Image of Lena Söderberg famously used in many image processing experiments.

Lenna or Lena is the name given to a portion of a centerfold picture of Lena Söderberg, a Swedish model posing naked in the November 1972 issue of Playboy magazine. The image is one of the most widely used standard test images for image compression algorithms — her face and bare shoulder having become a de facto industry standard. Image File history File links Lenna. ... Image File history File links Lenna. ... Lena Soderberg (born March 31, 1951 in Sweden; the actual Swedish spelling of this name is Lena Söderberg, but she is better known without the diacritics) appeared as a Playmate in the November 1972 issue of Playboy magazine, under the name Lenna Sjööblom. ... Standard Lenna image famously used in many image processing experiments, taken from the (non-revealing) top third of a November 1972 Playboy centerfold. ... Lena Soderberg (born March 31, 1951 in Sweden; the actual Swedish spelling of this name is Lena Söderberg, but she is better known without the diacritics) appeared as a Playmate in the November 1972 issue of Playboy magazine, under the name Lenna Sjööblom. ... Nudity is a common subject both in fine arts and popular culture. ... Playboy is an American adult entertainment magazine, founded in 1953 by Hugh Hefner and his associates, which has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... In order to intuitively test the effects of an image-processing algorithm on a natural picture a number of test images are in common use in the image-processing field. ... Image compression is the application of data compression on digital images. ... In mathematics and computing, an algorithm is a procedure (a finite set of well-defined instructions) for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Standardization or standardisation (sometimes abbreviated s13n), in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. ...

It is so widely accepted, in fact, that Söderberg was a guest at the 50th annual Conference of the Society for Imaging Science and Technology in 1997. The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T) is a research and education organization in the field of imaging. ...

David C. Munson, editor-in-chief, January 1996 IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, cited two reasons for the popularity of the image in research: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (pronounced as eye-triple-e) is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. ...

First, the image contains a nice mixture of detail, flat regions, shading, and texture that do a good job of testing various image processing algorithms. It is a good test image! Second, the Lena image is a picture of an attractive woman. It is not surprising that the (mostly male) image processing research community gravitated toward an image that they found attractive.

Use of the image has produced some controversy, with some people concerned about its prurient content, and Playboy at one time threatening to prosecute over the unauthorized use of the image. The magazine has since abandoned the threats, instead embracing the use of "Lenna" for publicity reasons. Coincidentally, Playboy states the issue was its best-selling ever, having sold 7,161,561 copies. Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Shading refers to depicting depth in 3D models by varying levels of darkness. ... ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ...

The anglicised version of Söderberg's name comes from the article; Playboy changed it so English-speaking readers would pronounce the name correctly. Anglicisation (CwE) or Anglicization (NAE) is a process of making something English. ...

History

The picture's history was described in the May 2001 newsletter of the IEEE Professional Communication Society, in an article by Jamie Hutchinson:

Alexander Sawchuk estimates that it was in June or July of 1973 when he, then an assistant professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California Signal and Image Processing Institute (SIPI), along with a graduate student and the SIPI lab manager, was hurriedly searching the lab for a good image to scan for a colleague's conference paper. They had tired of their stock of usual test images, dull stuff dating back to television standards work in the early 1960s. They wanted something glossy to ensure good output dynamic range, and they wanted a human face. Just then, somebody happened to walk in with a recent issue of Playboy.

The engineers tore away the top third of the centerfold so they could wrap it around the drum of their Muirhead wirephoto scanner, which they had outfitted with analog-to-digital converters (one each for the red, green, and blue channels) and a Hewlett Packard 2100 minicomputer. The Muirhead had a fixed resolution of 100 lines per inch and the engineers wanted a 512 × 512 image, so they limited the scan to the top 5.12 inches of the picture, effectively cropping it at the subject's shoulders.

Lenna was not the first Playboy magazine image to be used to illustrate image processing algorithms. Lawrence G. Roberts used a 1960 Playboy image, with permission and attribution, in his 1961 MIT master's thesis on image dithering.^[1] Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Electrical Engineers design power systems… … and complex electronic circuits. ... The University of Southern California (commonly referred to as USC, SC, Southern California, and incorrectly as Southern Cal[1]), is a world-renowned, private institution located in the downtown district of Los Angeles, California, USA. USC was founded in 1880, making it Californias oldest private research university. ... In order to intuitively test the effects of an image-processing algorithm on a natural picture a number of test images are in common use in the image-processing field. ... Dynamic range is a term used frequently in numerous fields to describe the ratio between the smallest and largest possible values of a changeable quantity. ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ... Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Look up engineer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Wirephoto is a term for sending pictures by either telegraph or telephone. ... In computing, a scanner is a device that analyzes an image (such as a photograph, printed text, or handwriting) or an object (such as an ornament) and converts it to a digital image. ... An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... HP redirects here. ... Hewlett-Packards first computer, the 2116A of the HP-2100 series, was developed in the late 1960s. ... Minicomputer (colloquially, mini) is a largely obsolete term for a class of multi-user computers which make up the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user systems (traditionally, mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers). ... Image resolution describes the detail an image holds. ... Lines per inch (LPI) is a measurement of printing resolution in systems that use a halftone screen. ... 2. ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ... Larry Roberts received the SIGCOMM Award in 1998 for Visionary Contributions and Advanced Technology Development of Computer Communication Networks. Categories: Computer specialist stubs ...

References

1. ^ Lawrence G. Roberts, Picture Coding Using Pseudo-Random Noise, MIT, S.M. thesis, 1961.online

Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ...

See also

• Lena Soderberg
• Cornell Box
• Utah teapot
• Stanford Bunny
• Suzanne

Lena Soderberg (born March 31, 1951 in Sweden; the actual Swedish spelling of this name is Lena Söderberg, but she is better known without the diacritics) appeared as a Playmate in the November 1972 issue of Playboy magazine, under the name Lenna Sjööblom. ... Standard Cornell Box rendered with POV-Ray The Cornell Box is a test aimed at determining the accuracy of rendering software by comparing the rendered scene with an actual photograph of the same scene. ... The Utah teapot A Melitta teapot, the model of the Utah teapot The Utah teapot or Newell teapot is a 3D model which has become a standard reference object (and something of an in-joke) in the computer graphics community. ... Image of the Stanford Bunny famously used in many model processing experiments The Stanford Bunny is a computer graphics test model developed by Greg Turk and Marc Levoy in 1994 at Stanford University. ... This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ...

External links

• Imaging Experts Meet Lenna in Person
• Lenna (TIFF file)
• The full Lena image (This image contains nudity)
• The comp.compression FAQ
• A Note on Lena by David C. Munson
• A Sonnet dedicated to Lenna