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Encyclopedia > Lead(II) nitrate
Lead(II) nitrate
General
Systematic name Lead(II) nitrate
Other names Lead nitrate
Plumbous nitrate
Lead dinitrate
Plumb dulcis
Molecular formula Pb(NO3)2
Molar mass 331.2 g/mol
Appearance White odourless solid
CAS number [10099-74-8]
Properties
Density and phase 4.53 g/cm3, solid
Solubility in water 52 g/100 ml (20 °C)
in nitric acid insoluble
in alcohol 1 g/2500 ml
in methane 1 g/75 ml
Melting point 470 °C
Structure
Coordination
geometry
cuboctahedral
Crystal structure Face-centered cubic
Dipole moment 0 D
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
Main hazards Poisonous
NFPA 704

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x700, 79 KB)Lead(II) nitrate This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... In physics, Density is defined as mass m per unit volume V. Mathematically, it is expressed as where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg v is the volume of the substance... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ... Functional group of an alcohol molecule. ... Methane is the principal component of natural gas. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... The cubic crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a non-SI and non-CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... An example MSDS in a US format provides guidance for handling a hazardous substance and information on its composition and properties. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on Lead(II) nitrate. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links NFPA_704. ...

0
3
3
OX
Flash point Non-flammable
R/S statement R: R20/22, R50/53,
R33, R61, R62
S: S45, S53, S60, S61
RTECS number OG2100000
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties
n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions Lead(II) phosphate
Lead(II) sulfide
Other cations Sodium nitrate
Magnesium nitrate
Related compounds Lead(II) oxide
Nitric acid
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Lead(II) nitrate is a chemical compound, the inorganic salt of nitric acid and lead. It is a colourless crystal or white powder and a strong, stable oxidizer. Unlike most other lead(II) salts, it is soluble in water. Its main use from the Middle Ages, under the name plumbum dulce, has been as raw material in the production of many pigments. Since the 20th century, it has been industrially used as a heat stabilizer in nylon and polyesters, and in coatings of photothermographic paper. Commercial production did not take place until the 19th century in Europe, and in the United States until after 1943, with a typical production process of metallic lead or lead oxide in nitric acid. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture with air. ... Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds. ... R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on Lead(II) nitrate. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on Lead(II) nitrate. ... The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on Lead(II) nitrate. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on Lead(II) nitrate. ... Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons and spectrophotometry. ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry (also known as mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or in common speech mass-spec) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... Multivalent redirects here. ... Lead sulfide (UK English sulphide) is a chemical compound PbS, most often purified from the mineral galena. ... Multivalent redirects here. ... Made of Porn and sex things Inhalation respiratory irritation Skin May cause irritation. ... Magnesium nitrate is a hygroscopic salt with the formula Mg(NO3)2. ... Lead(II) oxide or litharge is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... An inorganic compound is a chemical compound that is not an organic compound. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ... For PB or pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Atomic mass 207. ... Quartz crystal Copper(II) sulfate and iodine crystal Synthetic bismuth crystal Insulin crystals Gallium, a metal that easily forms large single crystals A huge monocrystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate grown from solution by Saint-Gobain for the megajoule laser of CEA. In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid... European Union Chemical hazard symbol for oxidizing agents Dangerous goods label for oxidising agents An oxidizing agent (also called an oxidant or oxidizer) is referred to as A chemical compound that readily transfers oxygen atoms or A substance that gains electrons in a redox chemical reaction. ... Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... For animal and plant pigments, see Pigment, biology. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers first produced on February 28, 1935 by Gerard J. Berchet of Wallace Carothers research group at DuPont. ... SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester is a category of polymers, or, more specifically condensation polymers, which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... Thermography can refer to a printing process and an imaging process. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Lead(II) oxide or litharge is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ...


Lead(II) nitrate is toxic and probably carcinogenic to humans. Therefore, it is to be handled and stored with the appropriate safety precautions. // Toxic and Intoxicated redirect here – toxic has other uses, which can be found at Toxicity (disambiguation); for the state of being intoxicated by alcohol see Drunkenness. ... Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 2A: The agent (mixture) is probably carcinogenic to humans. ...

Contents

History

Since the Middle Ages, lead(II) nitrate has been produced on a very small scale as a raw material for the production of coloured pigments, such as chrome yellow (lead(II) chromate), chrome orange (lead(II) hydroxide chromate) and similar lead compounds. As early as the 15th century, the German alchemist Andreas Libavius synthesized the compound, coining the mediaeval names of plumb dulcis and calx plumb dulcis.[1] Although the production process is chemically straightforward, production was minimal until the 19th century, and no non-European production before the 20th century is reported.[2][3] Chrome Yellow is a natural yellow pigment made of lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4). ... Chrome Orange is a natural orange pigment made of lead(II) chromate and lead(II) oxide. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... Andreas Libavius (1550 - July 25, 1616) was a German doctor and chemist. ...


Chemistry

When lead(II) nitrate is heated, it decomposes to lead(II) oxide, accompanied by a crackling noise referred to as decrepitation. Due to this property, lead nitrate is sometimes used in pyrotechnics such as fireworks. Lead(II) oxide or litharge is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air. ... Decrepitation is the breaking of a substance usually accompanied by the emission of a crackling sound. ... Pyrotechnics are used in the entertainment industry The band Rammsteins stage acts centers largely around pyrotechnics Pyrotechnics is a field of study often thought synonymous with the manufacture of fireworks, but more accurately it has a wider scope that includes items for military and industrial uses. ... The Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Opera House illuminated under New Years Eve Fireworks 2005 A fireworks event (also called a fireworks show) is a spectacular display of the effects produced by firework devices on various occasions. ...

2 Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2 PbO(s) + 4 NO2(g) + O2(g)

In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Lead(II) oxide or litharge is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air. ... [1] R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... A gas is one of the four major phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma, that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ...

Aqueous chemistry

Lead(II) nitrate readily dissolves in water to give a clear colourless solution.[4] This solution reacts with soluble iodides such as potassium iodide to produce a precipitate of the bright orange-yellow lead(II) iodide. This reaction is often used to demonstrate precipitation, because of the striking colour change observed. Solvation is the attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. ... An iodide ion is an iodine atom with a −1 (negative one) charge. ... Potassium iodide is a white crystalline salt with chemical formula KI, used in photography and radiation treatment. ... Lead (II) iodide (PbI2) is a toxic, yellowish solid. ...

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

Apart from lead(II) nitrate, lead(II) acetate is the only other common soluble lead compound. All other lead compounds are insoluble in water, even commonly very soluble chloride and sulfate salts such as lead(II) chloride and lead(II) sulfate. This means that lead(II) nitrate has particular importance as a starting point for the production of insoluble lead compounds via double decomposition. For PB or pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Atomic mass 207. ... An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Potassium iodide is a white crystalline salt with chemical formula KI, used in photography and radiation treatment. ... Lead (II) iodide (PbI2) is a toxic, yellowish solid. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... R-phrases   S-phrases   Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Lead(II) acetate or Sugar of Lead was used as an artificial sweetener for wine in ancient times before lead was known to be toxic. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English) is a salt of sulfuric acid. ... Lead(II) chloride Lead(II) chloride is the insoluble salt made by adding sodium chloride to soluble lead(II) compounds such as lead(II) nitrate. ... Lead (II) sulfate (PbSO4) is a white crystal or powder. ... Metathesis is a bimolecular process involving the exchange of bonds between the two reacting chemical species, which results in the creation of products with similar or identical bonding affiliations. ...


When 1 M sodium hydroxide solution is added to 0.1 M lead nitrate, basic nitrates are formed, even well past the equivalence point. Up through the half equivalence point, Pb(NO3)2·Pb(OH)2 predominates, then after this point Pb(NO3)2·5Pb(OH)2 is formed. Surprisingly, no simple Pb(OH)2 is formed up to at least pH 12.[5] In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. ... Alkali salts or base salts are salts which contain one or more hydroxide ions. ... Equivalence point occurs during a chemical titration when equal amounts of acid and base have been reacted. ... The correct title of this article is . ...


Crystal structure

Crystal structure [111] plane
Crystal structure [111] plane

The crystal structure of solid lead(II) nitrate has been determined by neutron diffraction.[6] The compound crystallizes in the cubic system with the lead atoms in a face-centered cubic system. Its space group is Pa3 (Bravais lattice notation) with each side of the cube with length 784 picometer. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... Neutron diffraction is a crystallography technique that uses neutrons to determine the atomic structure of a material. ... Frost crystallization on a shrub. ... The cubic crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. ... The space group of a crystal is a mathematical description of the symmetry inherent in the structure. ... In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after Auguste Bravais, is an infinite set of points generated by a set of discrete translation operations. ... One picometre is defined as 1x10-12 metres, in standard units. ...


The black dots represent the lead atoms, while the white dots represent the nitrate groups 27 pm above the plane of the lead atoms, and the blue dots represent the nitrate groups the same distance below this plane. In this configuration every lead atom is bonded to 12 oxygen atoms (bond length: 281 pm). All N-O bond lengths are identical: 125 pm. A chemical bond is the PHYSICAL process responsible for the ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. ... In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is the distance between two bonded atoms in a molecule. ...


Academic interest in the crystal structure of this compound was partly based on the possibility of free internal rotation of the nitrate groups within the crystal lattice at elevated temperatures, but this did not materialise.[7]


Complexation

Lead(II) nitrate has some interesting supramolecular chemistry associated with it because of its coordination to nitrogen and oxygen electron donating compounds. The interest is largely academic but with some potential applications. For example, combining lead nitrate and pentaethylene glycol in a solution of acetonitrile and methanol followed by slow evaporation produces a new crystalline material [Pb(NO3)2(EO5)].[8] The crystal structure for this compound has the PEO chain wrapped around the lead ion in an equatorial plane similar to a crown ether. The two bidentate nitrate ligands are situated in a trans configuration. The total coordination number is 10 with the lead ion in a bicapped square antiprism molecular geometry. Supramolecular chemistry refers to the area of chemistry which focuses on the noncovalent bonding interactions of molecules. ... Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a diol, an alcohol with two -OH groups, a dimer of ethylene glycol, which has caused several mass poisonings. ... Acetonitrile is an organic molecule, often used as a solvent, with the chemical formula of CH3CN. Also known as methyl cyanide, it is the simplest of the organic nitriles. ... Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol (ethyl alcohol). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Crown ethers are heterocyclic chemical compounds that, in their simplest form, are cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide. ... In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule (see also: functional group) that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinate covalent bond to, or shares its electrons through a covalent bond with, one or more central atoms or ions (these ligands act as a... Cis-2-butene Trans-2-butene In chemistry, geometric isomerism or cis-trans isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism and describes the orientation of functional groups within the molecule. ...


The complex formed by lead(II) nitrate, lead(II) perchlorate and a bithiazole bidentate N-donor ligand[9] is binuclear with a nitrate group forming a bridge between the lead atoms with coordination number of 5 and 6. One interesting aspect of this type of complexes is the presence of a physical gap in the coordination sphere (i.e., the ligands are not placed symmetrically around the metal ion), and it is suggested that this is due to a lead lone pair of electrons. The same phenomenon is described in lead complexes with an imidazole ligand.[10] organic chemical compound with the empirical formula C3H3SN. Its structure is a 5-membered ring, in which two of the corners of the ring are nitrogen and sulfur, and the other three are carbons. ... A lone pair is an electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms. ... Imidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. ...


This type of chemistry is not always unique to lead nitrate; other lead(II) compounds such as lead(II) bromide also form complexes, but the nitrate is frequently used because of its solubility properties and its bidentate nature.


Preparation

The compound is normally obtained by dissolving lead as the metal or oxide in aqueous nitric acid.[11] Anhydrous Pb(NO3)2 can be crystallised directly from the solution. There is no known industrial scale production. Lead(II) oxide or litharge is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen nitrate (anhydrous nitric acid). ...

3 Pb + 8 HNO3 → 3 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4H2O
PbO + 2 HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O

Applications

Historically lead(II) nitrate is used in the manufacture of matches and special explosives such as lead azide, in mordants and pigments (e.g., in lead paints), for dyeing and printing calico and other textiles, and in the general manufacture of lead compounds. More recent applications include use as a heat stabilizer in nylon and polyesters, as a coating for photothermograpic paper, and in rodenticides. A burning match A match is a consumable tool for producing fire under controlled circumstances on demand. ... Preparing C-4 explosive This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... Lead azide (Pb(N3)2) is an explosive and toxic crystalline compound. ... Look up Mordant on Wiktionary, the free dictionary A mordant is a substance used to set dyes. ... For animal and plant pigments, see Pigment, biology. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Dyeing is the process of changing the colour of a yarn or cloth by treatment with a dye. ... Calico is a textile made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers first produced on February 28, 1935 by Gerard J. Berchet of Wallace Carothers research group at DuPont. ... SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester is a category of polymers, or, more specifically condensation polymers, which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... Thermography can refer to a printing process and an imaging process. ... Rat poisons are a category of pest control chemicals intended to kill rats. ...


Lead(II) nitrate also provides a reliable source of pure dinitrogen tetroxide in the laboratory. When the salt is carefully dried, and heated in a steel vessel, it produces nitrogen dioxide along with dioxygen. The gases are condensed and fractionally distilled to give pure N2O4.[12] Nitrogen tetroxide (or dinitrogen tetroxide) is the chemical compound N2O4. ... [1] R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ...

2 Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2 PbO(s) + 4 NO2(g) + O2(g)
2 NO2 N2O4

In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Lead(II) oxide or litharge is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air. ... [1] R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... A gas is one of the four major phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma, that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or dinitrogen tetroxide) is the chemical compound N2O4. ...

Safety

The hazards of lead(II) nitrate are those of soluble lead compounds in general and, to a lesser extent, those of other inorganic nitrates. It is toxic, and ingestion may lead to acute lead poisoning. Symptoms include: intestinal malfunction, strong abdominal pains, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting and cramps, while longer-term exposure may lead to neurological and renal problems. Lead compounds are known to be cumulative poisons, as more than 90% of absorbed lead is fixed in bone tissue from which it is only slowly released over a period of years. Lead poisoning is a medical condition, also known as saturnism, plumbism or painters colic, caused by increased blood lead levels. ... In anatomy, the intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine (or colon). ... The abdomen is a part of the body. ... The appetite is the desire to eat food, felt as hunger. ... For other uses, see Nausea (disambiguation). ... Vomiting (also throwing up or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. ... Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. ... It has been suggested that Renal anomalies and Renal plasma threshold be merged into this article or section. ... To bioaccumulate literally means to accumulate in a biological system. ... Grays Anatomy illustration of a human femur. ...


Children are more efficient at absorbing lead from the gastrointestinal tract than adults, thus they are more at risk from lead poisoning. Exposure to lead compounds during pregnancy has been linked to increased rates of spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation and low birth weight. Given the cumulative nature of lead toxicity, children and pregnant women should be exposed to soluble lead compounds as little as possible — this is a legal requirement in many countries.[13] The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, alimentary canal, or gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. ... Prenatal development is the process in which an embryo or fetus (or foetus) gestates during pregnancy, from the times of fertilization until birth. ... Baby weighed as AGA Birth weight is the weight of a baby at its birth. ...


Inorganic lead compounds are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as probably carcinogenic to humans (Category 2A). They have been linked to renal cancer and glioma in experimental animals and to renal cancer, brain cancer and lung cancer in humans, although studies of workers exposured to lead are often complicated by a concurrent exposure to arsenic.[14] Lead is known to substitute for zinc in a number of enzymes, including δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase) in the heme biosynthetic pathway and pyrimidine-5′-nucleotidase, important for the correct metabolism of DNA. An inorganic compound is a chemical compound that is not an organic compound. ... This page aims to list concisely all of the common inorganic & organometallic compounds of each element, whether or not they have an existing page. ... The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, or CIRC in its French acronym) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organisation of the United Nations. ... Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 2A: The agent (mixture) is probably carcinogenic to humans. ... Renal cell carcinoma, also known by a gurnistical tumor, is the most common form of kidney cancer arising from the renal tubule. ... A glioma is a type of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor that arises from glial cells. ... A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either found in the brain itself (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels), in the cranial nerves (myelin-producing Schwann cells), in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland... Lung cancer is the malignant transformation and expansion of lung tissue, and is the most lethal of all cancers worldwide, responsible for up to 3 million deaths annually. ... General Name, Symbol, Number arsenic, As, 33 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 4, p Appearance metallic gray Atomic mass 74. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... Porphobilinogen synthase (or ALA dehydratase, or Aminolevulinate dehydratase) synthesizes porphobilinogen through the asymmetric condensation of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid. ... Structure of Heme b A heme or haem is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin. ... The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living organisms. ...


Due care should be taken before and during handling of lead(II) nitrate, including the use of protective equipment such as eye and face protection and rubber gloves. Experiments with lead(II) nitrate should be conducted in fume hoods, and spillages must not be discharged to the environment (details in the material safety data sheets, as listed under external links). A common modern fume hood. ... An example MSDS in a US format provides guidance for handling a hazardous substance and information on its composition and properties. ...


See also

Chemistry Portal

Image File history File links Portal. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Naples Yellow is a warm yellow pigment containing lead carbonate. ... Red lead, also called minium or lead tetroxide, is a bright red or orange crystalline or amorphous pigment. ...

References

  1. ^ Pigment through the ages. WebExhibits. Retrieved on 2006-10-11.
  2. ^ Lead. Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. Retrieved on 2006-10-11.
  3. ^ Libavius, Andreas (1595). Alchemia Andreæ Libavii. 
  4. ^ Ferris, L.M. (December 1959). "Lead nitrate—Nitric acid—Water system" (PDF). Journal of Chemicals and Engineering Date. Retrieved on 2006-10-11. 
  5. ^ Pauley, J. L.; M. K. Testerman (1954). "Basic Salts of Lead Nitrate Formed in Aqueous Media". Journal of the American Chemical Society: pp4220-4222. 
  6. ^ Hamilton, W.C. (1957). "A neutron crystallographic study of lead nitrate". Acta Cryst. 10: 103-107. DOI:10.1107/S0365110X57000304. 
  7. ^ Nowotny, H.; G. Heger (1986). "Structure refinement of lead nitrate" (pdf). Acta Cryst. C42: p133-135. DOI:10.1107/S0108270186097032. 
  8. ^ Rogers, Robin D.; Andrew H. Bond, and Debra M. Roden (1996). "Structural Chemistry of Poly (ethylene glycol). Complexes of Lead(II) Nitrate and Lead(II) Bromide". Inorg. Chem.: pp6964-6973. DOI:10.1021/ic960587b. 
  9. ^ Mahjoub, Ali Reza; Ali Morsali (2001). "A Dimeric Mixed-Anions Lead(II) Complex: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Pb2(BTZ)4(NO3)(H2O)](ClO4)3 {BTZ = 4,4'-Bithiazole}". Chemistry Letters 30(12): 1234. DOI:10.1246/cl.2001.1234. 
  10. ^ Wan, Shuang-Yi; Jian Fan, Taka-aki Okamura, Hui-Fang Zhu, Xing-Mei Ouyang, Wei-Yin Sun and Norikazu Ueyama (2002). "2D 4.82 Network with threefold parallel interpenetration from nanometer-sized tripodal ligand and lead(II) nitrate". Chem. Commun.: 2520–2521. DOI:10.1039/b207568g. 
  11. ^ Adlam, G.H.J.; Price, L.S. (1945). Higher School Certificate Inorganic Chemistry. 
  12. ^ Greenwood, N.N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, p456. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  13. ^ e.g. France: Art. R234-20, Code du travail.
  14. ^ (2004-02-10) Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Inorganic and organic lead compounds. IARC. Retrieved on 2006-11-02. 

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External links

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  Results from FactBites:
 
Lead(II) oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (142 words)
Lead(II) oxide, or litharge, is a yellow oxide of lead of formula PbO, created by heating lead in air.
It can also be formed by heating lead(II) nitrate(V) (Pb(NO It is used in the manufacture of paints and in glass, as well as in vulcanization.
A mixture with glycerine sets to a hard, waterproof cement that has been used to join the flat glass sides and bottoms of aquaria Ref: [1].
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