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Encyclopedia > Lebanese Front

The Lebanese Front (Arabic: الجبهة اللبنانية) was a right-wing coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War. It was intended to act as a counter force to the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) of Kamal Jumblatt and others. Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Christianity. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syrian Army LNM PLO Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat The multi-sided Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman Empire and was exacerbated by the nation... The Lebanese National Movement was led by Kamal Jumblat, a prominent Druze. ... Kamal Jumblatt (Arabic: كمال جنبلاط; (December 6, 1917 – March 16, 1977) was an important Lebanese politician. ...


Its main participants were the Kataeb Party (Phalange) of Pierre Gemayel, Suleiman Franjieh and his Marada Brigade, the National Liberal Party (NLP) of Camille Chamoun and the Guardians of the Cedars of Etienne Saqr. The founders of the coalition worked fine together for many years until the events of 1978. The alliance was destroyed after Israel interfered and Bashir Germayel came into the scene of Lebanese politics and his actions to unify the militias by force. The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... Suleiman Frangieh Suleiman Frangieh, last name also spelt Frangié, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh, (15 June 1910 - 23 July 1992, was President of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976. ... The Marada Brigade was a Maronite Christian faction in the Lebanese civil war. ... The National Liberal Party (Hizb al-Watanyin al-Ahrar) is a political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958. ... Camille Chamoun Camille Nimr Chamoun (b. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Lebanese Renewal Party. ... Etienne Saqr is a right wing Lebanese nationalist politician and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia group. ...


At the beginning of the war, the then not yet formally established Front totaled roughly 18,000 militiamen, but this number changed as many elements were non full-time militiamen.


Suleiman Franjieh's Marada ended its connection with the Lebanese Front in 1978, the year his son Tony and his family were killed. Bashir Gemayel (son of Pierre) and the Lebanese Forces unsuccessfully tried to take over the Marada by force. The Lebanese Forces violently took over their allies' militia component, the Ahrar Militia (The Tigers) in July 1980. Dany Chamoun who led the Tigers ended his connection with the Lebanese Front after the collapse of his militia, although his father Camille adopted a conciliatory position. There were times where Bashir Gemayel would exercise his powers over his brother Amin and his men. The Marada Brigade was a Maronite Christian faction in the Lebanese civil war. ... Dany Chamoun (in white robes) with General Michel Aoun, on the balcony of the presidential palace in Baabda Dany Chamoun (Arabic: داني شمعون) (August 26, 1934 – October 21, 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician. ...


The Lebanese Front was a loose political coalition and the strongest force in lebanon back in its time. The members of this coalition broke off as Bashir Gemayel tried to absorb all members under his wing which lead to bloody attacks on his allies. Many believe this caused the breakup of the United Christian Lebanese Front as Bashir Gemayel also had fall outs with the prominent Christian families which led to violence which ultimately lead to his assassination. The members of this coalition created a strong political alliance before the breakup.


As the Lebanese Forces developed, under the command of Bashir Gemayel, later in 1986 Samir Geagea became leader after years of attempts in forcing out other elected LF leaders and potential LF leadership successors. It was the second strongest Christian militia after the Lebanese Front until Israel stopped funding them with arms in the early mid 80's. Then Samir Geagea fought off other LF members for years with the goal of taking over the LF led them to war with the General Michel Aoun and the Lebanese Army which led to the disarmament of the Lebanese Forces. Samir Geagea was found guilty of assassinating his former ally Dany Chamoun and his family who was also a supporter of Michel Aoun.He was also charged with other war crimes. The Lebanese Forces is presently a political party in the Lebanese Parliament. The LF currently hold 5 seats (they control 4.0% in parliament) of the 128 seats available in the Lebanese Parliament. Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية ) is a Lebanese party and a militia, which played a major role in the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 till 1990. ... Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir, (November 10, 1947 - September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... Samir Geagea (Arabic: سمير جعجع,also Samir Ja`ja`, born October 25, 1952) is leader of the ultra-right wing Lebanese Forces (LF) militia. ... General Michel Aoun Michel Naim Aoun (ميشال عون) (born 17 February 1935 in Beirut) is a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... Dany Chamoun (in white robes) with General Michel Aoun, on the balcony of the presidential palace in Baabda Dany Chamoun (Arabic: داني شمعون) (August 26, 1934 – October 21, 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician. ... General Michel Aoun Michel Naim Aoun (ميشال عون) (born 17 February 1935 in Beirut) is a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... ... ...


In the last few years there have been continual attempts to rebuild the coalition that existed before the incidents of 1978.


  Results from FactBites:
 
Lebanese Forces : The Lebanon We Want To Build Up (4784 words)
The Lebanese Front also knows that it speaks in the name of an overwhelming majority of the people of Lebanon, although it recognizes that part of this majority is not in a position to express its opinion freely.
The Lebanese Front believes in the necessity of reconsidering the structural formula which has determined the politics of Lebanon since 1943, with a view to modifying it in such a way as to prevent any friction or clash between the members of the same Lebanese family.
Moreover, the Lebanese Front believes that the Christians, all of them, cannot part from their brethren of the other minorities who have, for hundreds of years, contributed with them to the formation of this homeland, so unique and brave and with such a distinctive personality of its own in the Middle East.
Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Lebanon / Appendix B (1536 words)
The two combatant coalitions in the Civil War were the right- wing Christian Lebanese Front, sometimes called the Kufur Front, and the left-wing Muslim Lebanese National Movement.
Known in Arabic as the Kataib, the Phalangist Party was the mainstay of the Lebanese Front and bore the brunt of the fighting for the Christian side.
The establishment of the LAA was announced on January 21, 1976, by Lieutenant Ahmad al Khatib, a Sunni Muslim officer in the Lebanese Armed Forces.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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