A graphical representation of Łowmiański's attempt to localise the tribes mentioned in the Bavarian Geographer, 845. Note Lendizi (Lendians) nr 33

The Lendians (Polish: Lędzianie) were a Lechitic tribe recorded to have inhabited the ill-defined area in East Lesser Poland and Red Ruthenia between the 7th and 11th centuries. Image File history File links Hermann_Geogr_Bavar1. ... Image File history File links Hermann_Geogr_Bavar1. ... Henryk ŁowmiaÅ„ski (August 22, 1898 near UkmergÄ— - September 4, 1984 in PoznaÅ„) – Polish medieval historian. ... The Bavarian Geographer is anonymous medieval document prepared in ca. ... Events March 28 - Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collect a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. ... The Lechitic languages include three languages spoken in Central Europe, principally in Poland and historically also in eastern part of today Germany. ... Kraków Katowice WrocÅ‚aw Łódź PoznaÅ„ Bydgoszcz Lublin BiaÅ‚ystok GdaÅ„sk Szczecin Warsaw M A S O V I A S I L E S I A G R E A T E R P O L A N D L E S S E R P O... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...

Since they were documented primarily by foreign authors whose knowledge of Eastern European geography was often vague, numerous speculations have accrued to their name, which include Lendzanenoi, Lendzaninoi, Lz’njn, Lachy, Landzaneh and Lendizi. Statistical regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations (UN definition of Eastern Europe marked red):  Northern Europe  Western Europe  Eastern Europe  Southern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current borders: Russia (dark orange), other countries formerly part of the USSR...

Sources

The Lendians are mentioned, among others, by De administrando imperio (ca. 959, as Λενζανηνοί), by Josippon (ca. 953, as Lz’njn), by the Primary Chronicle (ca. 981, as ляхи), by Ali al-Masudi (ca. 940, as Landzaneh). De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used Latin title of a scholarly work written in Greek by the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII. Constantine was a scholar-emperor, who sought to revive learning and education in the Byzantine Empire. ... Josippon is the name usually given to a popular chronicle of Jewish history from Adam to the age of Titus, attributed to an author Josippon or Joseph ben Gorion. ... The Russian Primary Chronicle (Old-Slavonic: Повсть времяньныхъ лтъ; Russian: Повесть временных лет, Povest vremennykh let; Ukrainian: Повість времмених літ, Povist vremennykh lit; often translated into English as Tale of Bygone Years), is a history of the Kievan Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113. ... Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn Masudi (أبو الحسن ØŒ علي بن الحسين المسعودي) (?, Baghdad , Iraq - 956, Cairo,Egypt), was an Arab historian, geographer and philosopher. ...

In Latin historiography they are known from the Bavarian Geographer, a document generally dated to the mid-9th century, which attests that Lendizi habent civitates XCVIII, that is, that the "Lendizi" had 98 gords, or settlements. The Bavarian Geographer is anonymous medieval document prepared in ca. ... Reconstructed gord in Biskupin, Poland although this isnt a Slavonic gord (it is much older), it is a good illustration of what gords looked like The ancient Slavs were known for building wooden fortified settlements. ...

Name

Main article: Name of Poland

Max Vasmer reconstructs the original ethnonym as "lęděninъ", deriving it from the Slavic word for "fallow, wasteland", which is cognate to English "land".^[1] In this context, lęděninъ means "a settler of barren lands", referring to the lands vacated by some earlier population, either the Vandals or the Goths. An 18th century map labeled Poland The ethnonyms for the Poles (people) and Poland (their country) include endonyms (the way Polish people refer to themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). ... Max Vasmer (1886 – 1962), German linguist. ... An ethnonym (Gk. ... Look up cognate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

That the Lendians occupied a considerable territory is evident from the fact their name gave rise to the name for the Poles in some of the major languages of Eastern Europe, including Hungarian Lengyel, Lithuanian Lenkas, and East Slavic Lyakhi. The terms Lechites, Lechia, and Lechitic languages stem from the latter form. That form was also used in many Middle Eastern languages. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. ... Distribution of Slavic peoples by language Lechites or Lekhites (Polish: ) - name for some tribes of West Slavs whose shared quality was the usage of the Lechitic languages. ... Lechia is the historical name of Poland, still present in several European languages: Lenkija in Lithuanian, Lengyelorszag in Hungarian, Lehistan in Turkish. ... The Lechitic languages include three languages spoken in Central Europe, principally in Poland and historically also in eastern part of today Germany. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Tribal area

Although the extent and borders of Lendians territories are still not clearly known, it is very likely that most of it was similar to the area of Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Constantine VII reports that the Lendians were tributaries to the Rus and that their monoxylae sailed downstream to Kiev to take part in the naval expeditions against Byzantium. This may be taken as an indication that the Lendians had access to some waterways leading to the Dnieper, e.g., the Styr River.^[2] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2000x1564, 1133 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ruthenian Voivodeship LÄ™dzianie ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2000x1564, 1133 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Ruthenian Voivodeship LÄ™dzianie ... Capital city Lwów Area 55,200 km² Population (1770)  - Density 1 495 000 24,4/km² Powiats  - Urban counties  - Land counties 13 5 Communes 200 Ruthenia Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus russiae, Polish: województwo ruskie; 1366-1772) was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Constantine and his mother Zoë. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ Πορφυρογέννητος, Kōnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄ“tos), (Constantinople, September 905 – November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ... Rus’ (Русь, ) was a medieval East Slavic nation, which, according to the most popular but by no means the only theory, took its name from its ruling warrior class with Scandinavian roots. ... A dugout is a boat which is basically a hollowed tree trunk. ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... Rus-Byzantine War may refer to one of the following conflicts: Rus-Byzantine War (830s) Rus-Byzantine War (860) Rus-Byzantine War (907) Rus-Byzantine War (941) Rus-Byzantine War (968-971) Rus-Byzantine War (987) Rus-Byzantine War (1024) Rus-Byzantine War (1043) Category: ... This article is about the river. ... The Styr River (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is right tributary of the Pripyat River, with a length of 494 km. ...

Based on Constantine's report, it appears likely that the Lendians occupied the historical region of Chervona Rus, centred around Przemyśl.^[3] This conclusion is at variance with the Primary Chronicle which implies that the region was settled by the White Croats. In order to remove the perceived discrepancy, some Polish historians proposed alternative readings of the text in question, which would move the location of the White Croats considerably to the east, for instance, to the Vorskla River basin.^[4] Chervona Rus - the original Old Slavonic name of Red Rus Red Ruthenia. ... Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship County city county Established 10th century Town rights 1389 Government  - Mayor Robert Choma Area  - Total 44 km² (17 sq mi) Population (2006)  - Total 66,715  - Density 1,516. ... The Russian Primary Chronicle (Old-Slavonic: Повсть времяньныхъ лтъ; Russian: Повесть временных лет, Povest vremennykh let; Ukrainian: Повість времмених літ, Povist vremennykh lit; often translated into English as Tale of Bygone Years), is a history of the Kievan Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113. ... White Croats migrated to modern Dalmatia (coastal part of Croatia) as part of the migration of the Croats in 610-641 A.D.[1] ... The Vorskla River (Ukrainian: ), located in northeastern Ukraine, is tributary to the Dnieper. ...

The uncertainty of extant 10th-century descriptions of the upper Dniester and Western Bug region makes it plausible to infer that the White Croats, Lendians, and probably some other peoples shared this vast territory along the border of modern-day Ukraine and Poland.^[2] Attempts to positively identify the Lendians with the Buzhans^[3] or Dulebes^[5] lose in probability in light of these considerations^[2]. The Dniester (Ukrainian: translit. ... Bug at Wlodawa One of the two rivers called Bug (pronounced Boog), the Western Bug, or Buh (Belarusian: Захо́дні Буг; Russian: За́падный Буг; Ukrainian: Західний Буг, Zakhidnyi Buh), flows from central Ukraine to the west, forming part of the boundary between that nation and Poland, passes along the Polish-Belarusian... The Buzhans or (more correct) Buzhane (Russian: ,Ukrainian: ) were one of the tribal unions of Early East Slavs. ... The Dulebs (Dulebes, Russian: ) were a tribe of Early East Slavs between the 6th (still questionable) and the 10th centuries. ...

History

Map showing an approximation location of Polish tribes. Lendians (Lędzianie) can be found in the bottom-right corner.

Main article: Red Ruthenia

In pre-Slavic times the region was populated by the Lugii, associated with the Przeworsk and Puchov cultures. They were followed by East Germanic tribes, the Goths and Vandals. After these vacated the territory, the West Slavs (Lendians and Vistulans) moved in. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 728 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2250 × 1854 pixel, file size: 640 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 728 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2250 × 1854 pixel, file size: 640 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Slavic and Slavonic are used interchangably in English, with the former perferred in US English, and the latter in English. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The green area is the Przeworsk culture in the first half of the 3rd century. ... The Germanic tribes referred to as East Germanic constitute a wave of migrants who may have moved from Scandinavia into the area between the Oder and Vistula rivers between 600 - 300 BC. Later they went to the south. ... This article is about the Germanic tribes. ... Vandal and Vandali redirect here. ... Countries inhabited by West Slavs (in light green) Distribution of Slavic peoples by language Map showing an approximation location of Polish tribes West Slavs in 9th/10th century The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. ... Vistulans (Polish: Wiślanie) were a Lechitic tribe inhabiting, since at least 7th century, lands known today as Lesser Poland. ...

Around 833 the land of the Lendians was incorporated into the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of Central Europe around 899, the Lendians submitted to their authority (Masudi). In the first half of the 10th century, they paid tribute to Igor I of Kiev (Constantine VII). Events End of the reign of caliph Al-Mamun Nimmyo succeeds Junna as emperor of Japan Creation of Great Moravia Births Deaths October 10 - al-Mamun, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad Categories: 833 ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... Ship burial of Igor the Old, by Henryk Siemiradzki (1845–1902). ...

From the mid-950s onward, the Lendians were politically anchored in the Bohemian sphere of influence. Cosmas of Prague relates that the land of Krakow was controlled by the Přemyslids of Bohemia until 999.^[6] His report is buttressed by the foundation charter of the Archdiocese of Prague (1086), which traces the eastern border of the archdiocese, as established in 973, along the Bug and Styr (or Stryi rivers.^[7] Cosmas Cosmas of Prague (c. ... This article needs cleanup. ... PÅ™emyslid coat of arms. ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... The Archdiocese of Prague (Latin: ) is a Roman Catholic archdiocese in the Czech Republic with its seat in the Czech capital of Prague. ... The Styr is a river, approximatedly 436 kilometers long, of northwest Ukraine flowing northward to the Pripyat River. ...

Abraham ben Jacob, who travelled in Eastern Europe in 965, remarks that Boleslaus II of Bohemia ruled the country "stretching from the city of Prague to the city of Krakow".^[8] At one point in the 970s, the region seems to have been taken over by Mieszko I of Poland. This may be inferred from the Primary Chronicle which reports that Vladimir I of Kiev conquered the "Cherven towns" from the Poles in 981 (actually, in 979).^[9] Abraham ben Jacob, better known under his Arabic name of Ibrahim ibn Yaqub was a 10th century Sefardic traveller, merchant and chronicler from Moorish-ruled Ṭurṭūšah in Al-Andalus. ... Boleslaus II the Pious Boleslaus II the Pious (Czech: ; ca. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... This article needs cleanup. ... Reign c. ... The Russian Primary Chronicle (Old-Slavonic: Повсть времяньныхъ лтъ; Russian: Повесть временных лет, Povest vremennykh let; Ukrainian: Повість времмених літ, Povist vremennykh lit; often translated into English as Tale of Bygone Years), is a history of the Kievan Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113. ... Saint Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Great (c. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The region returned to Polish sphere of influence in 1018, when King Boleslaw I took the Cherven towns on his way to Kiev. Yaroslav I of Kiev recovered the borderland in 1031; it remained part of Kievan Rus and its successor state of Halych-Volhynia until 1340 when it was once again taken over by Kingdom of Poland under Casimir III of Poland. It is presumed that the Lendians were assimilated by East Slavs by that period. The most important factors contributing to their fate could be: // Team# 1018 Pike High School Robotics Team Team #1018 FIRST Logo Check Out Our FIRST WIKI Page Events Bulgaria becomes part of the Byzantine Empire. ... BolesÅ‚aw I the Brave (or Valiant) (Polish: ; Czech: Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 - June 17, 1025), in the past also known as BolesÅ‚aw I the Great, in Polish: BolesÅ‚aw I Wielki), of the Piast Dynasty — son of Mieszko I and of his first wife, the Bohemian princess Dobrawa — ruled... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Polish-Russian Wars Kiev Expedition â€“ Muscovite-Lithuanian â€“ Livonian â€“ 1605–18 â€“ Smolensk â€“ 1654–67 â€“ Bar Confederation â€“ 1792 â€“ KoÅ›ciuszko Uprising â€“ November Uprising â€“ January Uprising â€“ Polish-Soviet â€“ 1939 The Polish invasion of Kievan Rus (1018) known in Polish literature as Kiev Expedition (Polish: ) and in Russian as Киевский поход, was an episode in the... Yaroslav I the Wise (978?-1054) (Russian: Ярослав, Christian name: Yury, or George) was thrice prince of Novgorod and Kiev, uniting the two principalities for a time under his rule. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... For other uses, see Galich. ... The Kingdom of Poland of the later Piasts was the Polish state in the years between the coronation of WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I the Elbow-high in 1320 and the death of Kazimierz III the Great in 1370. ... Noble Family or Dynasty Piast dynasty Coat of Arms Piast Eagle Parents WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I the Elbow-high, Jadwiga Kaliszka, of Gniezno and Greater Poland Consorts Aldona Ona, Adelheid of Hesse, Christina, Jadwiga of Glogow and Sagan Children 5 daughters Date of Birth 1310 Place of Birth Kowal Date...

• linguistic and ethnic similarity
• influence of Kievan Rus' and Orthodox Christianity
• deportations to central Ukraine by Yaroslav I the Wise after 1031^[10]
• colonization by Ruthenians fleeding west during Mongol assaults on Ruthenia during reign of Danylo of Halych

Trydent of Yaroslav I Map of the Kievan Rus′, 11th century Capital Kiev Religion Orthodox Christianity Government Monarchy Historical era Middle Ages  - Established 9th century  - Disestablished 12th century Currency Hryvnia Kievan Rus′ was the early, predominantly East Slavic[1] medieval state of Rurikid dynasty dominated by the city of Kiev... The term Cucumber may refer to: The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine tradition that adhere to the seven Ecumenical Councils. ... Mikhail Gerasimovs reconstruction of Yaroslavs appearance, based on his examination of Yaroslavs skull Yaroslav I the Wise (c. ... Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... Ruthenians is a name that has been applied to different ethnic groups at different times; for an explanation of the reasons for this, see Ruthenia. ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... Monument to King Danylo in Lviv. ...

References