Lee Kuan Yew (also spelt Lee Kwan-Yew) (born September 16, 1923) (Chinese: 李光耀, Pinyin: Lǐ Guāng Yào) was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. He has remained the most influential politician in Singapore since his retirement as Prime Minister. Under the administration of Singapore's second prime minister, Goh Chok Tong, he served as Senior Minister. He currently holds the newly-created post of Minister Mentor under his son Lee Hsien Loong, who became the nation's third prime minister on August 12, 2004. He is also known informally as Harry to his close friends and family, although this first name is never used in politics. September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Pinyin (拼音, pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... The Prime Minister of Singapore is the elected head of government of the Republic of Singapore (and prior of August 9, 1965, the State of Singapore), being the leader of the largest party in the unicameral Parliament. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A politician is an individual involved in politics. ... Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Zuòdòng; Minnan Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 26, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ... The political office of Senior Minister in the political system of Singapore is taken by a Prime Minister when he retires from that office, but still has something to offer the government based on his long experience. ... Minister Mentor is a cabinet position created by the Singapore government in 2004 as part of a major leadership reshuffle. ... Lee Hsien Loong (Hanzi: 李显龙/李顯龍; pinyin: Lǐ XiÇŽnlóng; born February 10, 1952) is the third Prime Minister of Singapore. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Early life

The eldest child of Lee Chin Koon and Chua Jim Neo, Lee Kuan Yew was born at 92 Kampong Java Road in Singapore, in a large and airy bungalow. As a child Lee was strongly influenced by British culture, due in part to his grandfather, Lee Hoon Leong, who had given his sons an English education. This was evidenced by the fact that his grandfather gave him the name "Harry" in addition to his Chinese name (given by his father) Kuan Yew, as a sign of respect and admiration for the British.

Lee was educated at Telok Kurau Primary School, Raffles Institution, and Raffles College. His university education was delayed by World War II and the 1942–1945 Japanese occupation of Singapore. During the occupation, he operated a successful black market business selling a tapioca-based glue called Stikfas¹. Having taken Chinese and Japanese lessons since 1942, he was able to work as a transcriber of Allied wire reports for the Japanese, as well as being the English-language editor on the Japanese Hodobu (報道部 — an information or propaganda department) from 1943 to 1944², though it has long been rumored that he was secretly passing intelligence to the British [1]. Name Raffles Institution Abbreviation RI School Code 3009 Chinese Name 莱佛士书院 Pinyin Láifóshì ShÅ«yuàn Malay Institusi Raffles Tamil ராப்பிள்ஸ் கல்வி நிலையம் Address 1 Raffles Institution Lane Country Singapore Town Bishan Founded 5 June 1823 Type Independent, Single Session Students Boys Levels Secondary 1 to 4 Colours Green Black White Motto... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air, August 9, 1945. ... This article is about the year. ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The black market is the sector of economic activity involving illegal economic dealings, typically the buying and selling of merchandise illegally. ... Tapioca is an essentially flavourless starchy ingredient, or fecula, produced from treated and dried cassava (manioc) root and used in cooking. ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After the war, he studied law at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge in the United Kingdom. He returned to Singapore in 1949 to work as a lawyer in Laycock and Ong, the legal practice of John Laycock, a pioneer of multiracialism who, together with A.P. Rajah and C.C. Tan, had founded Singapore's first multiracial club open to Asians. Full name Fitzwilliam College Motto Ex antiquis et novissimis optima Best of the old - and of the latest Named after Fitzwilliam Museum, named after Richard Fitzwilliam Previous names Fitzwilliam Hall [Non collegiate] (1869), Fitzwilliam House [Non collegiate] (1924) Established 1966 Sister College St Edmund Hall Master Prof. ... 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... A lawyer is a person licensed by the state to advise clients in legal matters and represent them in courts of law (and in other forms of dispute resolution). ...

Lee and Kwa Geok Choo were married on September 30, 1950, and had two sons and one daughter. Lee Kuan Yew and his wife welcoming Deng Xiaoping to Singapore Kwa Geok Choo is the wife of Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew in Singapore. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 92 days remaining, as the final day of September. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Rise to leadership

On 21 November 1954, Lee and a group of fellow English-educated, middle-class men, formed the socialist People's Action Party (PAP) to agitate for self-government for Singapore, and an end to British colonial rule. An inaugural conference was held at Victoria Memorial Hall, packed with over 1,500 supporters and trade unionists. November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1954 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Peoples Action Party (PAP) is a political party in Singapore. ...

In April 1955, Lee contested and won the election for the Tanjong Pagar constituency, and became an assemblyman. Lee resigned in 1957 from the assembly, to accept the challenge with David Marshall to contest the by-election. 1955 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tanjong Pagar is located within the Central Business District in Singapore. ...

On June 1, 1959, the self-government was formed following Lee's victory over the Labour Front party. Singapore achieved autonomy in all state matters except in defence and foreign affairs on June 3, 1959. June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Labour Front is a political party in Singapore. ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Prime Minister

Self-government adminstration

After the PAP won the 1959 in the national elections, forty-three of the fifty-one seats in the Legislative Assembly, Lee became the Prime Minister of the state of Singapore on 3 June 1959, taking over from chief minister Lim Yew Hock. Lee demanded the release of Lim Chin Siong and Devan Nair before he took office. The Peoples Action Party (PAP) is a political party in Singapore. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lim Yew Hock the loser (1914-1984) was Singapore’s second Chief Minister from 1956 to 1959. ... A young Lim Chin Siong during a political rally. ... Chengara Veetil Devan Nair, also known as C. V. Devan Nair, (born 1923) was the third President of Singapore and was elected by Parliament on October 23, 1981. ...

Lee subsequently opened the Self-governing State's Legistative Assemby on July 1959.

In December 1959, Lee replaced Sir William Goode with Yusuf bin Ishak as the Yang di-Pertuan Negara; bin Ishak became the president of Singapore in 1965. 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Inche Yusuf bin Ishak (August 12, 1910 - November 23, 1970) was an eminent Singaporean politician. ... The Yang di-Pertuan Negara or Head of State of Singapore replaced the British colonial Governor under the constitution of 1959 which granted Singapore limited self-government. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

Lee faced many problems after gaining self-rule for Singapore from the British, including education, housing, and unemployment. In response to the housing problem, Lee passed the Housing and Development Act of 1960, which replaced the existing Singapore Improvement Trust with the Housing and Development Board (HDB), who (in the same year) built the first HDB flats at Queenstown. Lee also inspected the passing out of the first batch of Work Brigade leaders in June 1960, which was formed by the government to assist problems in unemployment. HDB Logo The Housing and Development Board (HDB) is the government agency responsible for Singapores public housing programme. ...

In 1962, Lee Kuan Yew, accompanied by Hon Sui Sen, chairman of the Economic Development Board, inspected Jurong to be developed under the industralisation programme. Hon Sui Sen (b. ...

Merger with Malaysia, then separation

Lee began to campaign for a merger with Malaysia to end British colonial rule, following Tunku's suggestion to form a federation which brings Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei, which he announced on 27 May 1961 at the Foreign Correspondents Association of Southeast Asia. May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Lee agreed to the idea after a meeting with Tunku Abdul Rahman on August 8, 1962. He used the results of a referendum held on September 1, 1962, in which 70% of the votes were cast in support of his proposal, to demonstrate that the people supported his plan. During Operation Coldstore, Lee crushed the pro-communist factions who were strongly opposing the merger and who were allegedly involved in subversive activities. August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The 1962 Merger Referendum of Singapore was a referendum held in Singapore on September 1, 1962, which called for people to vote on the terms of merger with Malaysia. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... In February 1963, the government of Singapore conducted a security operation, named Operation Coldstore, and arrested at least 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists. ...

On September 16, 1963, Singapore became part of the Federation of Malaysia. However, the union was short-lived. The Malaysian Central Government, ruled by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), became worried by the inclusion of Singapore’s Chinese majority and the political challenge of the PAP in Malaysia. Lee openly opposed the bumiputra policy and used the Malaysian Solidarity Convention's famous cry of "Malaysian Malaysia!", a nation serving the Malaysian nationality, as opposed to the Malay race. PAP-UMNO relations were seriously strained. Some in UMNO also wanted Lee to be arrested. September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy, nominally headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (paramount ruler), customarily referred to as the king. ... The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu in Malay, is the largest political party in Malaysia and a founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition, which has ruled the country uninterrupted since independence. ... Bumiputra (Sanskrit, translated literally, it means sons of the Earth; Malay, translated literally, it means princes of the Earth), sometimes spelled Bumiputera, is an official definition widely used in Malaysia, embracing ethnic Malays as well as other indigenous ethnic groups. ... The sometimes tumultous relationship between the Peoples Action Party and United Malays National Organisation, which were, and still are, the ruling parties respectively of Singapore and Malaysia, has impacted the recent history of both States. ... The sometimes tumultous relationship between the Peoples Action Party and United Malays National Organisation, which were, and still are, the ruling parties respectively of Singapore and Malaysia, has impacted the recent history of both States. ...

Lee Kuan Yew broke down emotionally during a televised speech on 9 August 1965

Race riots followed, such as that on Muhammad's birthday (21 July 1964), near Kallang Gasworks, in which twenty-three were killed and hundreds injured as Chinese and Malays attacked each other. Today, it is still disputed how it started, and theories include a bottle being thrown into a Muslim rally by a Chinese, while others argued that it was started by a Malay. More riots broke out in September 1964, as the rioters looted cars and shops, forcing both Tunku Abdul Rahman and Lee Kuan Yew to make public appearances in order to soothe the situation. The price of food skyrocketed during this period, due to the disruption in transport, which caused further hardship. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Muhammad is a common male name for Muslims. ... July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Shah (February 8, 1903–December 6, 1990) usually known as the Tunku (a princely title in Malaysia), and also called Bapa Kemerdekaan (Father of Independence) or Bapa Malaysia (Father of Malaysia), was Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya...

Unable to resolve the crisis, the Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku, Abdul Rahman, decided to expel Singapore from Malaysia, choosing to "sever all ties with a State Government that showed no measure of loyalty to its Central Government". Lee was adamant and tried to work out a compromise, but without success. He was later convinced by Goh Keng Swee that the secession was inevitable. Lee Kuan Yew signed a separation agreement on August 7, 1965, which discussed Singapore's post-separation relations with Malaysia in order to continue cooperation in areas such as trade and mutual defence. Goh Keng Swee (吴庆瑞, pinyin: Wú Qìngruì, born October 6, 1918, Malacca) is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

The failure of the merger was a heavy blow to Lee, who believed that it was crucial for Singapore’s survival. In a televised press conference, he broke down emotionally as he announced the separation to the people:

"For me, it is a moment of anguish. All my life, my whole adult life, I believed in merger and unity of the two territories. ... Now, I, Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore, DO HEREBY PROCLAIM AND DECLARE on behalf on the people and the Government of Singapore that as from today, the ninth day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five, Singapore shall be forever a sovereign democratic and independent nation, founded upon the principles of liberty and justice and ever seeking the welfare and happiness of the people in a most and just equal society."

On that day, August 9, 1965, the Malaysian Parliament passed the required resolution that would sever Singapore's ties to Malaysia as a state, and thus the Republic of Singapore was created. It had no natural resources, an inadequate water supply, and little indigenous defence capability. Lee now faced the formidable task of building this new nation. August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

Post-independence administration

Lee Kuan Yew and his wife welcoming Deng Xiaoping to Singapore

In his biography, Lee Kuan Yew stated that he did not sleep well, and fell sick days after Singapore's independence, fearing that subsequent threats might come from Indonesia. As the British prime-minister at the time, Harold Wilson expressed concern upon learning of Lee's condition from the British High Commissioner, John Robb. In response to their concern, Lee replied: Download high resolution version (913x623, 702 KB)Lee Kuan Yew and Kwa Geok Choo welcoming Chinese Premier Deng Xiaoping to Singapore in the Istana palace in 1978. ... Download high resolution version (913x623, 702 KB)Lee Kuan Yew and Kwa Geok Choo welcoming Chinese Premier Deng Xiaoping to Singapore in the Istana palace in 1978. ... This article is about the British politician. ...

"Do not worry about Singapore. My colleagues and I are sane, rational people even in our moments of anguish. We will weigh all possible consequences before we make any move on the political chessboard..."

In 1965, under the newly formed Internal Security Act, the government (in which Lee was involved) arrested at least 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists in Operation Coldstore. In February 1963, the government of Singapore conducted a security operation, named Operation Coldstore, and arrested at least 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists. ...

Under Lee's direction, Singapore joined the United Nations (UN) on 21 September 1965, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on 8 August 1967. The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a political, economic, and cultural organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Lee made his first official visit to Indonesia in 25 May 1973, after years of the Konfrontasi under Sukarno's regime. Relations between Singapore and Indonesia substantially improved as subsequent visits were made between Singapore and Indonesia. May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... The Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was an intermittent war over the future of the island of Borneo, between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia in 1962-1966. ... Sukarno Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of Indonesia. ...

However, there were some tensions in diplomatic relations in view of the fact that Indonesian-Singaporean business ventures consist of mainly ethnic Indonesian Chinese businessmen, rather than Indigenious Indonesians (pribumi).

Until recently, Lee has also maintained a personal policy against gambling, although sweepstakes such as "4D" and "Toto" were allowed. In his speech as Minister Mentor, despite a proposal from Stanley Ho to open a floating casino in Marina Bay, Lee angrily responded: "No, over my dead body!" He was also said to be against the proposal to have Formula One racing in Singapore. Stanley Ho (the Westernized form of his name; Ho Hung-sun as his romanized traditional Chinese name, and sometimes Stanley Ho Hung-sun; 何鴻燊; pinyin: Hé Hóngshēn; born November 25, 1921 in Hong Kong) is a famous entrepreneur in Hong Kong and Macau. ... Marina Bay is an area in the south of Singapore, on the east side of the mouth of the Singapore River, next to the artificial bay created by land reclamation. ... Formula One, abbreviated to F1 and also known as Grand Prix racing, is the highest class of single-seat open-wheel formula auto racing. ...

As Singapore has never had a dominant culture to which immigrants could assimilate, nor a common language, together with efforts from the government and ruling party, Lee tried to create a common Singaporean identity in the 1970s and 1980s. This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ...

Lee attended the hearing of the Select Committee on the Legal Profession (Ammendment) Bill as a member in October 1986.

Lee and his government stressed the importance of maintaining religious tolerance and racial harmony, and they were ready to use the law to counter any threat that might incite ethnic and religious violence. For example, Lee warned against "insensitive evangelization", by which he referred to instances of Christian proselytising directed at Malays. In 1974, the government advised the Bible Society of Singapore to stop publishing religious materials in Malay. [2]

Decisions & policies

Lee had three main concerns – national security, the economy, and social issues – during his post-independence administration.

The vulnerability of Singapore was deeply felt with threats from multiple sources including the communists, Indonesia (with its Confrontation stance), and UMNO extremists who wanted to force Singapore back into Malaysia. As Singapore gained admission to the United Nations, Lee quickly sought international recognition of Singapore’s independence. He declared a policy of neutrality and non-alignment, following Switzerland’s model. At the same time, he assigned Goh Keng Swee with the task of building the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and requested help from other countries for advice, training and facilities. The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ... Neutral means balanced between two or more opposites. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is managed by the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), which is headed by the Minister of Defence. ...

With the announcement of having the intentions to pull out or cut down the troops from Singapore and Malaysia, In 1967, he and Goh introduced the National Service, a conscription program that developed a large reserve force that can be mobilized in a short notice. In January 1968, Lee bought some AMX-13 French-made tanks and a total of 72 refurbished tanks in 1972. 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Design work on the AMX-13 light tank began in 1946 at the Atelier de Construction dIssy-les-Moulineaux and the first prototype was completed two years later. ...

Later, Singapore was able to establish strong military relations with other nations of ASEAN, the Five-Powers Defense Agreement (FPDA) and other noncommunist states. This partially restored the security of the country following the withdrawal of British troops in 31 October 1971. Main languages See Languages of ASEAN Secretary General Ong Keng Yong of Singapore Area  - Total 4,480,000 km2 Population  - Total (2004)  - Density 550,000,000 122. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining, as the final day of October. ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ...

The separation from Malaysia signifies a permanent loss of a common market and an economic hinterland. The economic woes were further exacerbated by the British withdrawal that would eliminate over 50,000 jobs. Although the British government had back out from their earlier commitment to keep their bases till 1975, Lee decided not to strain the relationship with London. He convinced Harold Wilson to allow the substantial military infrastructure (including a dockyard) to be converted for civilian use, instead of destroying them in accordance with British law. With advices from Dr. Albert Winsemius, Lee set Singapore on the path of industrialization. In 1961, the Economic Development Board was established to attract foreign investment, offering attractive tax incentives and providing access to the highly skilled, disciplined and relatively low paid work force. At the same time, the government maintained tight control of the economy, regulating the allocation of land, labour and capital resources. Modern infrastructure of airport, port, roads, and communications networks were built. The Singapore Tourist Promotion Board was set up to promote tourism that would created many jobs in the service industry. In building the economy, Lee was assisted by his ablest ministers, especially Goh Keng Swee and Hon Sui Sen. They managed to reduce the unemployment rate from 14 percent in 1965 to 4.5 percent in 1973. 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... St Stevens Tower - The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London (see also alternative names) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... This article is about the British politician. ... Dr Albert Winsemius (1910-1996), a Dutch economist, was Singapores long-time economic advisor from 1961 to 1984. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) is the leading government agency that plans and executes strategies to sustain Singapore as a leading global hub for business and investment. ... The Singapore Tourism Board is a government agency in Singapore, tasked to promote the countrys tourism industry. ... Hon Sui Sen (b. ... 1965 was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ...

Lee designated English as the language of the workplace and the common language among the different races, while recognizing Malay, Chinese, and Tamil as the other three official languages. Most schools use English as the medium of instruction, although there are also lessons for the mother tongues.

Lee discouraged the usage of Chinese dialects by promoting Mandarin to be supplanted as the "Mother Tongue" of ethnic Chinese, in view of having a common language of communication within the Chinese community. In 1979, Lee officially launched the first Speak Mandarin Campaign. Lee also cancelled the broadcasting of all television programmes in dialects, with the exception of news and operas, for the beneficiary of the older audience. However, the policy worked at the expense of Chinese dialects; it was observed that most of the younger Chinese Singaporeans are no longer able to speak Chinese dialects fluently, thus they encountered some difficulty in communicating with their dialect-speaking grandparents.

In the 1970s, graduates of the Chinese-language Nanyang University were facing huge problem finding jobs because of their lack of command in the English language often required in the workforce, especially the public sector. Lee took the drastic measure to have Nanyang University absorbed by the English-language University of Singapore; the combined institution was renamed the National University of Singapore. This move greatly affected the Chinese-speaking professors who now have to teach in English. It was also opposed by some Chinese groups who had contributed significantly to the building of Nanyang University and therefore have strong emotional attachment to the school. Nanyang Technological University (NTU), in Singapore has a 2 km² campus in Jurong, in the south-western part of the country, some 25 km from the city centre. ... The National University of Singapores (Abbreviated NUS; Chinese: 新加坡国立大学; Abbreviated 国大) flagship Kent Ridge campus is located in the southwest of the Republic of Singapore at Kent Ridge, bounded by the Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE), Clementi Road, Buona Vista Road and Kent Ridge Park, with an area of approximately 1. ...

Like many Asian countries, Singapore was not immune to the disease of corruption. Lee was well aware how corruption had led to the downfall of the Nationalist Chinese government in mainland China. Fighting against the communists himself, he knew he had to “clean house”. Lee introduced legislation that give the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CIPB) greater power to conduct arrest, search, calling of witnesses, and investigation of bank accounts and income tax returns of suspected persons and their family. With Lee’s support, CPIB can investigate any officer or minister. Indeed, several ministers were later charged with corruption. The Kuomintang (KMT) or Nationalist Party of China (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguo Guomindang; literally the National Peoples Party of China) is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on... The terms governance and good governance are being increasingly used in development literature. ... Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) is a government agency in Singapore which investigates and persecutes corruption in the public and private sectors. ...

Lee believed that ministers should be well paid in order to maintain a clean and honest government. In 1994, he proposed to link the salaries of ministers, judges, and top civil servants to the salaries of top professionals in the private sector, arguing that this would help recruit and retain talents to serve in the public sector. 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ...

In 1983, Lee sparked the “Great Marriage Debate” when he encouraged Singapore men to choose women with high education as wives. He was concerned that a large number of graduate women were unmarried. Some sections of the population, including graduate women, were upset by his views. Nonetheless, a match-making agency Social Development Unit (SDU) was set up to promote socializing among men and women graduates. Lee also introduced incentives for graduate mothers to have third and fourth children, in a reversal of the over-successful “Stop-at-Two” family planning campaign in the 1960s and 1970s. 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1960s. ... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1970s. ...

Relations with Malaysia

Abdul Razak

Lee's relationship with Abdul Razak proved to be fairly stable, involving little serious dispute from 1972 until Razak's death in January 1976. Tun Abdul Razak bin Dato Hussein (1922-1976) was the second Prime Minister of Malaysia, ruling from 1970 to 1976. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1972 Razak suggested to Lee that the Malaysian and Singaporean stock exchanges should be separated; from then on, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur no longer shared a single economy.

Mahathir bin Mohamad

Lee's relationship with Mahathir bin Mohamad began in May 1965, when Mahathir was the M.P. for Kota Star Selatan in Kedah. Mahathir said that the PAP was: Y.A.Bhg Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad (born December 20, 1925) was the Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1981 to 2003. ...

"...pro-Chinese, communist-oriented and positively anti-Malay. .... In some police stations, Chinese is the official language, and statements are taken in Chinese. .... In industry, the PAP policy is to encourage Malays to become labourers only, but Malays were not given facilities to invest as well. ... It is, of course, necessary to emphasise that there are two types of Chinese — those who appreciate the need for all communities to be equally well-off and these are the MCA supporters to be found where Chinese have for generations lived and worked amidst the Malays and the other indigenous people, and the insular, selfish and arrogant type, of which Mr Lee is a good example. This latter type live in a purely Chinese environment where Malays only exist at syce level. ... They have never known Malay rule and could not bear the idea that the people that they have so long kept under their heels should now be in a position to rule them."

Lee looked forward to improving relationships with Mahathir upon the latter's promotion to Deputy Prime Minister. Knowing that Mahathir was in line to become the next Prime Minister of Malaysia, Lee invited Mahathir (through then-President of Singapore Devan Nair) to visit Singapore in 1978. This, and subsequent visits, improved both personal and diplomatic relationships between the two. Mahathir told Lee to cut off links with the Chinese leaders of the Democratic Action Party; in exchange, Mahathir undertook not to interfere in the affairs of the Malay Singaporeans. Chengara Veetil Devan Nair, also known as C. V. Devan Nair, (born 1923) was the third President of Singapore and was elected by Parliament on October 23, 1981. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Democratic Action Party (DAP) logo The Democratic Action Party (DAP, Parti Tindakan Demokratik in Malay) is Malaysias largest secular opposition party. ... The term Malay Singaporeans refers to Singaporeans of Malay descent. ...

In December 1981, Mahathir changed the time zone of the Malay Peninsula in order to create just one time zone for Malaysia, and Lee followed suit for economic and social reasons. Relations with Mahathir subsequently improved in 1982. The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ...

In January 1984 Mahathir imposed a RM100 levy on all goods vehicles leaving Malaysia and Singapore. However, when Musa Hitam's tried to discourage Mahathir's policy, the levy was doubled to discourage the use of Singapore's port, and a breakdown in relations with Malaysia was evident. Tan Sri Musa bin Hitam received his Bachelors degree from the University of Malaya and his Masters degree from the University of Sussex. ...

In a meeting at the Commonwealth Heads of Government in October 1987, both Lee and Mahathir worked to resolve the issues of two assult boats carrying four SAF personnel entering Sungei Melayu, a river that was within Malaysia's territoral waters, and ethnic issues concerning the Singapore's SAF. The meeting yielded results satisfactory to both leaders. The leaders of the nations with membership in the Commonwealth of Nations (or British Commonwealth) are collectively known as the Commonwealth Heads of Government. ...

Both Lee Kuan Yew and the then-Malaysian premier Mahathir reached a major agreement in Kuala Lumpur to build the Linggui dam on the Johor river in June 1988. Mahathir bin Mohamad (born December 20, 1925 in Alor Star, Kedah) was the Prime Minister of Malaysia from July 16, 1981 to 2003. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Lee approached Mahathir in 1989, when he intended to move the railway customs from Tanjong Pagar in Southern Singapore to Woodlands at the end of the Causeway, in part because of an increasing number of cases of drug smuggling into Singapore. This caused resentements in Malaysia, as some of the land would revert to Singapore when the railway tracks were no longer used. In response, Mahathir designated Daim Zainuddin, then Minister of Finance of Malaysia, to settle the terms. Customs duty is a tariff or tax on the import or export of goods. ... Tanjong Pagar is located within the Central Business District in Singapore. ... Woodlands is a town in the northern part of Singapore comprising four distinctive housing estates. ...

After months of negotiation, an agreement was reached involving the joint development of three main parcels of land in Tanjong Pagar, Kranji, and Woodlands. Malaysia had a sixty percent share, while Singapore had a forty percent share. The Points of Agreement (POA) was signed on 27 November 1990, a day before Lee stepped down as Prime Minister. November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legacy and controversies

During the three decades in which Lee was in office, Singapore grew from a status of being a developing country, a euphemism for a poor economic status, to one of the most developed nations in the world, despite its small population and lack of natural resources. Lee has often stated that Singapore's only natural resources are its people and their strong work ethic. He is widely respected by many Singaporeans, particularly the older generation, who remember his inspiring leadership during independence and the separation from Malaysia. He has often been credited as the architect of Singapore's present prosperity (although a significant role was also played by his Deputy Prime Minister, Dr. Goh Keng Swee, who was in charge of the economy.) A developing country is a country with a low income average, a relatively backwards infrastructure and a poor human development index when compared to the global norm. ... A developed country is a country that is technologically advanced and that enjoys a relatively high standard of living. ... Goh Keng Swee (吴庆瑞, pinyin: Wú Qìngruì, born October 6, 1918, Malacca) is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore. ...

On the other hand, some Singaporeans have criticized Lee as elitist and even an autocrat. Lee was once quoted as saying he preferred to be feared than loved. He has implemented some harsh measures to allegedly suppress political opposition, such as outlawing public demonstrations without an explicit police permit, the restriction of the press publication, the use of defamation lawsuits (which, according to his worst critics, have little merit) to bankrupt political opponents. Elitism is a belief or attitude that an elite (a selected group of persons whose personal abilities, specialized training or other attributes place them at the top of any field) are the people whose views on a matter are to be taken most seriously, or who are alone fit to... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... A lawsuit is a civil action brought before a court in which the party commencing the action, the plaintiff, seeks a legal remedy. ... Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ...

On one occasion, after a court ruling in favour of Lee was overturned by the Privy Council, the right of appeal to the Council was abolished. He had previously won such cases. During his premiership from 1965 to 1990, he incarcerated Chia Thye Poh, a former MP of an opposition party, the Barisan Socialis, for 22 years under the Internal Security Act for being an alleged member of the Malayan Communist Party, only to be released in 1989³. He abolished the "Trial by Jury" in the courts, hence giving full authority to the judges in their judicial decisions. A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, especially in a monarchy. ... Chia Thye Poh is a famous intellectual and political dissident of Singapore. ...

Senior Minister

After leading the PAP in seven elections, Lee stepped down on 26 November 1990, and handed over the prime minister position to Goh Chok Tong through handing over his letter of resignation to Wee Kim Wee at 2.40pm. With his resignation as Prime Minister, the process of succession was completed. November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Zuòdòng; Minnan Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 26, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ... President Wee Kim Wee Wee Kim Wee (黄金辉, Huáng Jīnhuī) (November 4, 1915–May 2, 2005) was the fourth President of Singapore, from 1985 to 1993. ...

This leadership transition was meticulously planned and executed. The recruitment and grooming for the second generation leaders took place as early as 1970s. In the 1980s, Goh and the younger leaders started to assume important cabinet positions. Prior to the official transition, all other first generation leaders (the "old guards") were retired, including Goh Keng Swee, S. Rajaratnam and Toh Chin Chye. Being so thoroughly planned, the transition was quite a non-event in Singapore, even though it was the first leadership transition since independence. By stepping down when he was still mentally alert and in good health, Lee set himself apart from other strong contemporary Asian leaders such as Mao Zedong, Suharto, Ferdinand Marcos, and Ne Win, who had stayed in power for too long and left their countries in disarray. Goh Keng Swee (吴庆瑞, pinyin: Wú Qìngruì, born October 6, 1918, Malacca) is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore. ... Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976) was the chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1943 and the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death. ... General Soeharto (commonly known as Suharto in the English-speaking world) (born June 8, 1921) was an Indonesian leader and military strongman. ... Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth President of the Philippines. ... Ne Win Bo Ne Win (May 24, 1911 - December 5, 2002) (born Shu Maung) was a Burmese military commander and ruler of the country from 1962 until 1988. ...

As Goh Chok Tong became the head of government, Lee remained in the cabinet with a non-executive position of Senior Minister and played a role he described as advisory. In public, Lee would refer to Goh as "my Prime Minister", in deference to Goh's authority. Nonetheless, Lee's opinions still carry weight with the public and in the cabinet. He still wields enormous influence in the country and is ready to use it when necessary. As he said in a 1988 National Day rally: The political office of Senior Minister in the political system of Singapore is taken by a Prime Minister when he retires from that office, but still has something to offer the government based on his long experience. ...

"Even from my sick bed, even if you are going to lower me into the grave and I feel something is going wrong, I will get up."

Lee subsequently stepped down as the Secretary-General of the PAP and was succeeded by Goh Chok Tong in November 1992. Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Zuòdòng; Minnan Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 26, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ...

Lee refrained from official dealings with all ASEAN governments, including Malaysia, so as not to cross lines with his successor, Goh Chok Tong. He played a major role, however, with regard to the economy, such as with the agreement of the transfer of public-adminstration software for the development and management of Suzhou's Industrial Park with then Vice-president Li Lanqing on February 26, 1994. Main languages See Languages of ASEAN Secretary General Ong Keng Yong of Singapore Area  - Total 4,480,000 km2 Population  - Total (2004)  - Density 550,000,000 122. ... Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Zuòdòng; Minnan Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 26, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ... Li Lanqing (李岚清，born 1932) is a prominent Chinese politician. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ...

In January 1997, Lee swore in an affidavit that Johor Bahru was "notorious for shootings, muggings and car-jackings", causing a furore in Malaysia when the case made its way into the press via a defendant who had absconded to Johor. Lee made an unreserved apology, and subsequently removed his statements from official records. District Johor Bahru District Area  - Total (City) 185 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan 500,000 1,500,000 Time zone UTC+8 Latitude Longitude 1°29′ N 103°44′ E Johor Bahru, also spelled Johor Baru or Johore Bahru and near-universally abbreviated as JB, is the largest city and... State Motto: the state moto as appeared on the coat of arms reads kepada Allah berserah which literally means all hopes is to God (Allah) Capital Johor Bahru Sultan Iskandar Al-haj Chief minister Abdul Ghani Othman Area 19,984 km² Population 2. ...

Minister Mentor

On 12 August, 2004, Goh Chok Tong stepped down in favour of Lee's son, Lee Hsien Loong. Goh became the Senior Minister and Lee Kuan Yew assumed a new cabinet position of Minister Mentor. Lee Hsien Loong (Hanzi: 李显龙/李顯龍; pinyin: Lǐ Xiǎnlóng; born February 10, 1952) is the third Prime Minister of Singapore. ... Minister Mentor is a cabinet position created by the Singapore government in 2004 as part of a major leadership reshuffle. ...

As Minister Mentor, Lee always took the opportunity to meet foreign leaders and ministers visiting Singapore, especially those who intended to meet his son.

Regarding gambling laws, Lee stated that he was "emotionally and intellectually" against gambling. However, he made no opposition to his son's proposal to allow casinos in the country, stating: "Having a casino is something the new leaders will have to decide". The Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City, New Jersey Slot machines are commonplace in casinos A casino is a building that accommodates gambling. ...

Recently, Lee has expressed his concern about the declining proficiency of Mandarin among younger Singaporeans. In one of his parliamentary speeches, he said: "Singaporeans must learn to juggle English and Mandarin". Subsequently, he launched a television program, 华语!, in January 2005, in an attempt to attract young viewers to learn Mandarin. Standard Mandarin refers to the official Chinese spoken language used by the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of China on Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. ...

In June 2005, Lee published a book, Keeping My Mandarin Alive, documenting his decades of effort to master Mandarin — a language which he said he had to re-learn due to disuse:

"...because I don't use it so much, therefore it gets disused and there's language loss. Then I have to revive it. It's a terrible problem because learning it in adult life, it hasn't got the same roots in your memory."

In an interview with CCTV on June 12, 2005, Lee stressed the need to have a continuous renewal of talent in the country's leadership, saying: China Central Television - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ...

"In a different world we need to find a niche for ourselves, little corners where in spite of our small size we can perform a role which will be useful to the world. To do that, you will need people at the top, decision-makers who have got foresight, good minds, who are open to ideas, who can seize opportunities like we did. ... My job really was to find my successors. I found them, they are there; their job is to find their successors. So there must be this continuous renewal of talented, dedicated, honest, able people who will do things not for themselves but for their people and for their country. If they can do that, they will carry on for another one generation and so it goes on. The moment that breaks, it's gone."

Lee also said that relations between China and Taiwan have become more stable ever since Beijing passed its controversial anti-secession law aimed at Taipei.

Family

Several members of Lee's family hold prominent positions in Singaporean society, and his sons and daughter hold high government and government-linked posts.

His elder son Lee Hsien Loong, a former Brigadier-General, has been the Prime Minister, since 2004, and Finance Minister of Singapore. He is also the Vice-Chairman of the Government of Singapore Investment Company (GIC) (Lee himself is the Chairman). Lee Hsien Loong (Hanzi: 李显龙/李顯龍; pinyin: Lǐ Xiǎnlóng; born February 10, 1952) is the third Prime Minister of Singapore. ...

Lee's younger son, Lee Hsien Yang, also a former Brigadier-General, is the President and Chief Executive Officer of SingTel, a pan-Asian telecommunications giant and Singapore's largest company by market capitalisation (listed on the Singapore Exchange, SGX). Sixty-two percent of SingTel is owned by Temasek Holdings, a prominent government holding company with controlling stakes in a variety of very large government-linked companies such as Singapore Airlines and DBS Bank. Temasek Holdings in turn is run by Ho Ching as Executive Director and CEO. Ho Ching is the wife of Lee's elder son, the Prime Minister. Lee's daughter, Lee Wei Ling, runs the National Neuroscience Institute, and remains unmarried. Lee Hsien Yang (born 1957) is the second son of Lee Kuan Yew and Kwa Geok Choo. ... SingTel (formerly Singapore Telecoms) is Singapores largest telecommunications company. ... Temasek Holdings is the investment arm of the Singapore government. ... A holding company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors. ... Categories: People stubs | Singaporean people ...

Lee's wife Kwa Geok Choo used to be a partner of the prominent legal firm Lee & Lee. His younger brothers, Dennis, Freddy, and Suan Yew were partners of the same firm. He also has a younger sister, Monica. Lee Kuan Yew and his wife welcoming Deng Xiaoping to Singapore Kwa Geok Choo is the wife of Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew in Singapore. ...

However, Lee has consistently denied charges of nepotism, arguing that his family members' privileged positions are based on personal merit. Nepotism means favoring relatives because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities. ...

Lee's father, Lee Chin Koon, died on October 12, 1997, at the age of 94, and his mother died in August 1980 at the age of 77. His brother, Dennis, died of cancer on November 14, 2003. October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... 1997 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In his biography, Lee stated that he was a fourth-generation Chinese Singaporean, contributing to the fact that his Hakka great-grandfather, Lee Bok Boon (born 1846), emigrated from the Dapu county of Guangdong province to the Straits Settlements in the 1862. Guangdong (Simplified Chinese: 广东; Traditional Chinese: 廣東; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuang-tung; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangtung or Canton Province, Jyutping: gwong2 dung1), is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Straits Settlements were a collection of territories of the British East India Company in Southeast Asia, which were given collective administration in 1826. ...

Values and beliefs

Lee was one of the leading advocates of Asian values, though his interpretation of Asian values is open to debate. Using his support of Asian values, Confucian, and to a lesser extent, Buddhist virtues were widely promoted by Lee in the 1980s. This was evidenced in his visits to Chinese temples. Asian values was a concept that came into vogue in the 1990s, predicated on the belief in the existence in Asian countries of a unique set of institutions and political ideologies which reflected the regions culture and history. ...

In an interview with the Singapore Straits Times, Lee said that he is an agnostic. Agnosticism is the philosophical and theological view that the existence of God, gods or deities is either unknown or inherently unknowable. ...

Memoirs

Lee Kuan Yew has written a two-volume set of memoirs: The Singapore Story (ISBN 0130208035), which covers his view of Singapore's history until its separation from Malaysia in 1965, and From Third World to First: The Singapore Story (ISBN 0060197764), which gives his account of Singapore's subsequent transformation into a prosperous first-world nation. Singapore played a relatively minor role in the history of Southeast Asia until 1819, when the Englishman Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founded a British port on the island. ...

Awards

• Lee has received a number of state decorations, including the Order of the Companions of Honour (1970), Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (1972), the Freedom of the City of London (1982), the Order of the Crown of Johore First Class (1984), the Order of Great Leader (1988) and the Order of the Rising Sun (1967).
• Lee also received other decorations which include the highest honour of Honourary Fellowship of the Edinburgh Royal College of Medicine (1988), and Man for Peace (1990)
• In 2002, Lee Kuan Yew was formally admitted to the Fellowship of Imperial College London in recognition of his promotion of international trade and industry, and development of science and engineering study initiatives with the UK.[3]

State decorations are orders, medals and other decorations granted by a sovereign state. ... The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order (decoration). ... Freedom of the City is an award made by towns and cities, to esteemed members of its community; such people may then be termed Freemen or Freewomen of the City. ... St Stevens Tower - The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London (see also alternative names) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... The Order of the Crown of Johor, or Seri Paduka Mahkota Johor, is an chivalrous medal awarded by the Sultan of Johor. ... Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun The Order of the Rising Sun or Kyokujitsu sho(旭日章) is a Japanese Order (decoration), established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. ... Royal School of Mines Entrance Imperial College London is a college of the University of London which focuses on science and technology, and is located in South Kensington in London. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about:

Lee Kuan Yew

• http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/lee1.html. Lee was chosen as Asia's 100 most influential persons of the century by TIMEAsia magazine.
• War of Words Alejandro Reyes, Asiaweek.com, September 25, 1998. Retrieved 2004-12-08
• Lee Kuan Yew: A Chronology, 1923-1965 Largely based on Lee Kuan Yew. The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: Times, 1998. Retrieved 2004-12-08
• Free After 32 Lost Years Chia Thye Poh interview with Newsweek magazine. Retrieved 2004-12-12
• The Economist's apology The Economist magazine's apology to Lee Kuan Yew and Lee Hsien Loong for its 2004 nepotism article
• Gene expression: Lee Kuan Yew
• Orbituary of Lee Chin Koon

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... 8:17 am, August 6, 1945, Japanese time. ...

The Prime Minister of Singapore is the elected head of government of the Republic of Singapore (and prior of August 9, 1965, the State of Singapore), being the leader of the largest party in the unicameral Parliament. ... Goh Chok Tong (Chinese: 吴作栋, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Zuòdòng; Minnan Gô· Chok-tòng; born May 20, 1941), was the second Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from November 26, 1990 to August 12, 2004, succeeding Lee Kuan Yew. ...