Communism

History of Communism This article is about communism as a form of society built around a gift economy, as an ideology that advocates that form of society, and as a popular movement. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... What is Communism As a theoretical social and economic system, communism would be a type of egalitarian society with no state, no privately owned means of production and no social class. ... Schools of communism Marxism · Leninism Trotskyism · Maoism Left Communism Eurocommunism Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism (a form of Communism); it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... Trotskyism can refer to either the body of ideas associated with Leon Trotsky or the movement based on those ideas. ... Maoism or Mao Tse-tung Thought (Chinese: 毛泽东思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), is a variant of Marxism-Leninism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893–1976). ... Left Communism is a term describing a whole range of communist viewpoints which oppose the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position which is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses. ... Eurocommunism was an attempt in the 1970s by various European communist parties to widen their appeal by embracing public sector middle-class workers, and new social movements such as feminism and gay liberation and rejecting unquestioning support of the Soviet Union, and express more clearly their fidelity to democratic institutions. ... Communist party Communist International World Communist Movement In modern usage, a Communist party is a political party which promotes Communism, a sociopolitical philosophy based on the particular interpretation of Marxism put forth by Vladimir Lenin. ... The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. ... The World Communist Movement is an informal community of certain parties around the world. ... Communist states People's Republic of China Cuba · Vietnam Laos · North Korea A Communist state is a state governed by a single political party which declares its allegiance to the principles of Marxism-Leninism. ... Related Subjects Socialism Planned economy Anti-communism Anarcho-communism For information on mainstream political parties using the term Socialist, see Social democracy and Democratic socialism,For the governments of the USSR, the PRC, and others, see: Communist state, Other variants of Socialism include Marxism, Communism, and Libertarian Socialism. ... A planned economy is an economic system in which economic decisions are made by centralized planners who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be priced and allocated, and may include state ownership of the means of production. ... Anti-communism is opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either a theoretical or practical level. ... Anarcho-Communism, or Libertarian Communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ...

The Left Opposition was a faction within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during 1923-1927. Leon Trotsky was the de-facto leader of the Left Opposition. It was formed as part of the power struggle within the party leadership that began with Lenin's illness and intensified with his death. After Stalin consolidated his power, the Left Opposition was banned, and its members were expelled from the party. Leon Trotsky was forced to leave the Soviet Union and go into exile. For other usage of the initials CPSU see CPSU (disambiguation). ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij and Trotzky ) (October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist intellectual. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ...

In exile, Trotsky founded the International Left Opposition in 1930. It was meant to be an opposition group within the Comintern, but members of the Comintern were immediately expelled as soon as they joined (or were suspected of joining) the ILO. The ILO therefore concluded that opposing what it called Stalinism from within the communist organizations controlled by people who agreed with Stalin had become impossible, so new organizations had to be formed. In 1933, the ILO was renamed the International Communist League (ICL), which was the base of the Fourth International, founded in Paris in 1938. 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The International Communist League can refer to several Trotskyist political groupings: The name of the International Left Opposition, led by Trotsky, after 1933 and until 1936 when it became known as the Movement for the Fourth International. ... Emblem of the Fourth International The Fourth International was an international organisation of Trotskyist communists. ... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Nearly all members of the Left Opposition in the USSR were executed during the Moscow Trials of the Great Purge. The Moscow Trials were a series of trials of political opponents of Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge. ... The Great Purge is the name given to campaigns of repression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s which included a purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ...

See the article on the Fourth International for the history of the Left Opposition after 1933. Emblem of the Fourth International The Fourth International was an international organisation of Trotskyist communists. ...

Leading members of the Left Opposition

• Leon Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) (1879-1940), People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, founder and commander of the Red Army and People's Commissar of War during the Russian Civil War, and de-facto leader of the Left Opposition.
• Karl Radek (1885-1939).
• Ivar Smilga (Ivar Tenisovich Smilga) (1892-1937), chairman of the Regional Committee of the Soviets in Finland in 1917, chairman of Tsentrobalt, Central Committee of the Baltic Fleet, 1917-1918).
• Yevgeni Preobrazhensky (1886-1937), the economic theoretician of the Left Opposition, the author of The New Economics book).
• Ivan N. Smirnov (1881-1936).
• Mikhail Boguslavsky (1886-1937).
• Sergei Mrachkovsky (1883-1936).
• Alexander Beloborodov (1891-1938).
• Christian Rakovsky (1873-1941).
• Lev Sosnovsky (Lev S. Sosnovsky) (1886-1937), a journalist
• Nikolai Muralov (Nikolai L. Muralov) (1877-1937), a hero of the Russian Civil War, once Deputy People's Commissar of Agriculture
• Georgy Pyatakov (1890-1937).
• Valerian Obolensky) (also known as N.Osinsky) (1887-1938), one of the leaders of the Group of Democratic Centralism.
• Timofei Sapronov (? - ?), one of the leaders of the Group of Democratic Centralism.
• Vladimir Smirnov (1887-1937), one of the leaders of the Group of Democratic Centralism.
• Andrey Bubnov (1884-1938).
• Georgy Oppokov (also known as A.Lomov) (1888-1937).
• Yakov Drobnis (? - ?).
• Iosif Kosior (1893-1937).
• Chen Duxiu (1879-1942): led the Left Opposition movement in China, breaking away from the pro-Comintern Chinese Communist Party.

1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij and Trotzky ) (October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist intellectual. ... The Russian Civil War was fought between 1918 and 1922. ... Categories: People stubs | 1885 births | 1939 deaths | Old Bolsheviks | Victims of Soviet repressions ... The Baltic Fleet, located at the Baltic Sea. ... Yevgeni Alekseyevich Preobrazhensky (1886-1937) was an Old Bolshevik, an economist and a member of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik faction and, its successor, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ... Ivan Nikitich Smirnov (Иван Никитич Смирнов in Russian) (1881 - August 25, 1936) was a Communist Party activist. ... Christian Georgievich Rakovsky (August 13 (August 1, Old Style), 1873 - 1941) was a Bolshevik revolutionary. ... The Russian Civil War was fought between 1918 and 1922. ... From 1919 to 1946, functions of ministers in the government of Russia and, later, the Soviet Union were performed by Peoples Commissars (Russian title: Narodny Komissar, or Narkom). ... Chen Duxiu (October 8, 1879 - May 27, 1942) played many different roles in Chinese history. ...

Related article

Dewey Commission The Dewey Commission was initiated in March 1937 by the American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky. It was named after its Chairman, John Dewey. ...