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Encyclopedia > Lawrence, Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas
The Douglas County Courthouse anchors the south end of downtown Lawrence.
Location in Kansas
Coordinates: 38°57′36″N 95°15′12″W / 38.96, -95.25333
Country United States
State Kansas
County Douglas
Founded 1854
Government
 - Mayor Sue Hack
 - City manager Dave Corliss
Area
 - City  28.7 sq mi (74.3 km²)
 - Land  28.1 sq mi (72.8 km²)
 - Water  0.6 sq mi (1.5 km²)
Elevation  840 ft (256 m)
Population (2000)
 - City 80,098
 - Density 2,849.4/sq mi (1,100.2/km²)
 - Metro 99,962
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
Area code(s) 785
FIPS code 20-38900GR2
GNIS feature ID 0479145GR3
Website: www.lawrenceks.org

Lawrence is a river city in and the seat of Douglas County, Kansas, United States, 41 miles (66 km) west of Kansas City, along the banks of both the Kansas (Kaw) and Wakarusa Rivers. It is considered governmentally independent and is the principal city within the Lawrence, Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Douglas County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 80,098, making it the sixth largest city in Kansas. Lawrence is the home of the University of Kansas and Haskell Indian Nations University. Photo I shot of the county courthouse in Lawrence, Kansas File links The following pages link to this file: Lawrence, Kansas Categories: GFDL images ... Douglas County (standard abbreviation: DG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. ... In most counties in the United States the local trial courts conduct their business in a centrally located courthouse which may also house the offices of the county treasurer, clerk and recorder and assessor. ... Image File history File links Douglas_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lawrence_Highlighted. ... Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... This is a listing of counties in the U.S. state of Kansas. ... Douglas County (standard abbreviation: DG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. ... City Commission government is a form of municipal government that was once common in the United States, but has fallen out of favor, most cities formerly governed by Commission having switched to the Council-Manager form. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... To help compare sizes of different geographic regions, we list here areas between 10 km² (1000 hectares) and 100 km² (10,000 hectares). ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ...  CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ...  CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Area Code 785 is the area code for telephone exchanges in most of northern Kansas. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Douglas County (standard abbreviation: DG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. ... Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ... The Kansas River near De Soto Kaw River (map) looking southward from middle of Turner Diagonal bridge. ... The Wakarusa River is a tributary of the Kansas River, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in eastern Kansas in the United States. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas, which are organized around county boundaries. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... Haskell Indian Nations University is a four year degree granting university in Lawrence, Kansas which offers free tuition to members of registered Native American tribes in the United States. ...

Contents

History

Lawrence was founded in 1854 for the New England Emigrant Aid Company by Charles Robinson, who later served as governor of Kansas. The city was named after Amos Adams Lawrence, a prominent politician and antislavery partisan and the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence. An Anti-slavery group that helped finance the settlement of thousands of settlers who might vote to make Kansas a free territory via popular sovereignty. ... For other persons named Charles Robinson, see Charles Robinson (disambiguation). ... Amos Adams Lawrence was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1814, the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence. ... Merchant, born in Groton, Massachusetts, 22 April, 1786; died in Boston, Massachusetts, 31 December, 1852. ...


In the Bleeding Kansas era, Lawrence was a center of anti-slavery sentiment. On May 21, 1856, a pro-slavery posse led by Sheriff Samuel J. Jones burned the Free-State Hotel, destroyed the equipment of two anti-slavery newspapers, and looted several other businesses in an attack known as the sack of Lawrence; no loss of life was recorded. Abolitionist John Brown's nearby Pottawatomie Massacre is believed to have been a reaction to this event. On August 21, 1863, during the American Civil War, Confederate guerrillas led by William Quantrill burned most of the houses and commercial buildings in Lawrence and killed 150 to 200 of the men they found in the Lawrence Massacre. Of historical importance is KU's Pioneer Cemetery, perhaps best known for being the final resting place of Thomas Barber, a free-state settler, and Elmer McCollum, KU alumnus who is credited with discovering Vitamin A. James Naismith, the inventor of basketball, is buried in East Lawrence in Memorial Park Cemetery. Division of the states during the Civil War:  Union states  Union territories  Border states  Bleeding Kansas  The Confederacy  Confederate territories (not always held) Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving Free-Staters (anti-slavery) and pro... Slave redirects here. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Slave redirects here. ... Slave redirects here. ... In the summer of 1856, the Sacking of Lawrence helped ratchet up the guerrilla war in Kansas Territory that became known as Bleeding Kansas. ... John Brown, ca. ... The Pottawatomie massacre occurred during the night of May 24 to the morning of May 25, 1856. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion... Quantrills Raiders were a loosely organized force of pro-Confederate bushwhackers who fought under the leadership of William Clarke Quantrill. ... William Clark Quantrill of Quantrills Raiders William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865), was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders No Union commander William C. Quantrill Strength Lawrence Union Militia, Unknown number Redlegs, 21 U.S. soldiers 14th Kansas Infantry Regt, 20 2nd Kansas Colored Infantry Regt Quantrill’s Raiders and other guerrillas (400) Casualties 164 40 The Lawrence Massacre... Thomas Barber, was a free-state settler who was shot and died in Lawrence,Kansas during the so-called Wakarusa War. ... Associated with the discovery of Vitamin A, Elmer McCollum was a biochemist at the University of Wisconsin, who in 1913, along with colleague Marguerite Davis identified a fat-soluble nutrient in butterfat and cod liver oil[1]. McCollum and Davis research validated that of Thomas Osborne and Lafayette Mendel, then... Vitamin A is an essential human nutrient. ... James A. Naismith, B.A., M.A., M.D., D.D, (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was the inventor of the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. ...


The University of Kansas was founded in Lawrence in 1865 by the citizens of Lawrence under a charter granted by the Kansas Legislature, with the donation of 40 acres (160,000 m²) of land on Mount Oread by former Kansas Governor Charles Robinson and his wife, Sara, and a small monetary gift from Amos Adams Lawrence. As a college town, Lawrence is known for its liberal philosophy and distinctive culture. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... The Kansas Legislature meet at the State Capitol in Topeka. ... The Governor of Kansas holds the supreme executive power of the State as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. ... For other persons named Charles Robinson, see Charles Robinson (disambiguation). ... Amos Adams Lawrence was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1814, the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence. ...


Lawrence also holds the distinction of having been the site of operation for the state's first railroad in 1871 and the city where the state's first telephone was installed in 1877. In 1989, when the Free State Brewing Co. opened in Lawrence, it was the first legal brewery in Kansas in more than 100 years. The restaurant is in a renovated inter-urban trolley station in downtown Lawrence. The city is home to the state's only hydro-electric plant. “railroads” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... Hydroelectricity is electricity produced by hydropower. ...


In the early 1980s Lawrence grabbed national and later world attention because of the television movie The Day After. The TV movie first appeared on ABC but was later shown in movie theaters around the world. The movie depicted what would happen to average Americans, particularly those living in Lawrence and surrounding communities, if the United States was destroyed in a nuclear war. The movie was filmed in Lawrence with help from many people in the community. The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... A television movie (also TV movie, TV-movie, made-for-TV movie, etc. ... This article is about the 1983 TV movie about nuclear war. ... The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... Nuclear War is a card game designed by Douglas Malewicki, and originally published in 1966. ...


Geography

Lawrence is situated at 38°57′36″N, 95°15′12″W (38.959902, -95.253199)GR1.


This is about 41 miles (66 km) west of Kansas City, and about 20 miles (30 km) east of Topeka. Kansas City satellite map The Kansas City Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan area situated at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers (Kaw Point) and straddling the state border between Missouri and Kansas. ... This article is about the state capital of Kansas. ...


According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 74.3 km² (28.7 mi²). 72.8 km² (28.1 mi²) of it is land and 1.5 km² (0.6 mi²) is water, including Potter Lake on the KU campus. The total area is 2.06% water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...


Google Earth, software that allows the user to "fly" over the surface of the earth, mapped with high-quality satellite photography and accurate topographical data, has a default position when started up that is centered exactly on the city of Lawrence (specifically on Meadowbrook Apartments, lying between Compton Square and Regency Place). This may be verified by running the software and zooming in from the default start position without rotating the virtual globe at all. This location was set by Brian McClendon, a 1986 graduate of the University of Kansas and director of engineering for GoogleEarth.[1] Google Earth is a virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole, Inc. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ...


Climate

Over the course of a year, temperatures range from an average low of almost 20°F in January to an average high above 90°F in July. The high temperature reaches 90°F an average of 49 days a year and reaches 100°F an average of five days a year. The minimum temperature falls below the freezing point (32°F) an average of 96 days a year. Typically the first fall freeze occurs between mid-October and the second week of November, and the last spring freeze occurs between the last week of March and the third week of April.


The area receives nearly 40 inches of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received in May and June; the April-to–June period averages 32 days of measurable precipitation. During a typical year the total amount of precipitation may be anywhere from 27 to 54 inches. There are on average 100 days of measurable precipitation each year. Winter snowfall averages almost 18 inches, but the median is less than 10 inches. Measurable snowfall occurs an average of 10 days a year with at least an inch of snow being received on six of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 18 days a year.

Source: Monthly Station Climate Summaries, 1971-2000, U.S. National Climatic Data Center
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Temperatures (°F)
Mean high 39.2 45.6 57.2 67.6 76.6 85.3 90.6 89.4 81.3 70.1 54.2 42.4 66.6
Mean low 20.5 25.9 35.4 45.7 55.6 64.8 69.7 67.9 59.4 48.3 35.6 25.0 46.2
Highest recorded 72
(1967)
82
(1972)
90
(1946)
94
(1989)
98
(1956)
107
(1980)
111
(1954)
107
(1984)
108
(1947)
98
(1939)
84
(1980)
76
(1939)
111
(1954)
Lowest recorded −18
(1947)
−11
(1996)
−7
(1978)
13
(1975)
30
(1944)
44
(1945)
51
(1972)
42
(1956)
31
(1942)
20
(1993)
2
(1986)
−21
(1989)
−21
(1989)
Precipitation (inches)
Median 1.14 1.15 2.33 3.03 5.54 4.41 2.70 3.09 3.62 2.90 2.32 1.56 37.69
Mean number of days 6.4 6.2 8.8 10.3 12.0 9.5 8.6 8.4 8.5 7.7 7.5 6.1 100.0
Highest monthly 3.49
(1979)
2.71
(1997)
10.54
(1973)
8.93
(1999)
11.54
(1995)
14.35
(1977)
18.30
(1993)
10.94
(1996)
12.85
(1973)
10.11
(1998)
6.21
(1998)
4.77
(1971)
Snowfall (inches)
Median 3.8 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.7 9.6
Mean number of days 2.9 2.6 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 2.4 10.1
Highest monthly 21.9
(1985)
17.5
(1978)
7.5
(1975)
4.5
(1983)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0
(1996)
8.0
(1975)
10.6
(1973)
Notes: Temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit. Precipitation includes rain and melted snow or sleet in inches; median values are provided for precipitation and snowfall because mean averages may be misleading. Mean and median values are for the 30-year period 1971–2000; temperature extremes are for the station's period of record (1939–2001). The station is located in Lawrence at 38°58′N 95°16′W, elevation 980 feet.

For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... This article is about precipitation. ... Snow is a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. ... Sleet is a term used in a variety of ways to describe precipitation intermediate between rain and snow but distinct from hail. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... In probability theory and statistics, a median is a type of average that is described as the number dividing the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. ... In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean (or simply the mean) of a list of numbers is the sum of all the members of the list divided by the number of items in the list. ...

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1860 1,645
1870 8,320 405.8%
1880 8,510 2.3%
1890 9,997 17.5%
1900 10,862 8.7%
1910 12,374 13.9%
1920 12,456 0.7%
1930 13,726 10.2%
1940 14,390 4.8%
1950 23,351 62.3%
1960 32,858 40.7%
1970 45,698 39.1%
1980 52,738 15.4%
1990 65,608 24.4%
2000 80,098 22.1%

As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 80,098 people, 31,388 households, and 15,725 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,100.2/km² (2,849.4/mi²). There were 32,761 housing units at an average density of 450.0/km² (1,165.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.80% White, 5.09% African American, 2.93% Native American, 3.78% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.36% from other races, and 2.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.65% of the population. 23.8% were of German, 10.6% English, 10.1% Irish and 7.1% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 91.0% spoke English, 2.9% Spanish and 1.0% Chinese or Mandarin as their first language. The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Ninth United States Census was taken in 1870. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twetieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,542,199, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... The United States 2000 Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ...


Of the 31,388 households, 25.1% included children under the age of 18, 38.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.9% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.93. Marriage is an interpersonal relationship with governmental, social, or religious recognition, usually intimate and sexual, and often created as a contract, or through civil process. ...


In the city the population was spread out with 18.6% under the age of 18, 30.7% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.2 males.


The median income for a household in the city was $34,669, and the median income for a family was $51,545. Males had a median income of $33,481 versus $27,436 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,378. About 7.3% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...


Politics and culture

While Kansas may be a heavily Republican state, Lawrence is reliably Democratic. Douglas County, where Lawrence is situated, was one of only two counties in Kansas whose majority voted for John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election. Douglas County has supported the Democratic candidate the past four presidential elections. Currently, Lawrence is served by both the 2nd and 3rd U.S. Congressional Districts of Kansas. Before reapportionment in 2002, Lawrence sat entirely within the third district. Douglas County was the only county in the state to reject the amendment to the Kansas Constitution prohibiting both gay marriage and civil unions in April 2005. (The vote against the amendment was primarily in the city of Lawrence; outside the city, the amendment carried in the rest of Douglas County.) Lawrence has an active chapter of the Kansas Equality Coalition, which persuaded the city commission to approve a domestic partner registry on May 22, 2007. The registry, which took effect Aug. 1, provides unmarried couples -- both same-sex and other-sex -- some recognition by the city for legal purposes. At the request of the city commission, the Kansas Attorney General reviewed the ordinance before it was enacted; he concluded that the ordinance did not violate the state constitutional ban on same-sex marriage and recommended that the registry be available only to Lawrence residents. Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the junior United States Senator from Massachusetts, in his fourth term of office. ... The 2004 Presidential election may refer to: The Afghan presidential election The Algerian presidential election The Austrian presidential election The Dominican presidential election The Georgia presidential election The Icelandic presidential election The Irish presidential election The Macedonian presidential election The Panamanian presidential election The Philippine presidential election The Republic of... District 2 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a congressional district covering most of eastern Kansas. ... District 3 for the United States House of Representatives in the state of Kansas is a congressional district in eastern Kansas. ... Same-sex marriage is marriage between individuals who are of the same legal or biological sex. ... A civil union is one of several terms for a civil status similar to marriage, typically created for the purposes of allowing homosexual couples access to the benefits enjoyed by married heterosexuals (see also same-sex marriage); it can also be used by couples of differing sexes who do not... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General is the main legal adviser to the government, and in some jurisdictions may in addition have executive responsibility for law enforcement or responsibility for public prosecutions. ...


Lawrence also features the customary staples of college-town liberalism, such as a radical library and infoshop, two microbreweries, a half dozen locally owned coffeehouses, and a law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The city is known for a thriving music and art scene; Rolling Stone named Lawrence one of the "best lil' college towns" in the country in its August 11, 2005, issue. They had previously named the local commercial radio station, KLZR 105.9 FM, as one of a top ten "Stations that Didn't Suck" in 1998. The station, which was independently owned at that time, was soon after sold to corporate buyers and the format changed to Top 40. KJHK 90.7 FM, the University of Kansas's student-run radio station, is a staple of the local music scene. It won a CMJ award in 2006 for "most improved station" and was nominated for a Plug Award for best college radio station in 2007.The New York Times said Lawrence had "the most vital music scene between Chicago and Denver" in a travel column on February 25, 2005. An infoshop is a storefront or community space that serves as a node for the distribution of anarchist information, typically in the form of books, zines, stickers and posters. ... Beer barrels outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England. ... This article is about the magazine. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Top 40 is a radio format based on frequent repetition of songs from a constantly-updated list of the forty best-selling singles. ... KJHK 90. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


The Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival is a four-day weekend music festival held annually in early June just outside Lawrence at Clinton State Park. After its inception in 2004, the festival had grown dramatically by 2006, with almost 60,000 tickets sold, while developing a nationwide following that accounted for 80% of ticket sales. The festival is known for an eclectic mix of music, featuring artists like The Flaming Lips, Wilco, STS9, Medeski, Martin and Wood, Neko Case, and Widespread Panic, to name a few. The event is kept smaller than other festivals such as Bonnaroo by an agreement with the state.[1] Activities other than music include disc golf, yoga, hiking, and swimming in Clinton Lake. Wakarusa Music and Camping Festival is a four-day weekend music festival held annually in early June just outside of Lawrence, Kansas at Clinton State Park. ... A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday. ... Clinton State Park is a state park of Kansas in the United States. ... The Flaming Lips (formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1983) are an American alternative rock band. ... This article is about the music group. ... STS9 (Sound Tribe Sector 9) is an instrumental dance music band who are known for their live performances. ... ... Neko Case (IPA pronunciation: )[1] (born September 8, 1970 in Alexandria, Virginia) is an American singer-songwriter, best known for her solo career and as a member of The New Pornographers. ... Widespread Panic is a southern rock band from Athens, Georgia. ... ... A player putting at Cass Benton Disc Golf Course; Northville, Michigan. ... For other uses, see Yoga (disambiguation). ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... Swimmer redirects here. ... Clinton Lake Clinton Lake is a man-made lake on the western edge of Lawrence, Kansas. ...


In recent years the North vs. South Music Festival has become a staple of the music scene. Held each August to coincide with the anniversary of Quantrill's Raid, North vs. South is billed as a friendly reenactment of that famous Civil War battle and features upward of four dozen independent rock bands hailing mostly from Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Austin, Texas.


Each May, Lawrence hosts its annual "Art in the Park" festival in South Park.


Lawrence's culture isn't just political activism and the arts; the town is famous for the University of Kansas's athletic teams as well. The high-ranked Kansas Jayhawks basketball team is closely followed by many residents during the winter. The football team has reached bowl eligibility in three of the last four years. The sports teams at the University of Kansas are known as the Jayhawks. ...


Education

Universities

The University of Kansas is the largest public university in the state with a total enrollment of under 30,000 including the Medical Center. It has over 170 fields of study and the nationally known Kansas Jayhawks athletics programs. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... The sports teams at the University of Kansas are known as the Jayhawks. ...


Haskell Indian Nations University offers free tuition to members of registered Native American tribes. It has an average enrollment of more than 1,000 students representing all 50 states and 150 tribes. Haskell is the home of the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame and the Haskell Cultural Center. Haskell Indian Nations University is a four year degree granting university in Lawrence, Kansas which offers free tuition to members of registered Native American tribes in the United States. ...


K-12 schools

The Lawrence Public Schools USD 497 system includes sixteen public grade schools, four junior high schools, and two high schools: Lawrence High School and Lawrence Free State High School. The athletic teams of the former are nicknamed the Chesty Lions, and those of the latter are the Firebirds. Both schools are Class 6A in enrollment size, and Lawrence High School leads the State of Kansas in most state championships won, with 102 championships. The Lawrence High School football team also leads the nation with most undefeated seasons at 31, though all of these occurred before Free State High School came into existence. The junior highs are Central, South, West, and Southwest. Private high schools include Bishop Seabury Academy, which is affiliated with the Episcopal Church, and the non-denominational Veritas Christian School. There is also St. John Catholic School, which teaches grades 1 through 6 and is funded by the Catholic communities of Lawrence. Raintree Montessori School is a secular private school which teaches preschool through grade 6. The Prairie Moon School is a Waldorf school near Lawrence. Middle school (also known as intermediate school or junior high school) covers a period of education that straddles primary/elementary education and secondary education, serving as a bridge between the two. ... // Bishop Seabury Academy is a private, co-educational, Episcopal junior high and high school (grades 7-12) in Lawrence, Kansas. ... A Waldorf classroom in Witten-Annen, Germany Waldorf education (also known as Steiner or Steiner-Waldorf education) is a pedagogical movement based upon the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy. ...


Transportation

  • "KU On Wheels" University Bus System

Other information Code LRC Traffic Passengers (2006) 3,244 3. ...

Sites of interest

Downtown Lawrence, in particular Massachusetts Street, has a lively atmosphere and is filled with restaurants, bars, galleries, shops and music venues. Bowersock Dam provides hydropower to riverfront businesses like the Lawrence Journal-World. Undershot water wheels on the Orontes River in Hama, Syria Saint Anthony Falls Hydropower is the capture of the energy of moving water for some useful purpose. ... The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas by The World Company. ...


The University of Kansas campus is home to many museums, including the KU Natural History Museum [2] and the Spencer Museum of Art [3]. The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics houses various artifacts from the life of the former Kansas Senator. Another site of interest is the Lawrence Arts Center. It has daytime activities, organized plays and acts, and an art gallery filled with artwork created by the townspeople. Artwork, theater, and other related activities are some of the biggest parts of Lawrence. The KU Natural History Museum (University of Kansas Natural History Museum) is located on the University of Kansas Main Campus in Lawrence, KS, on Jayhawk Boulevard, between the Kansas Union and Bailey Hall. ... The Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, or SMA, is an art museum on the campus of University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. ... Bob Dole Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) is best known as a former Republican United States Senate Majority Leader and Senator from Kansas. ...


Clinton Lake is approximately three miles (5 km) southwest of Lawrence and has areas for boating, swimming, fishing, and camping. Clinton Lake Clinton Lake is a man-made lake on the western edge of Lawrence, Kansas. ...


There are a variety of mountain biking venues, including the trails at Clinton Lake, and the river trails by the Kansas River. The Kansas River near De Soto Kaw River (map) looking southward from middle of Turner Diagonal bridge. ...


Trivia

  • Poet, author, and counterculture figure William S. Burroughs moved to Lawrence in 1983 and died there at age 83, from complications following a heart attack, on August 2, 1997.
  • Writer, editor and early Oscar Wilde biographer Frank Harris worked as a cowboy in the Lawrence area and attended KU during the 1870s. His experiences in Lawrence are described in his books "My Reminiscences as a Cowboy" and "My Life and Loves."
  • Home to the Gaslight Tavern.
  • In the 1983 TV movie The Day After, Lawrence was ravaged by fallout from detonations of nearby Soviet nuclear bombs, including one which destroyed Kansas City, Missouri. Lawrence was also destroyed in the 2006 TV Series Jericho.
  • Colleen McMurphy, a character in the cult TV series China Beach, hailed from Lawrence.
  • From 1947 until 1981, Lawrence was the location of the Centron Corporation, one of the major industrial and educational film production companies in the United States at the time. The studio was founded by two University of Kansas graduates and employed university students and faculty members as advisers and actors. Also, many talented local and area filmmakers were given their first chances to make movies with Centron, and some stayed for decades. Others went on to successful careers in Hollywood. One of these local residents, Herk Harvey, was employed by Centron as a director for 35 years and in the middle of his tenure there he made a full-length theatrical film, Carnival of Souls, a horror cult film shot mostly in Lawrence and released in 1962. The Centron Corporation soundstage and residing building is now called Oldfather Studios and houses the University of Kansas film program.
  • A scene from Where Pigeons Go To Die, a movie directed by Michael Landon, was shot in the 1300 block of Massachusetts Street.
  • There are three separate tunnel systems underneath Massachusetts Street, as well as an extensive steam-tunnel network underneath the University of Kansas, which includes tunnels designed as nuclear attack shelters.
  • The inventor of basketball, James Naismith, was the first basketball coach at the University of Kansas and was the only KU coach with a losing record.
  • In the television show Supernatural, the main characters were born in Lawrence; several scenes from the pilot (and one whole episode) were set in Lawrence.
  • Lawrence's Mount Oread is named after Oread Seminary in Worcester, which was founded by the organization that sent the city's first settlers.[2]
  • The unincorporated area of Stull, Kansas, which lies just west of Lawrence across Clinton Lake, contains a cemetery that a popular local urban legend claims is a "gateway to hell." In 2002, a church that stood next to the cemetery was torn down after years of abandonment.[4]
  • Well-known singer-songwriter Josh Ritter wrote a song called "Lawrence, Kansas."
  • Some exterior shots for the CBS series Jericho were filmed in Lawrence. [5] In the seventh episode of the series, it is mentioned that Lawrence was destroyed by a nuclear blast.
  • The default Google Earth view is centered on the Meadowbrook apartment complex in Lawrence, because the developer of the software lived in that complex as a child.


Places of interest include Haskell Indian Nations University. The campus can be accessed from 23rd Street and Barker Avenue. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914) - August 2, 1997; pronounced ), more commonly known as William S. Burroughs, was an American novelist, essayist, social critic, painter and spoken word performer. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... The Gaslight Tavern [1] operates in north Lawrence, Kansas as a bar and coffeehouse [2] and offers live entertainment on a regular basis. ... This article is about the 1983 TV movie about nuclear war. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter A nuclear weapon derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions of fusion or fission. ... Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ... This article is about the CBS television drama. ... Colleen McMurphy was a central character from the ABC television series China Beach, played by Dana Delany. ... China Beach was the name of an American dramatic television series, and it is the name of at least two beaches in the world: one in Vietnam and the other in San Francisco, California. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... ... Harold A. Herk Harvey (June 3, 1924 – April 3, 1996), was an American film director. ... Carnival of Souls is a horror cult film released in 1962. ... “Horror Movie” redirects here. ... A cult film is a film that has acquired a highly devoted but relatively small group of fans. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Michael Landon (October 31, 1936 – July 1, 1991) was an American actor, singer, producer, and director, who starred in three popular NBC TV series that spanned three decades. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... James A. Naismith, B.A., M.A., M.D., D.D, (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was the inventor of the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... This article is about the US TV series. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government  - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E  - City Manager Michael V. OBrien  - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes  - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Clinton Lake Clinton Lake is a man-made lake on the western edge of Lawrence, Kansas. ... Castle Ashby Graveyard Northamptonshire A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. ... An urban legend or urban myth is similar to a modern folklore consisting of stories often thought to be factual by those circulating them. ... For other uses, see Hell (disambiguation). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Josh Ritter is an American singer-songwriter born in Moscow, Idaho in 1976. ... This article is about the CBS television drama. ... Long Live the Mayor is the seventh episode of season one of the fictional CBS drama Jericho. ... Google Earth is a virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole, Inc. ...


Sister cities

Lawrence has two sister cities through Sister Cities International: This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the different concept of physically neighbouring cities. ... Sister Cities International is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering town twinning, especially between a city in the United States and a city in another country. ...

Lawrence has one sister city through "US-El Salvador Sister Cities": Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Eutin Eutin is the district capital of Ostholstein located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Hiratsuka (平塚市 Hiratsuka-shi) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan. ... This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the different concept of physically neighbouring cities. ...

Image File history File links Flag_of_El_Salvador. ...

Notable natives and residents

This is a list of notable natives and residents who were born or spent important time in the City of Lawrence, Kansas. ...

Media outlets

Internet Providors
  • Sunflower Broadband
Broadcast television
Broadcast radio
  • KANU 91.5 FM, National Public Radio station, owned and operated by the University of Kansas
  • KJHK 90.7 FM, college radio, owned and operated by the University of Kansas
  • KLZR 105.9 FM, commercial radio station, owned by Great Plains Media
  • KLWN 1320 AM, commercial radio station, owned by Great Plains Media
  • KMXN 92.9 FM, commercial radio station, owned by Great Plains Media
Newspapers
  • The University Daily Kansan, the independent student newspaper of the University of Kansas.
  • The Lawrence Journal-World, the local daily newspaper.
  • The Lawrencian, monthly alternative newspaper

KUJH-LP channel 14, KUJH-TV, is an independent television station owned and operated by the University of Kansas. ... An independent station is a television station that is not affiliated with any network. ... The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU) is an institution of higher learning in Lawrence, Kansas. ... KMCI Channel 38 (38 The Spot) is an independent station serving the Kansas City television market. ... Nickname: Location in Jackson, Clay, Platte, and Cass Counties in the state of Missouri. ... KANU-FM operates on 91. ... NPR redirects here. ... KJHK 90. ... Campus radio (also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Commercial broadcasting - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... History Of KLWN: On the morning of February 22, 1951, four years after WREN left Lawrence for Topeka, Arden Booth, who formerly worked for WREN, said to the city of Lawrence, “Good Morning. ... The University Daily Kansan is a student newspaper serving the University of Kansas. ... The Lawrence Journal-World is a daily newspaper published in Lawrence, Kansas by The World Company. ...

See also

map of Kansas Territory Kansas Territory was an organized territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854 to January 29, 1861, when Kansas became the 34th U.S. state admitted to the Union. ... In 1827, Colonel Henry Leavenworth established a post on the bluffs overlooking the western bank of the Missouri River to protect the fur trade, safeguard commerce on the Santa Fe Trail and maintain the peace among the inhabitants. ... The Kansas River near De Soto Kaw River (map) looking southward from middle of Turner Diagonal bridge. ... The Ox Team or the Old Oregon Trail 1852-1906 by Ezra Meeker. ... Main route of California Trail (thick red line), including Applegate-Lassen and Beckwourth variations (thinner red lines) The California Trail was a major overland emigrant route across the Western United States from Missouri to California in the middle 19th century. ... The History of Kansas City of Missouri and Kansas (and surrounding communities) dates back to the 1800s. ...

External links

Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...

General

6 News Lawrence is an independent local television station based in Lawrence, Kansas. ...

History

Maps

Coordinates: 38.959902° N 95.253199° W Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...


References

  1. ^ "Wakarusa Officials Reflect On Event", Lawrence Journal-World, 2005-06-24. Retrieved on 2007-04-08. 
  2. ^ Mount Oread’s name precedes that of city, Lawrence Journal-World, 2004-09-13. Accessed 2007-09-26.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Lawrence, Kansas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2316 words)
Lawrence is a river city in Douglas County, Kansas, 41 miles (66 km) west by south of Kansas City, along the banks of both the Kaw and Wakarusa Rivers.
Lawrence is the county seat of Douglas County, and is the home of the University of Kansas and Haskell Indian Nations University.
Lawrence was founded in 1854 for the New England Emigrant Aid Company, by Charles Robinson, who later served as governor of Kansas, and named after Amos Adams Lawrence, a prominent politician and abolitionist and the son of famed philanthropist Amos Lawrence.
Dozen Distinctive Destinations | Lawrence, Kansas (387 words)
Lawrence, Kansas, (population 65,000) is a lively city known for its rich cultural arts scene, university life, and dedication to downtown preservation.
Founded in 1854 in eastern Kansas by abolitionists, Lawrence was an important stop on the Underground Railroad and the site of a famous fiery Civil War episode called Quantrill’s Raid, when raiders sacked and burned the town in 1863.
Lawrence has been rated 15th on a list of "the 100 best small art towns in America", and ranks 12th among the cities with the largest percentage of artists living and working in their communities.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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