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In mathematics, a lemniscate is a type of curve described a Cartesian equation of the form
(x² + y²)² = a²(x² - y²).
It resembles the figure '8' on its side. The curve has become a symbol of infinity and is widely used in math.
The lemniscate was first described in 1694 by Jakob Bernoulli as a modification of an ellipse (an ellipse is the locus of points which are equidistant from two given points, i.e. the sum of the two distances is constant for all points on an ellipse, but in the case of the lemniscate, the product of these distances is constant). He called it the lemniscus, which is Latin for 'pendant ribbon'.
The principal gray masses of the tegmentum are the red nucleus and the interpeduncular ganglion; of its fibers the chief longitudinal tracts are the superior peduncle, the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the lemniscus.
The medial lemniscus may be considered as the upward continuation of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord and to convey conscious impulses of muscle sense and tactile discrimination.
Dorsally, it is partly separated from the gray substance of the quadrigeminal bodies by the fibers of the lemniscus; ventral to it are the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and the formatio reticularis of the tegmentum.
The posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (called the dorsal column in non-humans) is the sensory pathway responsible for transmitting discriminative sensation from the skin to the thalamus, and on to the cerebral cortex.
At the medulla, the medial lemniscus is orientated perpendicular to the way the fibres travelled in the posterior columns.
The medial lemniscus rotates 90 degrees at the pons.
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