Flag of Hispanic Heritage. Motto: Justicia, Paz, Unión y Fraternidad ("Justice, Peace, Union and Fraternity").^{[citation needed]}

Latin nationalism, also known as latino/a nationalism, Hispanic nationalism and various other names, is the Latin form of ethnic nationalism. This type of nationalism, like its counterpart black nationalism, generally says it seeks to claim, or to reclaim, the overall social identity and culture of Latin people and provide them with a means to express collective self-determination. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... // Etymology The word Latino (feminine Latina) derives from Latin (the adjectives latinus, latina), originally referring to Latium, the area of Rome, by aitiology derived from a king of the name Latinus. ... Ethnic nationalism is the form of nationalism in which the state derives political legitimacy from historical cultural or hereditary groupings (ethnicities); the underlying assumption is that ethnicities should be politically distinct. ... Black nationalist flag // Black nationalism is an ethnic nationalism, a political and social movement arising in the 1960s and early 70s mostly among African Americans in the United States. ... Social identity is a theory formed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. ... The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... // Etymology The word Latino (feminine Latina) derives from Latin (the adjectives latinus, latina), originally referring to Latium, the area of Rome, by aitiology derived from a king of the name Latinus. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ...

Problems with Specific Labels

For purposes of clarity and the maintaining of as neutral a point of view as possible — including acknowledgement of the gender problems of designating all people of this ethnic grouping as Latino when the term Latina also exists — the term Latin (which should not be confused with the Latin language) will be used in this article. The shield and spear of the Roman god Mars are often used to represent the male sex. ... // Etymology The word Latino (feminine Latina) derives from Latin (the adjectives latinus, latina), originally referring to Latium, the area of Rome, by aitiology derived from a king of the name Latinus. ... Latina may refer to one of the following: The female gender of the noun Latino in reference to Latin-American immigrants and their descendants. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

The term Hispanic is the term most often used in the United States to refer to Spanish language-speaking Latin American people such as Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Ecuadorans, Cubans, and many others. In fact, the term encompasses a very diverse population, making efforts toward creating a pan-Hispanic social identity difficult. While in the United States "Hispanics" are often treated as a group apart from whites, blacks and other racial groups, "Hispanics" actually include people who do not identify with any of the aforementioned ethnic and/or national groupings, as well as including those identifying with other ethnic groups of entirely different origins, such as indigenous tribes. The problem with the overarching term "Hispanic" is that it sometimes results in overgeneralization that runs the risk of getting an observer that is uneducated in such matters in trouble. This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The ethnonym Mexican American is the usual term of self description for people with strong ties to both the United States of America and Mexico. ... Motto: Spanish: El Ecuador ha sido, es y será país Amazónico (English: Ecuador has been, is, and will always be an Amazonian country) Anthem: Salve, Oh Patria Capital Quito Largest city Guayaquil Official language(s) Spanish1 Government President Vice-President Alfredo Palacio Alejandro Serrano Independence From Spain 24... Social identity is a theory formed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination. ... A Hupa man, 1923 The term indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European explorers in the 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical peoples. ... This article is on the social structure. ...

Meanwhile, the word Latino is debated as to whether it is an appropriate label for the people living in the Americas outside of the United States and Canada. Controversy surrounds on the usage since it implies a mirroring of Europe Latin area (see Latin Europe) in the Americas, which never took place (aside of Portugal and Spain Latin Europe includes many other countries that have no role in Latin America). Moreover, in doing so, it has excluded millions of indigenous descendants, many of whom speak only a native language, that are very much grounded in what is called the Americas. Recently, Mexican-descent organizations such as the Mexica Movement have challenged the legitimacy of the newly-introduced term of "Latino" on the grounds of its non-applicability to people who are non-European. Since the term Latino refers to Latin Europe and its descendents, people of American indigenous descent are necessarily excluded from such a term. Latin Europe Blue: Countries where a Romance language is the national language Green: Countries where a Romance language is an official language Latin Europe (Italian/Portuguese/Spanish: Europa latina; Romanian: Europa latină; French: Europe latine) is composed of those nations and areas in Europe that speak a Romance language and... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... A Hupa man, 1923 The term indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European explorers in the 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical peoples. ... The Americas (sometimes referred to as America) is the area including the land mass located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, generally divided into North America and South America. ... The Mexica Movement is an activist organization based in Los Angeles, California, in the United States. ...

The term Chicano is offensive to some assimilated Mexican Americans, who prefer other terms such as Hispanic, Latino, or simply Mexican. Many Chicanos, in turn, find Mexican used alone as offensive because it overlooks their American and indigenous roots. Chicanos in Texas are also referred to as Tejanos, although Tejano simply means Texan. Some who do not find the masculine term Chicano acceptable to use as a plural, use the terms Chicano/a, or Chican@. The ethnonym Mexican-American describes United States citizens of Mexican ancestry (14 million in 2003) and Mexican citizens who reside in the US (10 million in 2003). ... The word masculine can refer to: the property of being biologically male masculinity, a traditionally male gender role the masculine grammatical gender This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

La Raza

La raza (Spanish for "The race") or La raza mexicana is a term which Mexicans commonly use to denote mestizo ancestry. Outside of Mexico, the term La Raza has also been adopted by members of other countries to recognize Hispanic heritage as one single race. "Día de la Raza" is widely celebrated across Hispano-America, including places as far as Puerto Rico, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Chile and Argentina. Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço; French, Métis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry. ...

In the U.S. Census, many Mexican-Americans or Chicanos described themselves as "some other race" to express mestizo pride. Being "la raza" or mestizo does not necessarily mean that the person is of mixed white and Amerindian ancestry, but it is usually used as an indication of racial or cultural pride (see identity politics). The terms "la raza cósmica" ("the universal race," coined by José Vasconcelos) and "la raza de bronce" ("the bronze race") are also sometimes used alternatively. There is also pan-Hispanic cultural flag in use in the entire Spanish sprachraum, although associated mostly with the Western Hemisphere. Chicanismo is a cultural movement begun in the 1930s in the Southwestern United States by Mexican Americans to recapture their Mexican, Native American culture, and the resulting Chicano Movement gives political voice to Chicano struggles. The term Caucasian race has in time acquired somewhat different meanings in different contexts. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Identity politics is the political activity of various social movements for self-determination. ... José Vasconcelos (Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 1882 – Mexico City, 1959) was a Mexican writer, thinker and politician. ... Bronze race (Spanish: raza de bronce) is a term used by early 20th century Latin American writers of the indigenista and americanista schools to refer to the mestizo race that arose in America with the arrival of European (particularly Spanish colonisers and their intermingling with the New Worlds indigenous... Sprachraum (the plural is Sprachräume) is a linguistics term used to designate an area where a language, dialect, group or family of languages is spoken. ... The geographical western hemisphere of Earth, highlighted in yellow. ... Chicanismo is a cultural movement by Mexican Americans to recapture their Mexican, Native American culture, which began in the 1930s in the Southwest United States. ... WikiProject Tasks This article has been identified by the members of WikiProject Mexican-Americans/Chicanos as the subject of a group collaboration, currently underway, with the goal of elevating it to Featured Article status. ...

Flag

While relatively unknown, there is a flag representing the countries of Hispanic America, its people, its history and its shared cultural legacy. Created in October of 1933 by Ángel Camblor, captain of the Uruguayan army, it was adopted by all the states of Latin America during La Conferencia Panamericana, The Pan-American Conference, held that same year in Montevideo, Uruguay. The white background stands for peace, the Inti (sun god in Inca mythology) symbolizes the light shining on the American continent, and the three crosses represent Christopher Columbus' caravels (the Niña, Pinta, and Santa María ships used in his first voyage from Spain to the New World in 1492). The lilac color of the crosses evokes the Castilian banner. 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The 9th Pan-American Conference was a summit held in Bogotá, Colombia in April, 1948 and led by General George C. Marshall, in which the Organization of American States was created. ... Montevideo Downtown and port, Montevideo Independence Plaza, c. ... In Inca mythology, Inti was the sun god, as well a patron deity of Tahuantinsuyu. ... A solar deity is a deity who represents the Sun. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Christopher Columbus (October 30, 1451? – 20 May 1506) was an explorer and trader, who crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Americas on October 12, 1492 under the flag of Castile. ... A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable, three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for long voyages of exploration beginning in the 15th century. ... The Niña, the Spanish word for little girl, was one of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. ... The Pinta (the Painted) was one of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. ... A replica of the Santa Maria The Santa María was the largest of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492. ... Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ... 1492 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Species About 20 species; see text. ... Castilian is a noun and adjective that refers to the region and former kingdom of Spain; in particular, it refers to the language of this region, and is therefore considered by many to be a synonym of Spanish, though with different nuances. ...

Organizations

Currently, the more well-known Latin nationalist organizations, at least in the United States, include Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán and the Watsonville Brown Berets. Less well-known groups include the Nation of Aztlan, the Boricua Popular Army and the Puerto Rican Independence Party. During the Civil Rights Movement the original Brown Berets and the Young Lords were the two chief Latin nationalist organizations in existence. Both claimed to be the equivalent of the Black Panther Party for their specific ethnic identities (Mexican and Puerto Rican, respectively). MEChA is an acronym for Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán (Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán), an organization that seeks to promote an awareness of Chicano history by education and political action. ... The Brown Berets are a grassroots youth organisation based in Watsonville, California. ... The Nation of Aztlan is a nationalist Hispanic organization located in California. ... Filiberto Ojeda Ríos The Boricua Popular Army — or Ejército Popular Boricua in Spanish — is a clandestine organization based on the island of Puerto Rico, with cells throughout the United States. ... The Puerto Rican Independence Party (Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño (PIP) in Spanish) is a Puerto Rican political party that campaigns for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States. ... Civil Rights Movement in the United States, political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African American and to achieve racial equality. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Young Lords (later Young Lords Organization, then Young Lords Party) was a Puerto Rican group in several United States cities, notably New York City and Chicago. ... Logo of the Black Panther Party. ...

In the 1970s the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional was infamous for orchestrating terrorist attacks in the United States in the name of Puerto Rican independence. The FALN gained prominence again when, on August 11, 1999, Bill Clinton commuted the sentences of 16 members of FALN that had set off bombs several times in New York City and Chicago, and that had been convicted for conspiracies to commit robbery, bomb-making, and sedition as well as for firearms and explosives violations. None of the 16 had ever been convicted of bombings or of any crime which injured another person, and all of the 16 had served 19 years or longer in prison, which was a longer sentence than such crimes typically received. Clinton offered clemency on condition that the prisoners renounce violence. The clemency offer was done at the request of ten Nobel Peace Prize laureates, including Jimmy Carter, the cardinal of New York, and the archbishop of Puerto Rico. The commutation was opposed, meanwhile, by U.S. Attorney's Office, the FBI, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and was criticized by, among others, former victims of FALN terrorist activities, the Fraternal Order of Police, members of the U.S. Congress, and Hillary Clinton during her campaign for Senator. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (Armed Forces of National Liberation, FALN) was a Puerto Rican clandestine terrorist group that advocated complete independence for Puerto Rico. ... A terrorist is one who promotes widespread feelings of overwhelming imminent danger in order to change the mindset of the general populous, usually for political purposes. ... ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... In Law, a commutation of sentence occurs when an executive head of government reduces a sentence for a criminal action. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... Chicago (officially named the City of Chicago) is the third largest city in the United States (after New York City and Los Angeles), with an official population of 2,896,016, as of the 2000 census. ... Sedition is a deprecated term of law to refer to non-overt conduct such as speech and organization that is deemed by the legal authority as tending toward insurrection against the established order. ... An assortment of modern handheld firearms using fixed ammunition, including military assault rifles, a sporting shotgun (fourth from bottom), and a tactical shotgun (third from bottom). ... A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it. ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... The word laureate or laureated has came in English to signify eminent, or associated with glory, literary or military. ... For the submarine, see USS Jimmy Carter (SSN-23). ... The word cardinal comes from the Latin cardo for hinge and usually refers to things of fundamental importance, as in cardinal rule or cardinal sins. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 27th 141,205 km² 455 km 530 km 13. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... United States Attorneys represent the U.S. federal government in United States district court. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The Federal Bureau of Prisons is a subdivision of the United States Department of Justice, and is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system. ... The Fraternal Order of Pigs is a fraternal organization for sworn police officers. ... The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ... Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947), was First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, as the wife of President Bill Clinton. ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ...

The Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (Armed Forces of National Liberation, FALN) was a Puerto Rican clandestine terrorist group that advocated complete independence for Puerto Rico. ...

Criticism

Those anti-nationalists who oppose identity politics generally criticize Latin nationalism in much the same way they oppose black nationalism and radical feminism. Anti-nationalism is the idea that nationalism is dangerous in one form or another, and sometimes, though less often, the idea that all nationalism is completely dangerous and wrong. ... Identity politics is the political activity of various social movements for self-determination. ... Black nationalist flag // Black nationalism is an ethnic nationalism, a political and social movement arising in the 1960s and early 70s mostly among African Americans in the United States. ... Radical feminism is a branch of feminism that views womens oppression (or patriarchy) as the basic evil upon which human relationships in society are arranged. ...

From the Radical Left of communism and some anarchism, criticism comes in the form of Latin nationalism being a threat to proletarian internationalism. From the right-wing this takes the form of it being acceptable for the self-identifying to occur in and of itself, but inappropriate for the group to expect an enumeration of "unprecedented rights" on account of that identity being established. Since the early 20th century, Radical Left has been used as an umbrella term to describe those on the political left who adhere explicitly and openly to revolutionary socialism, communism, or anarchism. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Anarchism is derived from the Greek αναρχία (without archons (ruler, chief, king)). Anarchism as a political philosophy, is the belief that rulers, governments, and hierarchal social relationships are unnecessary and should be abolished, although there are differing interpretations of what this means. ... This article is in need of attention. ... In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ...

See also

• Bronze race
• Inca Empire
• Mexican Empire
• Brazilian Empire
• Nationalism
• Pan-nationalism
• Pan-Americanism
• Black nationalism
• Identity politics