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Encyclopedia > Lawrence of Rome
Saint Lawrence

Born 225, Osca, Hispania
Died August 10, 258, Rome
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church
Major shrine Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura in Rome
Feast August 10
Attributes Usually holding a gridiron[1] and wearing a dalmatic[2]
Patronage Rome, Birgu (Malta), Huesca (Spain), San Lawrenz (Gozo), Canada, Sri Lanka, comedians, librarians, students, tanners, chefs[3]
Saints Portal

For other uses of Saint Lawrence, see Saint Lawrence (disambiguation) Download high resolution version (570x800, 203 KB) ©  This image is copyrighted. ... Huesca (Aragonese Uesca, Catalan Osca) is a city in Aragon, Spain. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Sun Xiu succeeds Sun Liang as ruler of the Chinese kingdom of Wu The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trabzon Gaul, Britain and Spain break off from the Roman Empire to form the Gallic Empire Nanjing University first founded in Nanjing, China Births Emperor Hui of Jin China (approximate... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Coptic Orthodox Pope · Roman Catholic Pope Archbishop of Canterbury · Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Faith... Main article: Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is a world-wide affiliation of Anglican Churches. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... Eastern Orthodox shrine Buddhist shrine just outside Wat Phnom. ... The Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura is a shrine to the martyred Roman deacon, Saint Lawrence. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as that saints day. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Saint symbology was important to people who couldnt read because they can figure out what symbols mean. ... A gridiron is a metal grate with parallel bars typically used for grilling meat or fish. ... Roman Catholic deacon wearing a dalmatic Ornately embroidered dalmatic (shown from the back) The dalmatic is a long wide-sleeved tunic, which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, and United Methodist Churches, sometimes worn by a deacon at the service of worship or mass and, although... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Birgu (also called Il-Birgu or Vittoriosa) is a small town in Malta that played a vital role in the Siege of Malta in 1565. ... Huesca (Aragonese Uesca, Catalan Osca) is a city in Aragon, Spain. ... Saint Lawrence is a village on Gozo Island, Malta. ... Gozo (Maltese: Għawdex) is an island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea, the island is part of the Southern European country Malta and is the second largest after the island of Malta itself within the archipelago. ... A comedian, or comic, is an entertainer who amuses an audience by making them laugh. ... The Librarian, a 1556 painting by Giuseppe Arcimboldo A librarian is an information professional trained in library science and information science: the organization and management of information and service to people with information needs. ... For other uses, see Student (disambiguation). ... Tanner is a surname, and might refer to Alain Tanner, Swiss film-maker Adam Tanner (Tannerus), Austrian Jesuit mathematician and philosopher Beatrice Stella Tanner, the British actress Mrs Patrick Campbell Charles Albert Tanner, Canadian politician Chuck Tanner, American baseball manager D.J. Tanner, fictional character from Full House Danny Tanner... For other uses, see Chef (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Gloriole. ... Saint Lawrence or Saint Laurence (also , St Laurence) is a title applied to many things named after Saint Lawrence, the 3rd century Christian martyr. ...


Saint Lawrence (c. 225 – 258) (Latin: Laurentius - "laurelled") was one of the seven deacons of ancient Rome who were martyred under the persecution of Roman Emperor Valerian in the year 258. Events Zhuge Liang pacifies Nan Zhong Births January 20 - Gordian III, Roman emperor Deaths Categories: 225 ... Events Sun Xiu succeeds Sun Liang as ruler of the Chinese kingdom of Wu The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trabzon Gaul, Britain and Spain break off from the Roman Empire to form the Gallic Empire Nanjing University first founded in Nanjing, China Births Emperor Hui of Jin China (approximate... A laurel wreath decorating a memorial at the Folketing, the national parliament of Denmark. ... The diaconate is one of three ordained offices in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ... Look up Persecution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ... Publius Licinius Valerianus[1] (c. ...

Contents

History

St. Lawerence was a lost by the time of Augustine, one of whose sermons on Saint Lawrence (Sermo 302, de Sancto Laurent.) admits that his narration was gained from tradition instead of reciting the Acts as was his preferred custom. [4] Such early legends made Lawrence a native of Huesca (Roman Osca) in Hispania Tarraconensis who had received religious instruction from Archdeacon Sixtus in Rome. When Sixtus became Bishop of Rome in 257, Lawrence was ordained a deacon and was placed in charge of the administration of Church goods and care for the poor. For this duty, he is regarded as one of the first archivists and treasurers of the Church and was made the patron of librarians. Augustinus redirects here. ... For other uses, see Legend (disambiguation). ... Huesca (Aragonese Uesca, Catalan Osca) is a city in Aragon, Spain. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Sixtus II was pope from August 30, 257 to August 6, 258, following Stephen I as bishop of Rome in 257. ... Events Pope Sixtus II succeeds Pope Stephen I Births Saint Gregory the Illuminator, founder and patron saint of the Armenian Church (approximate date) Deaths Pope Stephen I Categories: 257 ...


In the persecutions under Valerian in 258, numerous priests and bishops were put to death, while Christians belonging to the nobility or the Roman Senate were deprived of their goods and exiled. Pope St Sixtus II was one of the first victims of this persecution, being beheaded on August 6. A legend cited by St Ambrose of Milan says that Lawrence met the Pope on his way to his execution, where he is reported to have said, "Where are you going, my dear father, without your son? Where are you hurrying off to, holy priest, without your deacon? Before you never mounted the altar of sacrifice without your servant, and now you wish to do it without me?" The Pope is reported to have prophesied that "after three days you will follow me". Modern scholars tend to read this moving encounter as a literary invention. Events Sun Xiu succeeds Sun Liang as ruler of the Chinese kingdom of Wu The Goths ravage Asia Minor and Trabzon Gaul, Britain and Spain break off from the Roman Empire to form the Gallic Empire Nanjing University first founded in Nanjing, China Births Emperor Hui of Jin China (approximate... This article is about religious workers. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      This article... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Ambrose (disambiguation). ... Type Anti-tank Nationality Joint France/Germany Era Cold War, modern Launch platform Individual, Vehicle Target Vehicle, Fortification History Builder MBDA, Bharat Dynamics (under license) Date of design 70s Production period since 1972 Service duration since 1972 Operators 41 countries Variants MILAN 1, MILAN 2, MILAN 2T, MILAN 3, MILAN...


Lawrence is said to have been martyred on an iron outdoor stove. During his torture Lawrence cried out "I am already roasted on one side and, if thou wouldst have me well cooked, it is time to turn me on the other."


Cyprian, the contemporary bishop of Carthage mentions the directive of Valerian that Christian bishops, presbyters, and deacons should forthwith be punished, and records the martyrdom of Xystus bishop of Rome, in accordance with it on August 6 (Wace).[5] This page is about Cyprian, bishop of Carthage. ...


Lawrence and the Holy Chalice

According to lore, among the treasure of the Roman church entrusted to Lawrence for safe-keeping was the Holy Chalice, the cup from which Jesus and the Apostles drank at the Last Supper. Lawrence was able to spirit this away to Huesca with a letter and a supposed inventory, where it lay hidden and unregarded for centuries. When Augustine connects Lawrence with a chalice, it is the chalice of the Mass: This article is about the Christian relic. ... The Last Supper in Milan (1498), by Leonardo da Vinci. ...

"For in that Church, you see, as you have regularly been told, he performed the office of deacon; it was there that he administered the sacred chalice of Christ’s blood"."[6]

According to Christian mythology, the Holy Grail is a relic that was sent by St. Lawrence to his parents in Spain. He entrusted this sacred chalice to a friend whom he knew would travel back to Spain, his home country. While the Holy Chalice's exact journey through the centuries is disputed, it is generally accepted by Catholics that the Chalice was sent by his family to a monastery for preservation and veneration. Historical records indicate that this chalice has been venerated and preserved by a number of monks and monasteries through the ages. Today the Holy Grail is venerated in a special chapel in the Catholic Cathedral of Valencia, Spain, in the region of St. Lawrence's birth and early life. Christian mythology is the body of traditional narrative associated with Christianity. ... For other uses, see Holy Grail (disambiguation). ... The Cathedral of Valencia. ...


The jewels of St Lawrence

After the death of Sixtus, the prefect of Rome demanded that Lawrence turn over the riches of the Church. Ambrose is the earliest source for the tale that Lawrence asked for three days to gather together the wealth.[7] Lawrence worked swiftly to distribute as much Church property to the poor as possible, so as to prevent its being seized by the prefect. On the third day, at the head of a small delegation, he presented himself to the prefect, and when ordered to give up the treasures of the Church, he presented the poor, the crippled, the blind and the suffering, and said that these were the true treasures of the Church. One account records him declaring to the prefect, "The Church is truly rich, far richer than your emperor." This act of defiance led directly to his martyrdom.


This can be compared to the parallel Roman tale of the jewels of Cornelia. Cornelia pushes away Ptolemys crown, by Laurent de La Hyre Cornelia Scipionis Africana (born ca. ...


Martyrdom

The shrine in Rome containing the gridiron said to have been used to grill Saint Lawrence to death
The shrine in Rome containing the gridiron said to have been used to grill Saint Lawrence to death

Henry Wace stated, "Few martyrdoms of the first three centuries are better attested than this one."[citation needed] It is said that Lawrence was burned or "grilled" to death. Legend says that he was so strong-willed that instead of giving in to the Romans and releasing information about the Church, at the point of death he exclaimed "I am done on this side! Turn me over and eat." Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 10058 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2304x1728, 10058 KB) Other versions Originally from en. ... Very Reverend Henry Wace (December 10, 1836 - January 9, 1924) was the Dean of Canterbury from 1903, edited in and contributed to publications in Christian and Ecclesiastical history. ...


By tradition, Lawrence was sentenced at San Lorenzo in Miranda, martyred at San Lorenzo in Panisperna, and buried in the Via Tiburtina in the Catacomb of Cyriaca by Hippolytus and Justinus, a presbyter. Constantine I is said to have built a small oratory in honour of the martyr, which was a station on the itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs by the 7th century. The facade of San Lorenzo in Miranda sports the pillared portico of the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina. ... San Lorenzo in Panisperna San Lorenzo in Panisperna[1], or San Lorenzo in Formosa[2], church on Via Panisperna, Rome. ... The word catacomb comes from Greek kata kumbas (L. ad catacumbas), near the low place and originally it meant a certain burial district in Rome. ... Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on...

The stone on which Saint Lawrence's body was laid after his death, in San Lorenzo fuori le mura
The stone on which Saint Lawrence's body was laid after his death, in San Lorenzo fuori le mura

Pope Damasus I rebuilt or repaired the church, now known as San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, while the minor basilica of San Lorenzo in Panisperna was built over the place of his martyrdom. The gridiron of the martyrdom was placed by Pope Paschal II in the church of San Lorenzo in Lucina. Download high resolution version (2032x1524, 640 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2032x1524, 640 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Pope Damasus I ( 305-383) was Pope from 366. ... The Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura is a shrine to the martyred Roman deacon, Saint Lawrence. ... San Lorenzo in Panisperna San Lorenzo in Panisperna[1], or San Lorenzo in Formosa[2], church on Via Panisperna, Rome. ... Paschal II, né Ranierius (born in Bleda, near Forlì, Romagna - d. ... San Lorenzo in Lucina is a church in Rome, dating back to the 4th century, and devoted to St Lawrence, Roman diacon and martyr. ...

Sources

One of the early sources for the martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was the description by Aurelius Prudentius Clemens in his Peristephanon, Hymn II. Aurelius Prudentius Clemens was an Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (in Northern Spain) in 348. ...


Veneration

St Lawrence, as represented in the Baroque interior of the church at Lampaul-Guimiliau in Brittany, a region where his cult is very popular.
St Lawrence, as represented in the Baroque interior of the church at Lampaul-Guimiliau in Brittany, a region where his cult is very popular.

Lawrence is one of the most widely venerated saints of the Catholic Church. Lawrence is also venerated in the Anglo-Catholic tradition; a major church in the City of Sydney, Australia, situated in the civil (land division) parish of St Lawrence adopted St Lawrence as patron notwithstanding its primary dedication as 'Christ Church', and there was an Anglican order in Melbourne Victoria Australia, the order does not exist as such anymore but they founded the organisation known as the Brotherhood of St Laurence that still bears this name. Devotion to him was widespread by the 4th century. As his martyrdom occurred very early in Church history, many other Christians honor him as well. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 1. ... Lampaul-Guimiliau is a commune of the Finistère département of Brittany, France. ... Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ...


Lawrence is especially honored in the city of Rome, where he is one of the city's patrons. There are several churches in Rome dedicated to him, including San Lorenzo in Panisperma, traditionally identified as the place of his execution. He is invoked by librarians, cooks, and tanners as their patron. His celebration on August 10 has the rank of feast throughout the Catholic world.[8] On this day, the reliquary containing his burnt head is displayed in the Vatican for veneration. A religious festival is a time of special importance marked by adherents to that religion. ...


The Divine Office accords this special prayer to him on his feast day (from the translation in Christian Prayer):


"Father, you called Saint Lawrence to serve you by love and crowned his life with glorious martyrdom. Help us to be like him in loving you and doing your work. Grant this through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.


There is furthermore an alleged miraculous event that has been witnessed each year on August 10, the Saint's feast day, in The Collegiate Church of Santa Maria Assunta in San Gimignano, where some of the Saint's blood is believed to be preserved in a vial. The blood, now centuries old, begins to liquefy on the vigil of his feast, becoming entirely liquid by the start of the feast day. The blood then re-hardens after the day is concluded. This is attested to by the local residents and parishioners. They attribute this miracle to the intercession of the Saint, who gives this reminder of his martyrdom, intercession for the faithful, and proof of the truth of the Catholic Faith. The miracle of his blood can allegedly be witnessed by any individual at the stated times. The vial in which the blood is contained is supposedly not touched or in any way influenced by human means. [citation needed]


Other

Saint Lawrence is referenced in Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron in tale 6.10, where the veneration of the saint is used by a friar to escape an embarrassing situation.[9] Giovanni Boccaccio (June 16, 1313 – December 21, 1375) was an Italian author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist in his own right and author of a number of notable works including On Famous Women, the Decameron and his poetry in the vernacular. ... The Decameron is a collection of novellas that was finished by Giovanni Boccaccio in 1353. ... A friar is a member of a religious mendicant order of men. ...


Notes

  1. ^ The means of his martyrdom
  2. ^ Symbol of his status as a deacon
  3. ^ Owing to the method of his martyrdom, on a gridiron.
  4. ^ Ambrose, de Officina, 1.41
  5. ^ Cyprian, Epistles 80.1: ad Successum
  6. ^ Augustine, Sermon on St. Lawrence
  7. ^ Ambrose of Milan, De officiis min., 2.28
  8. ^ From the oldest Christian calendars, such as the Almanac of Philocalus for the year 354, the inventory of which contains the principal feasts of the Roman martyrs of the middle of the fourth century AD, onwards.
  9. ^ See Summary of Decameron tales

For other uses, see Deacon (disambiguation). ... Summary of Decameron tales. ...

See also

// El Escorial, the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo El Real (also known as the Monasterio de El Escorial or simply El Escorial) is located about 45 kilometres (28 miles) northwest of the Spanish capital, Madrid. ... Saint-Laurent (French for Saint Lawrence) is the name or part of the name of several communes in France. ... San Lorenzo is Italian and Spanish for Saint Lawrence. ... Saint Lawrence Academy, in Santa Clara, California, USA, was founded in 1975. ... a broat veiew of the St LAwrence River, with a Quebec City on a background The Saint Lawrence River (In French: fleuve Saint-Laurent) is a large south west-to-north east flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... The St. ... St. ... St. ... St. ... This article is about Christian saints. ... Lorcán Ua Tuathail, also known as St. ... South Weston is a village is Oxfordshire that was mentioned in the Domesday Book. ... Surfleet is a small village on the Lincolnshire fens, situated on the River Glen about five miles north of Spalding. ... West Wycombe is an area located just north of High Wycombe in the United Kingdom and is the home of the West Wycombe Caves. ...

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