A vessel (xebec) with three lateens

Dhow with lateen sail in "bad tack" with the sail pressing against the mast, in Mozambique.

A 17th Century woodcut of a triangular-sailed Bermudian vessel. It's raked masts were a development of the lateen.

A lateen (from a la trina, meaning triangular) is a triangular sail set on a long yardarm mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. Originally found on sailing ships, the lateen is used today in a slightly different form on small boats like the highly popular Sunfish. Image File history File links Rigging6. ... Image File history File links Rigging6. ... XEBEC is a subsidiary of the anime studio Production I.G. that specialises in the production of television anime. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 743 KB) Dhow ferrying passengers from Inhambane to Maxixe in Mozambique, taken in July 2006 by me —Steven G. Johnson. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 743 KB) Dhow ferrying passengers from Inhambane to Maxixe in Mozambique, taken in July 2006 by me —Steven G. Johnson. ... A Dhow near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 608 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (658 × 649 pixel, file size: 174 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This image was (or all images in this article or category were) uploaded in the JPEG format. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 608 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (658 × 649 pixel, file size: 174 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This image was (or all images in this article or category were) uploaded in the JPEG format. ... A gaff-rigged cutter flying a mainsail, staysail and genoa jib For other uses, see Sail (disambiguation). ... The fore royal yard on the Prince William. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... The Sunfish is a popular one-design class of sailboat which was developed in the 1950s. ...

History

According to some historians, the European lateen was copied from Arab mariners. They, in turn, had not invented this type of sail but perfected what they had encountered on the western coast of India (see, Ronald Watkins, Unknown Seas, p. 15).

See also "Dhows" by David Howarth; London, Quartet Books, 1977. A Dhow near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ...

The lateen rig is believed to have been in use for at least 2,000 years in its European history. It was first introduced by the Romans in the 3rd century, and later widely used by Byzantines and Arabs. It is quite common in the Mediterranean, the upper Nile, and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean, where it is the standard rig for feluccas and dhows. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Languages Arabic other languages (Arab minorities) Religions Predominantly Islam Some adherents of Druze, Judaism, Samaritan, Christianity Related ethnic groups Jews, Canaanites, other Semitic-speaking groups An Arab (Arabic: ); is a member of a Semitic group of people whose cultural, linguistic, and in certain cases, ancestral origins trace back to the... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ... For the fictional moon, see Felucca (Ultima). ... A Dhow near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ...

The lateen sail was independently invented in Polynesia. Carving from the ridgepole of a Māori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ...

Until the 14th century the lateen sail was employed primarily on the Mediterranean sea, while the Atlantic and Baltic vessels relied on square sails. The Northern European adoption of the lateen in the Late Middle Ages was a specialized sail that was one of the technological developments in shipbuilding that made ships more maneuverable, thus, in the historian's traditional progression, permitting merchants to sail out of the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic Ocean; caravels typically mounted three or more lateens. However, the great size of the lateen yardarm makes it difficult and dangerous to handle on large ships in stormy weather, and by the eighteenth century the lateen was restricted to the mizzen mast. In the early nineteenth century the lateen was replaced in European ships by the driver or spanker. Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Main-mast of a square-rigged ship, with all square sails set except the course. ... Dante by Michelino The Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th to 16th centuries (AD 1300–1500). ... Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Caravela Latina / Latin Caravel Caravela Redonda / Square-rigged Caravel A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable, two or three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for long voyages of exploration beginning in the 15th century. ... The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... A driver is a kind of sail used on some sailboats. ... A spanker is either of two kinds of sail. ...

However, the lateen survived as a rigging choice for mainsails of small craft where local conditions were favorable. For instance, bargelike vessels in the American maritimes north of Boston, called gundalows, carried lateen rigs throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Likewise, lateen sail survived at Baltic until the late 19th century. Because the yard pivots on its point of attachment to the mast, the entire sail and yard can be swiftly dropped. This was an advantage when navigating the tidal riverways of the region, which often required passage under bridges. Self propelled barge carrying bulk crushed stone A barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. ...

One of the disadvantages of the lateen, especially in the modern form described below, is the fact that it has a "bad tack". Since the sail is to the side of the mast, on one tack that puts the mast directly against the sail on the leeward side, where it can significantly interfere with the airflow over the sail. On the other tack the sail is pushed away from the mast, greatly reducing the interference. On modern lateens, with their typically shallower angles, this tends to disrupt the airflow over a larger area of the sail. Leeward is the side of a boat away from the direction where the wind is coming (i. ...

The lateen rig was also the ancestor of the Bermuda rig, by way of the Dutch bezaan rig. In the 16th Century, when Spain ruled the Netherlands, Moorish lateen rigs were introduced to Dutch boat builders who soon modified the design by omitting the mast and fastening the lower end of the yard directly to the deck, the yard becoming a raked mast with a full-length, triangular (leg-of-mutton) mainsail aft. Introduced to Bermuda early in the 17th Century, this developed into the Bermuda rig, which has been adopted almost universally for small sailing vessels. In sailing, a bermuda rig is: A rig of mainsail or course that consists of a triangular sail set aft of the mast, with its head raised to the top of the mast, its luff running down the mast and normally attached to it for all its length, its tack...

Modern small boat lateen sails

A Sunfish, which uses a modern lateen rig

The modern lateen differs from traditional lateens by the addition of a spar along the foot of the sail, similar to the crab claw sail traditionally used on the proa. The lower spar is horizontal, and is attached to the mast where it crosses. The front ends of both spars are joined together. Both joints are designed to allow free rotation in all directions. The sheet is attached to the lower spar, and the halyard to the upper spar. The geometry of the sail is such that the upper and lower spars are confined to a plane parallel to the mast. This results in the sail forming a conic section, identical to half of the Rogallo wing commonly found in kites and hang gliders. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 621 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1755 × 1695 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 621 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1755 × 1695 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Sunfish is a popular one-design class of sailboat which was developed in the 1950s. ... The crab claw sail or, as it is sometimes known, Oceanic lateen or Oceanic sprit, is a triangular sail with spars along upper and lower edges. ... R. M. Munroes 1898 proa A Proa is a multihull vessel consisting of two (usually) unequal parallel hulls, superficially similar to an outrigger canoe. ... Wikibooks has more on the topic of Conic section Types of conic sections Table of conics, Cyclopaedia, 1728 In mathematics, a conic section (or just conic) is a curve that can be formed by intersecting a cone (more precisely, a right circular conical surface) with a plane. ... The Rogallo wing (invented by and named for Francis Rogallo) is a simple, inexpensive flying wing with remarkable properties. ... Yokaichi Giant Kite Festival held on the fourth Sunday every May in Higashiomi, Shiga, Japan Kite flying is the activity of flying tethered man-made objects in wind. ... Hang gliding is one of the windsports. ...

The modern lateen is often used as a simple rig for catboats and other small recreational sailing craft. In its most basic form, it requires only two lines, a halyard and a sheet, making it very simple to operate. Often, additional lines are used to pull down the lower spar and provide tension along the upper and lower spars, providing greater control over the sail shape. The occupied boats are catboats, but with a mast and boom rig A catboat (alternate spelling: cat boat), or a cat-rigged sailboat, is a sailing vessel characterized by a single mast carried well forward (, near the front of the boat). ...

Since the upper and lower spars provide a frame for the sail, the camber of the sail is simply a function of how tightly the spars stretch the sail. This means that lateen sails are often cut flat, without the complex cutting and stitching required to provide camber in Bermuda rig sails. Curved edges, when mated with the straight spars, provide all or nearly all of the sail curvature needed. The camber in aerospace engineering is the asymmetry between the top and the bottom curves of an airfoil. ... In sailing, a bermuda rig is: A rig of mainsail or course that consists of a triangular sail set aft of the mast, with its head raised to the top of the mast, its luff running down the mast and normally attached to it for all its length, its tack...

A gaff-rigged cutter flying a mainsail, staysail and genoa jib For other uses, see Sail (disambiguation). ... This article is about the convenience store. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In sailing, a course sail is the principal sail on a mast. ... A driver is a kind of sail used on some sailboats. ... In sailing, an extra is a sail that is not part of the working sail plan. ... A genoa (pronounced like the city, or as jenny) is a type of large jib-sail used on bermuda rigged craft, commonly the single-masted sloop and twin-masted boats such as yawl and ketch. ... A gennaker is a downwind sail that can be described as a cross between a genoa and a spinnaker. ... A typical jib on a small yacht A jib is a triangular staysail set ahead of the foremost mast of a sailing boat. ... A mainsail is the most important sail raised from the main (or only) mast of a sailing vessel. ... A moonsail, sailing on the moon also known as a moonraker or hope-in-heaven, is a sail flown immediately above the skysail (see sail-plan) on the very top of the royal mast on large, square rigged sailing ships. ... A royal is a sail flown immediately above the topgallant, below the skysail on the royal mast on square rigged sailing ships. ... A spanker is either of two kinds of sail. ... It has been suggested that gennaker be merged into this article or section. ... A form of sailing rig mainly employed on the Thames Sailing Barge, which uses two similarly sized spars to form the framework for the sail area. ... A staysail is a fore-and-aft rigged sail whose luff is affixed to a stay running forward (and most often but not always downwards) from a mast to the deck, the bowsprit or to another mast. ... USS Monongahela with a full set of studding sails set A studding sail or studsail is a sail used to increase the sail area of a square rigged vessel in light winds. ... A spanker is either of two kinds of sail. ... On a square rigged sailing vessel, a topgallant sail is the square-rigged sail or sails immediately above the topsail or topsails. ... A topsail is a sail set above another sail; on square-rigged vessels further sails may be set above topsails. ... A small fore-and-aft sail hoisted abaft the foremast and mainmast in a storm to keep a ships bow to the wind. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... diagram showing the names of the parts of a sail The lower edge of a triangular sail is called the foot of the sail, while the upper point is known as the head. ... Polyethylene terephthalate (aka PET, PETE or the obsolete PETP or PET-P) is a thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family that produced by the chemical industry and is used in synthetic fibers; beverage, food and other liquid containers; thermoforming applications; and engineering resins often in combination with glass fiber. ... Chemical structure of Kevlar. ... Chemical structure of Kevlar. ... In sailing, a boom is a spar (pole) usually made of aluminum or wood, is connected to the foot of the mainsail and allows the crew to control the angle of the sail to the wind. ... Bowsprit of the Falls of Clyde, showing the dolphin striker, the use of chain for the bobstays, and three furled jibs. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... Gaff rig is a sailing rig in which the mainsail is a four-cornered fore-and-aft rigged sail controlled at its head by a spar called the gaff. ... First Navy Jack being raised on a jackstaff A jackstaff is a small vertical spar (pole) in the bow of a ship, on which a particular type of flag, know as a jack, is flown. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... Jury rigging (or jerry rigging) refers to makeshift repairs or substitutes, made with only the tools and materials that happen to be on hand. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... mizzen mast, mainmast and foremast Grand Turk The mast of a sailing ship is a tall vertical pole which supports the sails. ... A masthead truck is a nautical term for a wooden cap at the top of a mast, with holes in it through which halyards are passed. ... A spinnaker pole is a spar used in sailboats (both dinghys and yachts) to help support and control a variety of headsails, particularly the spinnaker. ... The fore royal yard on the Prince William. ... On a sailing vessel, a backstay is a piece of standing rigging which runs from the mast to the transom of the boat, counteracting the forestay and jib. ... In sailing, a block is a pulley or a number of pulleys enclosed in sheaves so as to be fixed to the end of a line or to a spar or surface. ... A boom vang is an item of rigging in a sail-powered vessel (usually small ones, but it is sometimes found on larger ones as well). ... The starboard main-brace and main-topsail-braces are clearly visible over the sea in this photo of the Prince Williams bridge and stern deck from her masthead. ... Clewlines and buntlines are lines used to handle the sails of a square rigged ship. ... A digram showing three cleats. ... A clevis pin is a type of fastener that will allow rotation of the connected parts about the axis of the pin. ... Clewlines and buntlines are lines used to handle the sails of a square rigged ship. ... In sailing, a cunningham or cunninghams eye is a type of downhaul used on a Bermuda rigged sailboat to change the shape of a sail. ... The downhaul is a line (or rope) which is part of the rigging on a sailboat; it applies downward force on a spar or sail. ... On a sailing vessel, a forestay is a piece of standing rigging which keeps a mast from falling backwards. ... A gasket holding the main-royal on a modern square-rigged training ship. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub ... A guy is a term for a line (rope) attached to and intended to control the end of a spar on a sailboat. ... In sailing, a halyard is a line (rope) that is used to hoist (pull up) a sail or a yard to which a sail has been attached (bent on). ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Parrell beads are an element of sailing rigging, usually deployed at the jaws of a gaff on a gaff rigged or gunter rigged craft A set of parrell beads is formed from small balls, size depending in the application, threaded on a piece of small line and secured with a... In sailing, the peak halyard (or peak for short) is a line that raises the end of a gaff further from the mast, as opposed to the throat halyard which raises the end nearer to the mast. ... A Preventer is a mechanical device on a sailing vessel which limits the booms ability to swing dangerously across the boat during an accidental gybe. ... Ratlines, pronounced rattlins, are lengths of thin line tied between the shrouds of a sailing ship to form a ladder. ... Running rigging is the term for the rigging of a sailing vessel that is used for raising, lowering and controlling the sails - as opposed to the standing rigging, which supports the mast and other spars. ... A shackle is a U-shaped piece of metal secured with a pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism. ... On a sailing boat, the standing rigging is that collection of lines which are fixed. ... In sailing, a sheet is a line (or rope) used to control the moveable corner(s) of a sail. ... On a sailboat, the shrouds are pieces of standing rigging which hold the mast up from side to side. ... On a sailing ship, stay mouse refers to the bulge in a part of the standing rigging called a stay. ... Stays are the heavy ropes on sailing vessels that run from the masts to the hull. ... In sailing, the throat halyard (or throat for short) is a line that raises the end of a gaff nearer to the mast, as opposed to the peak halyard which raises the end further from the mast. ... The topping lift (more rarely known as an uphaul) is a line which is part of the rigging on a sailboat; it applies upward force on a spar or boom. ... A 49er with both skipper and crew on the trapeze In Sailing, the trapeze refers to a wire that comes from a point high on the mast, usually where the shrouds are fixed, to a hook on the crew members harness at approximately waist level. ...

References

• The ship's development during the Middle Ages, see bottom of page for English translation
• PolySail Interntional instructions for building a Sunfish-like lateen sail
• [http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/journals/jwh/JWH061.html I. C. Campbell. "The Lateen Sail in World History", Journal of World History (University of Hawaii), 6.1 (Spring 1995), pp. 1-23
• "The Development of the Lateen Sail
• Björn Landström, "The Ship" (1961)