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Encyclopedia > Legal status of Western Sahara
It has been suggested that Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

This article is part of the series:
The Western Sahara conflict

Western Sahara Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... The Sharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile; this means that it does not control the entirity of its claimed territory, the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. ... // Western Sahara area has never formed a state in the modern sense of the word. ... Take to commons: Image:Map of Western Sahara. ...

Historical background
Disputed regions
Politics
Rebellions
UN involvement

 v • d • e  // Western Sahara area has never formed a state in the modern sense of the word. ... The Capsian culture brought Morocco into the Neolithic about 8000 BC, at a time when the Maghreb was less arid than it is today. ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... Spanish Sahara was the name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was ruled by Spain, created from the Spanish territories of Rio de Oro and La Aguera in 1924. ... The Ifni War, also known as the 1957 Invasion of Spanish Sahara and, in Spain, the Forgotten War (la Guerra Ignorada), was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents and indigenous Sahrawi rebels that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of... The Madrid Accords were a series of behind-the-scenes meetings between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania to partition the territory of Spanish Sahara held in 1975. ... One of the main functions of the International Court of Justice is to provide Advisory Opinions - non-binding legal interpretations admitted by United Nations organs. ... This article is about the historical event. ... The Berm of Western Sahara (Also known as the Moroccan Wall) is an approximately 2,700 km-long defensive structure, mostly a sand wall (or berm), running through Western Sahara and the southeastern portion of Morocco. ... // Morocco sees Western Sahara as its Southern Provinces, and has been claiming it since its independence in 1956. ... Ifni was a Spanish province on the African coast in what is now Morocco, south of Agadir and across from the Canary Islands. ... This region of Western Sahara makes up the northern third of the country. ... Río de Oro (Spanish for Gold River, Arabic: wādÄ«-ð-ðahab, often transliterated as Oued Edhahab), is, with Saguia el-Hamra, one of the two territories that formed the Spanish province of Spanish Sahara after 1969. ... The Moroccan name for Western Sahara. ... The Moroccan Constitution provides for a monarchy with a Parliament and an independent judiciary. ... The politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic take place in a framework of an area occupied and claimed by Morocco, and a republic in exile, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, that doesnt recognize the claims by Morocco. ... Since the end of the 1980s, several members of Polisario have decided to discontinue their military or political activities for the Polisario Front. ... The Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS) (French: Conseil royal consultatif pour les affaires sahariennes) is an appointed body of advisors to the Moroccan government working in the Southern Provinces, i. ... Autonomy for Western Sahara is proposed in a plan by Morocco as a solution to the Western Sahara conflict. ... The Army of Liberation (French, Armée de Libération, Arabic, jayshu-t-tahrÄ«r) was a force fighting for the independence of Morocco. ... Sahrawi movement for the independence of Western Sahara. ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation... The Zemla Intifada (Intifada means uprising) is the name for the disturbances of June 17, 1970, which culminated in a massacre by Spanish forces in the Zemla quarters of El-Aaiun, Western Sahara (then Spanish Sahara). ... The Independence Intifada (intifada is Arabic for uprising) is a Sahrawi name for the disturbances, demonstrations and riots that broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-held parts of Western Sahara. ... United Nations Security Council resolution 1495 was unanimously approved by the council on July 31, 2003 [1], and dealt with the decolonization process of Western Sahara. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1754 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1754 is a United Nations Security Council resolution intended to resolve the Western Sahara conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front. ... To assist in the decolonization process of the Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara), a colony in North Africa, the United Nations General Assembly in 1975 dispatched a visiting mission to the territory and the surrounding countries, in accordance with its resolution 3292 (December 13, 1974). ... MINURSO is a UN peacekeeping mission, established in 1991 to monitor the ceasefire and to organize and conduct a referendum which would enable the people of Western Sahara to choose between integration with Morocco and independence. ... The Settlement Plan was an agreement between the Polisario Front and Morocco on the organization of a referendum, which would constitute an expression of self-determination for the Sahrawi people of the non-decolonized territory of Western Sahara, possibly leading to full independence. ... The Free Zone is in yellow on the map. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The Baker Plan A United Nations plan to grant Western Sahara self-determination. ... The 2007 Manhasset negotiations (also known as Manhasset I and Manhasset II) are a series of talks taking place at Manhasset, New York between the Moroccan government and the representatives of the Sahrawi Polisario front rebel movement to resolve the Western Sahara conflict. ...

Western Sahara, formerly the Spanish colony of Spanish Sahara, is a disputed territory claimed by the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. Its legal status remains unresolved. An anachronous map of the Spanish Empire (1492-1898). ... Spanish Sahara was the name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was ruled by Spain, created from the Spanish territories of Rio de Oro and La Aguera in 1924. ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation...


The territory is mostly administered by Morocco since Spain handed over the territory to Morocco and Mauritania after the Madrid Accords in 1975-76. Part of the territory is controlled by the Polisario Front as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. A UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September, 1991. The Moroccan name for Western Sahara. ... The Madrid Accords were a series of behind-the-scenes meetings between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania to partition the territory of Spanish Sahara held in 1975. ... Main article: Western Sahara The Free Zone is the part of Western Sahara that lies to the east of the Border Wall and the actual border with Algeria (for map, see external links). ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation... An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. ...


In order to resolve the sovereignty issue, the United Nations (UN) has attempted to hold a referendum through the mission United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), and is holding direct talks between the kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front. “Sovereign” redirects here. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... MINURSO is a UN peacekeeping mission, established in 1991 to monitor the ceasefire and to organize and conduct a referendum which would enable the people of Western Sahara to choose between integration with Morocco and independence. ...

Contents

Positions of the parties

Kingdom of Morocco

The position of the Kingdom of Morocco is that all of Western Sahara is an integral part of the Kingdom. The Moroccan government refers to Western Sahara only as the "Sahara," "Moroccan Sahara," "Saharan provinces," or the "Southern Provinces". Western Sahara is the historical birthplace of one of the most glorious Moroccan ruling dynasties, the Almoravids. In 1958, the Moroccan Liberation Army of the South fought Spanish colonizers and almost liberated what was then Spanish Sahara. Among the veterans of the Moroccan Southern Army are fathers of many of the Polisario leaders, like the father of Mohammed Abdelaziz, the Polisario leader. Morocco is supported in this view by a number of former Polisario founders and leaders. The Polisario Front is considered by Morocco to be a Moroccan separatist movement, referring to the Moroccan origins of most of its founding members, and its self-proclaimed SADR to be a puppet state used by Algeria to fight a proxy war against Morocco. Almoravides (From Arabic المرابطون sing. ... The Army of Liberation (French, Armée de Libération, Arabic, jayshu-t-tahrÄ«r) was a force fighting for the independence of Morocco. ... Spanish Sahara was the name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was ruled by Spain, created from the Spanish territories of Rio de Oro and La Aguera in 1924. ... Mohamed Abdelaziz, pictured c. ... Since the end of the 1980s, several members of Polisario have decided to discontinue their military or political activities for the Polisario Front. ... “Separatists” redirects here. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ... A proxy war is a war where two powers use third parties as a supplement or a substitute for fighting each other directly. ...


Polisario Front

The position of the Polisario Front is that Western Sahara is an occupied territory, the rightful government of which is the exiled Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).[1] The Polisario Front calls for the right of self-determination of the people of Western Sahara to be decided through a referendum. Although the SADR is not recognised as a state by the UN, Polisario is considered as a direct party in the conflict. The SADR is a member of the African Union. The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation... Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory belonging to a state passes to a hostile army. ... A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a countrys legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. ...


Algeria

Algeria has been supporting the independence of Western Sahara diplomatically since 1975. In 1976, Algeria got involved directly in the conflict, but after a military confrontation at Amgala against the Moroccan Army, the Algerian role became that of an indirectly involved party through political and military support to the Polisario front. Morocco argues that the Algerian position is due to the Sand War of 1963. Amgala is an oasis in Western Sahara. ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and [[Río de Oro]]) is a Sahrawi rebel movement working for the separation... Combatants Morocco Algeria The Sand War occurred along the Algerian-Moroccan border in October 1963, and was a Moroccan attempt to claim the Tindouf and the Bechar areas that France annexed to French Algeria a few decades earlier. ...


United Nations

Western Sahara was first placed, by Moroccan demand, on the UN list of territories to be decolonized in the 1960s when it was still a Spanish colony. It has retained that status since then due to the persistence of the conflict.[2] The UN has been involved since 1988 to find a solution to the conflict through self-determination. In 1988, the kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front agreed to settle the dispute through a referendum under the auspices of the UN, that would allow the people of Western Sahara to choose between independence or integration with Morocco. In 1991, a ceasefire was agreed between the parties, contingent on the referendum being held the following year. Due to disputes over voter qualification, the vote has still not been held, and Morocco has made it clear in 2000 that henceforth it will not consider any option leading to the independence of the territory,[citation needed] and instead, is now proposing autonomy within Morocco.[citation needed] Lately, the UN has argued for negotiations between the parties to overcome the deadlock.[citation needed] Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the achievement of independence by the various Western colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa following World War II. This conforms with an intellectual movement known as Post-Colonialism. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ... The Settlement Plan was an agreement between the Polisario Front and Morocco on the organization of a referendum, which would constitute an expression of self-determination for the Sahrawi people of the non-decolonized territory of Western Sahara, possibly leading to full independence. ... In 2006 the Moroccan Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs CORCAS has proposed a plan for the autonomy of Western Sahara and made visits to a number of countries to explain the proposal. ...


African Union

The African Union (formerly the Organization of African Unity) has given the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic full recognition,[3] and accepted it as a member (which has led Morocco to leave the union,[4] becoming the only African state outside of it.) Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ...


Recognition

The SADR is recognized by 45 states. Non-recognition of the Sahrawi republic does not necessarily imply non-recognition of the Polisario Front: several governments consider Polisario as the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people, but not its exile government as a state.[citation needed] Several states have withdrawn their recognition of the SADR. Although Morocco claims that no recognition is required, Moroccan sovereignty over the territory is explicitly supported by the Arab League[5][6] and by 25 states. Diplomatic recognition is a political act by which one state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government, thereby according it legitimacy and expressing its intent to bring into force the domestic and international legal consequences of recognition. ... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders  -  Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001)  -  Council of the Arab League Sudan  -  Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment  -  Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945  Area  -  Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041...


States recognizing the SADR

The factual accuracy of this article is disputed.
Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page.

The following is a list of state governments that have formally recognized Western Sahara as a sovereign nation, with the exiled Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its legitimate government. The vast majority of recognitions took place during the Cold War. Since the 1990s, many states have retracted their recognitions, or suspended recognition pending the outcome of the referendum on self-determination. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

  • Forty-six recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Thirteen of them are home to Sahrawi embassies[citation needed].
  • Thirty-seven have recognized the SADR, then suspended relations or withdrawn recognition [citation needed].
Continent State Date of recognition Notes
Africa
Algeria March 6, 1976[citation needed] Embassy.[7]
Angola March 11, 1976[citation needed] Embassy. [citation needed]
Ethiopia February 24, 1979[citation needed] Embassy[8]
Guinea-Bissau March 15, 1976[citation needed] Relations suspended April 2, 1997; Relations resumed and embassy re-opened September 26, 2000.[citation needed]
Lesotho October 9, 1979[9][10]
Libya April 15, 1980[11] [1]
Mali July 4, 1980[citation needed]
Mauritania February 27, 1984[12]
Namibia June 2, 1990[2][3]
Nigeria November 12, 1984[citation needed] Embassy.[13][4][5]
Mozambique March 13, 1976[citation needed] Embassy. [citation needed]
South Africa September 15, 2004[citation needed] Embassy.[14][6]
Tanzania November 9, 1978[citation needed] Embassy established June, 2005.[15]
Zimbabwe July 3, 1980[7]
North
America
Belize November 18, 1986[8]
Cuba January 20, 1980[citation needed] Embassy.[16]
Haiti November 23, 2006[citation needed] Embassy.[9][10]
Mexico September 8, 1979[17] Embassy.[16]
Nicaragua September 6, 1979[citation needed] Suspended July 21, 2000,[11] but re-established January 12, 2007[12]
Panama June 23, 1978[citation needed] Embassy[18]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines February 14, 2002[19]
South
America
Ecuador November 14, 1983[citation needed] Withdrawn June 19, 2004; Relations resumed February 8, 2006.[20] [13]
Uruguay December 28, 2005[21][22]
Venezuela August 3, 1982[citation needed] Embassy.[16]
Asia
East Timor May 20, 2002[14] First country to establish relations with East Timor.
Iran February 27, 1980[15][23]

States that have suspended or cancelled their recognition to the SADR

The recognitions of the SADR are subject to continuous fluctuation, depending on different factors and the diplomatic activity of Morocco, Algeria and Polisario. The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Peoples Liberation Front of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro) is an army and political movement in the Western Sahara, comprising...


A number of states that once recognized the SADR have either suspended or definitely cancelled their recognition. For an overview on the list of these states click here: Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Sharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile; this means that it does not control the entirity of its claimed territory, the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. ...


List of states supporting Moroccan claims on Western Sahara

No state has recognized the sovereignty of Morocco over Western Sahara, which the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan also stressed in his last report on Western Sahara to the Security Council: The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2007, serving two five-year terms. ... “Security Council” redirects here. ...

"The Security Council would not be able to invite parties to negotiate about Western Saharan autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty, for such wording would imply recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, which was out of the question as long as no States Member of the United Nations had recognized that sovereignty".[24] Morocco is considered as the administrative power,[25].

Some UN member states have expressed explicit support of "Morocco's territorial integrity", in reference to Western Sahara as Moroccan provinces. Look up autonomy, autonomous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Territorial integrity is the principle under international law that nation-states should not attempt to promote secessionist movements or to promote border changes in other nation-states. ...

Continent State Date of support Notes
Africa
Botswana June 27, 2005 "Morocco, Botswana establish diplomatic relations", Arabicnews.com, 2005-06-28. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
Cameroon June 16, 2004 "King Visit to Cameroon, a major event, ambassador", Arabicnews.com, 2004-06-17. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
Central Africa Republic February 29, 2000 "Central Africa backs Morocco's sovereignty over Sahara", Arabicnews.com, 2000-02-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-15.  [16]
Côte d'Ivoire March 13, 2004 "Ivory Coast reiterates firm support to political solution to Sahara dispute, Minister", Arabicnews.com, 2004-03-16. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
Egypt[26]
Equatorial Guinea[27]
Gabon September 13, 2000 "Gabon renews support to Morocco's territorial integrity", Africast.com, 2000-09-13. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
Guinea[28]
Libya[29]
Madagascar April 6, 2005 "Madagascar freezes recognition of so-called Sahrawi Republic", Arabicnews.com, 2005-04-07. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
Malawi[17]
Senegal[30]
Swaziland[18]
Sudan[31]
South
America
Argentina[32]
Colombia[33]
Chile[34][19] Chile has given contradictory comments regarding the Sahara. Chile's Senate speaker Sergio Romero has said that Chile does not recognize Western Sahara's independence [20],[34] but Chile's Ministry of Foreign Relations website includes Western Sahara as an independent country with which Chile has no diplomatic relations.
Peru[35]
Asia
People's Republic of China November 7, 2000 "China renews backing to Morocco's territorial integrity", Arabicnews.com, 2000-11-08. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
Indonesia[36]
Iraq[37]
Kuwait[38]
Yemen[39]
Europe
Serbia[40]
Oceania
Vanuatu[41]

Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Unité, Dignité, Travail (French: Unity, Dignity, Work) Anthem: French version La Renaissance (Sango version E Zingo) Capital Bangui Largest city Bangui Official language(s) French Government President Prime Minister Republic François Bozizé Élie Doté Independence From France August 13, 1960 Area  - Total    - Water (%)   622,984 km² (42nd) 240... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... February 29 is a day added into a leap year of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sergio Romero is an Argentine football player. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ...

Other states

  • United States - In a 2004 free trade agreement with Morocco, US Trade Representative Robert Zoellick stated, "the United States and many other countries do not recognise Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara and have consistently urged the parties to work with the United Nations to resolve the conflict by peaceful means. The Free Trade Agreement will not include Western Sahara."[1] This was confirmed by the Executive Office of the President in correspondence to Congress[42].

The Office of the United States Trade Representative, or USTR, is an arm of the executive branch of the United States government that falls within the Executive Office of the President. ... Robert B. Zoellick Robert Bruce Zoellick (IPA: ) (born July 25, 1953) is an American politician and (effective July 1, 2007) the eleventh president of the World Bank. ...

See also

Embassy of Morocco in Ottawa, Canada Morocco maintains close relations with the European Union, especially the former colonial rulers, France and Spain. ... The Polisario, Polisario Front, or Frente Polisario, from the Spanish abbreviation of Frente Popular de Liberación de Saguía el Hamra y Río de Oro (Peoples Liberation Front of Saguia el-Hamra and Rio de Oro) is an army and political movement in the Western Sahara, comprising...

Notes

  1. ^ a b Saeed Taji Farouky. "The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Deserted in Western Sahara", Qantara.de, 2006-03-21. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. (English, German) 
  2. ^ United Nations Fourth Committee (2002). Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by GA in 2002 (English). United Nations. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  3. ^ African Union. A. U. Member States (Flash animation) (English, French). African Union. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  4. ^ Political Alliances Within the UN. Eye on the UN. Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
  5. ^ Arabicnews.com. "Arab League withdraws inaccurate Moroccan maps", Arabicnews.com, 1998-12-17. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. (English) 
  6. ^ Arabicnews.com. "Arab League supports Morocco's territorial integrity", Arabicnews.com, 1999-01-08. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. (English) 
  7. ^ Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Embassy of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in Algeria (Arabic, Spanish). Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  8. ^ Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2005-07-04). Embassies of Ethiopia (English). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  9. ^ "Statement by the Honourable Motsoahae Thomas Thabane Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Lesotho at the 56th Session of the United Nations General Assembly", 2001-11-15. Retrieved on 2005-07-15. 
  10. ^ Africa works "seriously for the decolonisation of Western Sahara", declares Mohlabi Kenneth Tsekoa. Sahara Presse Service (2004-07-08). Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
  11. ^ Maghrib Relations. Country-data.com (1987). Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
  12. ^ The Haidalla Regime. Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
  13. ^ "Arrival of the President of the Republic to Abuja to take part to the African Union's Summit", Sahara Presse Service, 2005-01-30. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  14. ^ "The Guardian : South Africa's recognition of 'SADR' harms own interests", Arabicnews.com, 2004-09-24. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  15. ^ Sahara Press Service (2005-06-28). Tanzania satisfied about the future establishment of the Saharawi Republic’s Embassy in Dar Es Salam. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  16. ^ a b c Haddi Larosi. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic embassy in Venezuela (Spanish). Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  17. ^ United Mexican States. Conflicto en el Sahara Occidental (PDF) (Spanish). United Mexican States. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  18. ^ Haddi Larosi. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic embassy in Panama (English, Spanish). Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  19. ^ Western Sahara - Sahara Occidental Joint Statement (2002-02-15). Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
  20. ^ "Ecuador and the Saharawi Republic declare the re-establishment of diplomatic relations", Sahara Presse Service, 2006-02-08. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  21. ^ "The Oriental Republic of Uruguay announces its official recognition of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic", Sahara Presse Service, 2005-12-26. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  22. ^ "Uruguay recognises Western Sahara", Al Jazeera, 2005-12-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  23. ^ "Iran recognises "the Saharawi Republic and see the solution within the UN framework", Declares Iran’s Ambassador to Algiers", Sahara Presse Service, 2006-02-17. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  24. ^ Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara (PDF) (2006-04-19). Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
  25. ^ Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara (PDF) (2002-02-19).
  26. ^ "Egypt renews backing to Morocco's territorial integrity", Arabicnews.com, 1999-03-15. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  27. ^ "Equatorial Guinea renews backing to Morocco's territorial integrity", Arabicnews.com, 2002-05-14. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  28. ^ "Bilateral cooperation: Guinea reaffirms support to Moroccan territorial integrity", MoroccoTimes.com, 2005-07-21. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  29. ^ "Sahara historically established as Moroccan territory, Libyan senior official", Arabicnews.com, 1999-06-30. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  30. ^ "Senegal renews firm support to Moroccan territorial integrity", Africast.com, 2000-05-29. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  31. ^ "Sudan supports Moroccan sovereignty over Southern Provinces", MoroccoTimes.com, 2005-12-26. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  32. ^ "Argentina renews backing to Morocco's territorial integrity", Arabicnews.com, 2003-04-15. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  33. ^ "Columbian Senate reaffirms support to Morocco territorial integrity", MoroccoTimes.com, 2005-03-23. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  34. ^ a b "Chile reiterates its position in favour of Moroccan territorial integrity", MoroccoTimes.com, 2005-06-02. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  35. ^ "Peru fully supports Morocco's territorial integrity", 2003-10-02. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  36. ^ "Indonesian MP delegation holds intensive talks with Moroccan officials", Arabicnews.com, 2001-01-25. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  37. ^ "Morocco-Iraqi agreements on oil supply upheld, ambassador", 2005-06-09. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  38. ^ "Kuwait reiterates support to Morocco's territorial integrity", Arabicnews.com, 2002-05-25. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  39. ^ Cite error 8; No text given.
  40. ^ "Serbia-Montenegro withdraws recognition of Sahara Republic", 2004-10-28. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  41. ^ "Morocco and Vanuatu to start diplomatic relations", Arabicnews.com, 2000-12-15. Retrieved on 2006-07-15. 
  42. ^ Letter from the president to Congressman Joe Pitts

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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... “Arabic” redirects here. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Sahara Press Service is the multi-lingual press ministry and propaganda arm of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, the government in exile of Western Sahara. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Al Jazeera logo Al Jazeera (الجزيرة), meaning The Island or The (Arabian) Peninsula (whence also Algiers) is an Arabic television channel based in Qatar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 105th day of the year (106th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

  • Hodges, Tony. Western Sahara: Roots of a Desert War, Lawrence Hill & Company, 1983, ISBN 0882081527 , p. 308
  • Hodges, Tony, and Pazzanita, Anthony. Historical Dictionary of Western Sahara, 2 ed., Scarecrow Press, 1994, ISBN 0810826615 , pp. 378-379.

External links

Tables of states recognizing the SADR

  • World Statesmen
  • Western Sahara On-line
  • The SADR (Spanish)
  • Lasonet.com (Spanish)
  • Friends of the Sahara (Spanish)
  • The Association for a Free and Fair Referendum in Western Sahara

Others

  • Arabic News - Senegal supports Morocco's territorial integrity
  • Balkan Peace - Serbia-Montenegro withdraws recognition of Sahara Republic
  • Morocco Times - Sahara issue - Sudan supports Moroccan territorial integrity
  • Arabic News - Morocco, Gabon voice resolve to enhance cooperation

  Results from FactBites:
 
WSO | SADR: MEMORANDUM ON THE QUESTION OF WESTERN SAHARA (3784 words)
Western Sahara was included in the UN list of the Non-Self-Governing territories in 1963 and the UN General Assembly had adopted in 1966 its first resolution requesting Spain, as administering power, to make the necessary arrangements for the organization of a referendum on self-determination for the people of Western Sahara.
The invasion of Western Sahara led to a mass exodus of the Sahrawi civilian population over the eastern border of the Territory to escape Moroccan air strikes.
The decolonization of the Western Sahara has been on the UN agenda since the 1960s and remains as a case in which the credibility of the UN and its decolonization efforts are at stake.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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