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History of Vietnam series |
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Nam Việt or Nanyue (Chinese: å—越; pinyin: ) was an ancient kingdom that consisted much of modern northern Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. ...
Procession commemorating the TrÆ°ng Sisters in the early 20th century The TrÆ°ng Sisters, known in Vietnamese as Hai BÃ TrÆ°ng (the two TrÆ°ng ladies), are two 1st century women regarded as national heroines of Vietnam after they successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years. ...
Lý Nam Äế (Lý, The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bi or Lý Bon (October 17, 503 - April 13, 548) is debateably considered the first emperor of Vietnam and the founder of the Early Lý (or Li/Lee) Dynasty (544 - 603) and ruled from Feb. ...
Ly Thien Bao (548 A.D. - 555 A.D.) This reign is only ephemereal. ...
Trieu Viet Vuong (548-570) Realizing the strength of the Chinese army, Trieu Quang Phuc retreated back to a more favorable terrain where he could employ guerilla warfare and a war of attrition against the enemy. ...
Around the year 930 AD, as Ngô Quyen (å³æ¬Š) rose to power, northern Vietnam was a province and vassal state of China and was referred to as Giao Chi (交趾). Every year the governor/administrator of Giao Chi had to pay tribute and give offerings to China. ...
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To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
The Lý Dynasty (nhà Lý), sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (nhà Háºu Lý), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Anterior Le Dynasty (nhà Tiá»n Lê) and ended in 1225 when the queen Lý Chiêu Hoà ng...
The Trần Dynasty (é™³æœ Trần Triá»u; or vernacularly Nhà Trần, meaning the Trần House) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Äại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. ...
The Hồ Dynasty was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors, Hồ Quý Lý in 1400 who, after 9 months of reign, gave the throne to his second son, Hồ Han Thuong, who reigned from 1400 till 1407, a habit from the previous Tran Dynasty to bequest the...
The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1406 to 1428, upon which, the country was ruled by the Ming administration. ...
Trinh Lords (1553 - 1789) A series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving a figurhead as king. ...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
The name of Tay Son is used in many ways referring back to the period of peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasty established between the eras of the Le and Nguyen dynasties. ...
The Nguyá»…n Dynasty (阮æœ) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ...
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in 1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union...
Motto: None Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon First Chief Emperor Bao Dai Last Chief Ngo Dinh Diem Rule Area South Vietnam (1954-) Independence - Provitional - Declared - Recognised - Dissolved From Franch rule May 27, 1948 June 14, 1949 1954 October 26, 1955 Currency Piastre National anthem Call to the Citizens Caution: The...
Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area - Total - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population - Total - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ...
Map of the Republic of South Vietnam. ...
Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand the Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 1,250,000+ US dead: 58,226 US wounded...
Lê Lợi (1382-1433), emperor Lê Thai To(1428-1433)
Background and aspiration Lê Lợi came from a family of wealthy landowners. Affable, compassionate and quite well-educated, he understood the plight of his people. As a soldier and a strategist, he had the ability to readily grasp a tough situation and make quick decisions. In daily life,he preferred to be surrounded by comrades, both intellectual and military. He took part in intellectual discussions which revolved around political and military matters. He was generous in helping out the poor and the less fortunate. One of those who helped him a lot is Nguyen Trai, a reknowned scholar and strategist, author of the "the Great Proclamation of Peace of the Ngo" or in Vietnamese 'Binh Ngo Dai Cao'. Together with Nguyen Trai, Lê Lợi created a formidable and fearsome war machine that enjoyed the support of the whole nation and he was able to achieve the task of liberating the Vietnamese people. Lê Lợi (1384? - 1433). ...
The Uprising and War Against the Ming After the defeat of Giang Dinh and Tran Quy Khoach, Lê Lợi finally decided to raise his banner and revolt against the Chinese Ming. He proclaimed himself Binh Dinh Vuong, which means the Pacifying King. For advisors, Lê Lợi has many people besides him, such as Nguyen Trai, Le Sat, who will be later Regent for his young son, Tran Nguyen Han, Dinh Le etc. Knowing the strength of the Ming military, Lê Lợi first waged a guerilla war against them for about 6 years from 1418 till 1424. His base was the mountain & forest of Lam Sơn (Thanh Hóa province). After initially suffering many defeats, he finally gathered momentum and was able to launch a siege at Đông Quan (now Hanoi), the site of the Ming administration. After 1424, recognizing the importance and scale of this new revolt, and after losing many of his troops, the Ming emperor sent reinforcement, but Lê Lợi staged an ambush and killed Liu Shan, the Ming general. The Ming troops at Đông Quan surrendered. Lê Lợi negotiated a peace with the Ming emperor, and the Ming, upon recognition of Lê Lợi as the new Dai Viet emperor, withdrew all their troops. are you looking for the political definition of guerilla war? Guerilla War is a video game by SNK. It is an overhead shooter. ...
Lê Lợi’s ascension to the throne (1428) Having spent a decade fighting against China to liberate Vietnam, in 1428, Lê Lợi ascended to the throne. He took the title Le Thai To and ruled from 1428 to 1433. The Hậu Lê dynasty (Latter Lê) began with him. // Events October 12 - English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury besiege Orléans. ...
Lê Lợi’s succession and road to apogee, from 1433 till 1497
Lê Thai Tông (1433-1442) Emperor Lê Lợi died leaving a heir of only 11 years old. At first Le Sat assumed the regency of the kingdom until Lê Thai Tông reach his majority. Upon his official enthronement in 1438 he found Lê Sat was unwilling to give up his powers. So, he recalled another of his father's trusted aids Trinh Kha, and together they forced Lê Sat out of power and had him executed. Le Thai Tong (1423 - 1442) son of the hero-king Le Loi and king of Vietnam from 1438 till his early death four years later. ...
Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco In Italy, the siege of Brescia by the condottieri troops of Niccolò Piccinino was raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da Forlì. January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert...
Trinh Kha (? - 1451) close advisor to Le Loi, chief ruler of Vietnam during the 1440s, and founder of the powerful Trinh family. ...
Lê Thai Tông however had a weakness for women, he had many wives, discarding one favorite after another. The great scandal was his affair with Nguyễn Thi Lo, the wife of his father's chief scholar Nguyễn Trai. The affair started early in 1442 and continued when the king traveled to the home of Nguyễn Trai, who was venerated as a great Confucian scholar. Shortly after the king left their home to continue his tour of the western province he fell ill and died. At the time the powerful nobles in the court argued that the king had been poisoned to death. Nguyễn Trai and his wife were executed as were three entire generations of both their families (the normal punishment for treason). Events The community of Rauma, Finland was granted its town rights. ...
Confucius (Chinese Kong Fuzi, literally Master Kong, traditionally September 28, 551 BCE–479 BCE) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia. ...
Lê Thai Tông (1442-1459) With the death of Lê Thai Tông, his heir was a infant son named Bang Co. He was the second son of his father but the elder son had been officially passed over due to his mother's low social status. Bang Co was renamed Lê Nhan Tông but the real ruler was Trinh Kha and the child's mother, the young Queen Nguyễn Thi Anh. The next 17 years were good years for Vietnam, there were no great troubles and the uneasy relationship between Nguyễn Thi Anh and her high councilors was reasonably peaceful. Two things of note occured, first, the Vietnamese sent an army south to attack the Champa kingdom in 1446. Second, the Dowager Empress ordered the execution of Trinh Kha, for reasons lost to history, in the year 1451. Le Nhan Tong (1441–1459) was king of Vietnam from 1453 till his murder in a coup. ...
Trinh Kha (? - 1451) close advisor to Le Loi, chief ruler of Vietnam during the 1440s, and founder of the powerful Trinh family. ...
Rough location of Champas core territories. ...
Events Mehmed II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire is forced to abdicate in favor of his father Murad II by the Janissaries. ...
Trinh Kha (? - 1451) close advisor to Le Loi, chief ruler of Vietnam during the 1440s, and founder of the powerful Trinh family. ...
// Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture...
Two years later, with Lê Nhan Tông now 12 years old, the boy was formally given the powers of king. This was odd since normally a boy would not be given the powers of government till the age of 16. It may have been done to remove the Empress Nguyễn Thi Anh from power, but if that was the reason, it failed, the boy's mother still controlled the government up until the coup of 1459.
In 1459, Lê Nhan Tông's older brother, Nghi Dan, plotted with a group of officials to kill the king. On October 28, the plotters with some 100 "shiftless men" entered into the palace and killed the king (he was just 18). The next day, facing certain certain execution, his mother, Nguyễn Thi Anh, committed suicide. Events September 23 - Battle of Blore Heath. ...
Nghi Dan immediatly moved his own people into power, his two main aids were Pham Don and Phan Ban. Two attempts were made to remove Nghi Dan, the first took place in early 1460. It failed and the chief councilors of the old king were executed. The second attempt took place on June 24 of the same year. This second coup, led by the last of Lê Lợi's old advisors (Nguyễn Xi and Dinh Liet) succeeded. Nghi Dan was captured and killed along with his faction. The old men then selected the last son of Lê Thai Tông, to be the new king. His name was Lê Thanh Tông and he was just 17 years old at the time. Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ...
Le Thanh Tong (1442–1497) was king of Vietnam from 1460 till his death from old age. ...
Lê Thanh Tông (1460-1497) Lê Thanh Tông was the most prominent of all the Lê rulers and one of the greatest kings in Vietnamese history. Born Tu Thanh, he was the youngest son of king Lê Thai Tông. In 1459, his older half-brother Le Nhan Tong was killed by another half brother Nghi Dan. Six months later Nghi Dan was deposed and killed and Prince Tu was enthroned in 1460 at the age of 18. His rule and reign were one of the high points in the history of Vietnam. His reign was given the name Flood of Virtue (Hong-duc).
Administration, Law System
Economy & Finances
Culture and Education
War with Champa in 1470-72
The Decline of the Hậu Lê Dynasty, from 1497 to 1527 Right after the death of Lê Thanh Tông, and in particular after his son’s Lê Hien Tôn, the Lê dynasty and with it, the country itself virtually plunge into a crisis.
Lê Hien Tông (1497-1504) Prince Tang, one of Lê Thanh Ton’s 14 sons, succeeded his father as Lê Hien Ton at the age of 38. He was an affable, meek and mild-mannered person. Due to his short period of rule and the fact that he didn't pass many significant reforms, he is considered to be simply an extension of Lê Thanh Ton’s legacy.
Lê Tuc Tông 1504-05, Lê Uy Muc 1505-09 and Lê Tuong Duc 1510-16 Succeeding to Lê Hien Tong was his third son who took the reign name as Lê Tuc Tong. The king fell gravely ill with the measles and passed away just six months after assuming the throne. His older brother succeeded him as Lê Uy Muc. The first thing the new king did was to take revenge against those who had attempted to barred him from the throne by having them killed. Among his victims were the former emperor’s queen mother. Lê Uy Muc was described as mean, careless, cruel, sadistic, depraved person, who wasted the court’s money and finances to indulge his whims. Well aware of the fact he was detested, hated and vilified by his subjects, Lê Uy Muc protected himself by hiring a group of elite bodyguards to surround him at all times. (Among them was Mac Dang Dung who became very close to the Lê emperor and was raised to the rank of Commander and General on the country.) Despite his precautions, in 1509 a half-brother who Lê Uy Much had had jailed escaped prison and plotted with court insiders to assinate the king in his chambers. The assassin Lê Tuong Duc, was no better a ruler than his monstrous brother. He reigned from 1510 to 1516, all the while pilfering the royal treasury, and sapping the country’s assets. He was heedless to the reactions that his outrageous taxation caused in his subjects throughout the country. In the end, having had enough of Lê Tuong Duc, a group of official mandarins and generals stormed the palace and brought him down in 1516. 1509 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1510 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
// Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ...
Rise of Mạc Dang Dung After Lê Tuong Duc was deposed, groups and factions within the court vied with one another for control of the country. By this time, Mạc Dang Dung's name grew enormously and was either feared or hated, opposed by other factions primarily led by Nguyen Hoang Du, Trinh Duy Dai and Trinh Duy San. The first one in this anti-Mạc group will play a major role later on in the North-South civil wars.
Lê Chieu Tông (1516-1524) An infant child of barely 14 years old, prince Lê Y, Lê Tuong Duc's grand child was enthroned as the new emperor Le Chieu Tong. Schemes, plots, betrayals, and assassinations are the daily events in the imperial court. At this young age, being easily impressionable, Lê Chieu Tong fell more and more to the anti-Mạc group and faction. This anti-Mạc group finally took hostage (or kidnapped) the king and flee Ha Noi further south. Among the men in this anti-Mạc faction is Nguyen Hoang Du as mentionned above, Nguyễn Kim's father, who later on will be forefather of the Nguyễn Lords and a Trinh member who later will also play a big role in the rift, division of North and South Vietnam, leading to a wider Trinh-Nguyễn rivalry during the whole of 17th century. The two factins are warring openly each other. Thanh Hóa was the demarcation line between the pro-Mạc Dang Dung and anti-Mạc. Northward with Ha Noi as capital is Mạc Dang Dung's territory whilst south of Thanh Hóa is the anti-Mạc's stronghold. Lê Chieu Tong's weak, indecisive mind and personality finally costs him his own life. He was assassinated in 1524 This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
(16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...
Lê Cung Hoang (1524-1527) Soon after Lê Chieu Ton’s flee, Mạc Dang Dung did not waste time, he proclaime immediately Lê Chieu Ton’s younger brother, Lê Xuan, as a new emperor. At the same time, Mạc Dang Dung waged a war with the fleeing king Le Chieu Ton and the rebellious generals. He finally caught him and killed the former king. Unopposed now, and master of all northern Vietnam, militarily and politically from Thanh Hóa, Nghe An and up north Mạc Dang Dung depose Lê Cung Hoang and assume himself as new emperor in 1527. A hundred years have passed since Vietnam reclaimed independence from the Chinese Ming, and enjoyed a rather peaceful era. Vietnam now turned to another point of its history: feudal rifts, division within itself since he was challenged by factions in the court who said Mạc Dang Dung have stolen, usurped the throne from the posterior Lê. Nghe An Province is a province in Vietnam. ...
Causes & Analysis of the Hậu Lê’s Rapid Decline --------------------------------------------- from Viet Nam Su Luoc by Tran Trong Kim from Viet Su Toan Thu by Pham Van Son List of Vietnamese dynasties Main article: History of Vietnam This is a list of Vietnamese dynasties. ...
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