laser harp ImageMetadata File history File links Przestrzen_wolnosci_harfa_laserowa. ... Jarre playing the laser harp A laser harp is an electronic musical instrument consisting of several laser beams to be blocked, in analogy with the plucking of the strings of a harp, in order to produce sounds. ...

The surface of a test target is instantly vaporized and bursts into flame upon irradiation by a high power continuous wave carbon dioxide laser emitting tens of kilowatts of far infrared light. Note the operator is standing behind sheets of plexiglas, which is opaque in the far infrared. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1204x680, 228 KB) Summary continuous wave 50,000 watt carbon dioxide electric discharge coaxial laser [1]. Original caption: A sergeant operates a 15,000-watt laser. ... A test target is vaporized and bursts into flame upon irradiation by a high power continuous wave carbon dioxide laser emitting tens of kilowatts of infrared light. ... Image of two girls in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false-color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ... Structure of PMMA: (C5O2H8)n Structure of methyl methacrylate Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polymethyl-2-methylpropanoate is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate. ...

External links

  • The International Scientific Laboratory for Optical Diagnostics

 

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