Leon Chwistek

Leon Chwistek (b. January 13, 1884 in Kraków, Poland - August 20, 1944 near Moscow, Russia) was a Polish Avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art, literary critic, logician, philosopher and mathematician. Image File history File links Leon_Chwistek. ... Image File history File links Leon_Chwistek. ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... August 20 is the 232nd day of the year (233rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA:   listen?) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... The article titled Logicians treats the ancient Chinese philosophers known by that name (with a capital L). List of logicians (with a lower-case l) treats philosophers, mathematicians, and others whose topic of scholarly study is logic. ... A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy. ... A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics. ...

In the 1920s-30s many philosophers in Europe attempted to reform traditional philosophy by means of mathematical logic. Leon Chwistek did not believe that such a reform could succeed. He thought that reality could not be described in one homogenous system, which would be based on the principles of formal logic, because there is not one reality but many. World map showing location of Europe When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... Mathematical logic is a discipline within mathematics, studying formal systems in relation to the way they encode intuitive concepts of proof and computation as part of the foundations of mathematics. ... Logic (from Classical Greek λόγος (logos), originally meaning the word, or what is spoken, but coming to mean thought or reason) is most often said to be the study of arguments, although the exact definition of logic is a matter of controversy amongst philosophers (see below). ...

Chwistek developed his theory of the multiplicity of realities first with regard to the arts. He distinguished four basic types of realities and then matched them with four basic types of painting.

Here are the four types of realities:

1. The popular reality (common-sense realism)

2. The physical reality (constructed by physics)

3. The phenomenal reality (sensual impressions)

4. The visionary/intuitive reality (dreams, hallucinations, subconscious states).

The types of painting which correspond to the above are:

1. Primitivism

2. Realism

"Salamander", abt. 1929

3. Impressionism

4. Futurism

"Uczta" abt. 1925

Chwistek never intended his views to constitute a new metaphysical theory. He was a defender of "sound reason", against metaphysics and the irrationalistic feelings. His theory of plural reality was merely an attempt to specify the various ways in which the term “real” is used. It is interesting that Witkiewicz, although Chwistek’s closest friend, harshly criticized his friend’s philosophical views. This article is about primitivism. ... Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary. ... Image File history File links Salamander. ... Image File history File links Salamander. ... Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ... Futurism has several meanings. ... Image File history File links Uczta. ... Image File history File links Uczta. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

Wikiewicz’s philosophy was based on the idea of monadic character of the existence of the individual, which embraces multiplicity of existences, and the world being made up of a multiplicity of Particular Existences.