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Encyclopedia > Laudabiliter

In 1155, Pope Adrian IV issued a papal bull Laudabiliter giving the Norman King Henry II lordship over Ireland. Though it was mentioned by John of Salisbury, who was sent to Rome as an envoy to request it[1] and by Geraldus Cambrensis[2] the authenticity of its text became the subject of academic dispute in the nineteenth century;[3] As with many Church documents whose authenticity has never been questioned, the original document is no longer in existence:[4] when Cardinal Baronius published it as ex codice Vaticano the codex in question was a transcription of the chronicle of Matthew Paris.[5] only later copies exist. Ernest Henderson noted in 1896 that "in form and wording it differs from other papal bulls of the time" Pope Adrian IV (c. ... Norman conquests in red. ... Henry II of England 5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189), Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. ... John of Salisbury (c. ... Giraldus Cambrensis (Gerald of Wales) or Gerald De Barri, to give his Norman name, one of the greatest Welsh writers in Latin, was born at Manorbier, Pembrokeshire around 1146. ... Caesar Baronius (October 31, 1538— June 30, 1607), Italian cardinal and ecclesiastical historian, was born at Sora, and was educated at Veroli and Naples. ... Self portrait of Matthew Paris from the original manuscript of his Historia Anglorum (London, British Library, MS Royal 14. ...


The wording of the copy of the bull that has survived by implication reinforces a papal claim to England equally with Ireland, as an island: "There is indeed no doubt, as thy Highness doth also acknowledge, that Ireland and all other islands which Christ the Sun of Righteousness has illumined, and which have received the doctrines of the Christian faith, belong to the jurisdiction of St. Peter and of the holy Roman Church."


Henry invaded Ireland in 1171, using the papal bull to claim sovereignty over the island, and forced the Cambro-Norman warlords and some of the Gaelic Irish kings to accept him as their overlord. Events Saladin abolishes the Fatimid caliphate, restoring Sunni rule in Egypt. ... Cambro-Norman is a term used for Norman knights who settled in southern Wales after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. ... “Gael” redirects here. ... Irish Kings or monarchs ruled various kingdoms and territories in Ireland for much of her history. ...


If Laudabiliter was of questionable legality, Adrian's successor, Pope Alexander III reconfirmed the grant of Ireland to Henry in 1172, and Irish bishops at the Synod of Cashel, 2 February 1172, accepted the bull. In 1317 some Gaelic kings sent a remonstrance to the Pope asking for Laudabiliter to be revoked, following decades of Norman misrule, indicating that they and their dynasties considered it valid between 1172 and 1317. Pope Alexander III (c. ... Events Duke Richard of Aquitaine becomes Duke of Poitiers. ...


Henry awarded his Irish territories to his younger son John with the title Dominus Hiberniae ("Lord of Ireland"). When John unexpectedly succeeded his brother as John of England, the Lordship of Ireland fell directly under the English Crown. Ireland in the century prior to the Anglo-Norman invasion of 1169 is probably best described as a national kingdom lacking a settled monarchy, the kingship being disputed by three regional dynasties. ... This article is about the King of England. ... Coat of arms1 Capital Dublin Language(s) Norman French, Irish, Welsh, English Government Monarchy Lord of Ireland  - 1171-1189 Henry II  - 1509-1541 Henry VIII Lord Lieutenant  - 1528-1529 Piers Butler  - 1540–1548 Anthony St Leger Legislature Parliament of Ireland  - Upper house Irish House of Lords  - Lower house Irish House...


Notes

  1. ^ ad preces mea writes John in Metalogicus, noted by Kate Norgate, "The Bull Laudabiliter"The English Historical Review 8.29 (January 1893, pp. 18-52) p. 29.
  2. ^ Expugnatio Hibernica (1188), also noted by Norgate 1898:18.
  3. ^ With the publication in 1849 of an Apologia pro Hibernia adversus Cambri calumnias written about 1615 by an otherwise unknown Jesuit, Steven White. John Lynch, writing as "Gratianus Lucius", followed up the argument with Cambrensis Eversus. The nineteenth-century scholars who followed these leads were refuted in detail by Norgate.
  4. ^ Compare Unam sanctam.
  5. ^ Augustin Theiner, Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum Historiae, noted in Norgate 1898:20.

On November 18, 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued the Papal bull Unam sanctam (The One Holy), which historians consider one of the most extreme statements of Papal spiritual supremacy ever made. ... Augustin Theiner (b. ...

References

  • Selected Documents in Irish History, edited by Josef Lewis Altholz, M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 2000
  • Lyttleton, Life of Henry II., vol. v p. 371: text of Laudabiliter asa reprinted in Ernest F. Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (London : George Bell and Sons) 1896 with Henderson's note: "That a papal bull was dispatched to England about this time and concerning this matter is certain. That this was the actual bull sent is doubted by many".

  Results from FactBites:
 
Pope Adrian IV (3213 words)
If it is not an interpolation, it constitutes a complete proof of the Donation, the investiture by the ring being legally sufficient, and in fact the mode used in the case of the Isle of Man, as Boichorst points out.
His Bull, usually called Laudabiliter, does not purport to confer Hibernia "by hereditary right", but the letter referred to was not Laudabiliter, but a formal letter of investiture, such as was used in the case of Robert Guiscard in Italy, e.g.
The question of the genuineness of the passage in the Metalogicus, impugned by Cardinal Moran, W.B. Morris, and others, must be kept quite separate from the question of the genuineness of Laudabiliter, and it is mainly by mixing both together that the passage in the Metalogicus is assailed as a forgery.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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