NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Leonese language

The Leonese language (Llïonés in Leonese) was developed from Vulgar Latin with contributions from the pre-Roman languages which were spoken in the territory of the Spanish provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca and in some villages in the District of Bragança, Portugal. Close to Mirandese and Asturian, it belongs to Leonese or Astur-Leonese subgroup of Iberian languages. In fact, most authors speak of Leonese language or historic dialect of Latin and of Asturian and Mirandese like co-dialects of Leonese ^[1]. Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Portugal. ... LeÃ³n province LeÃ³n (LliÃ³n in Asturian-leonese language) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and LeÃ³n. ... Zamora may refer to // Ecuador Zamora, Ecuador Zamora-Chinchipe Province Mexico Zamora, MichoacÃ¡n GutiÃ©rrez Zamora, Veracruz Spain Zamora, Spain Zamora (province) United States Zamora, California Venezuela Zamora Municipality, Aragua Zamora Municipality, Miranda Bobby Zamora, English footballer Diane Zamora, American convicted of murder Ezequiel Zamora, 19th-century Venezuelan military... Salamanca (population 160,000) is a city in western Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community (region) of Castile-Leon (Castilla y LeÃ³n). ... A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ... For other uses, see Indo-European. ... Hypothetical distribution of languages in Iron Age Italy during the sixth century BC. The Italic subfamily is a member of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family. ... The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family that comprises all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. ... Italo-Western redirects here. ... Gallo-Romance languages Gallo-Italian languages Lombard Piedmontese Emilian-Romagnol Venetian Ligurian Gallo-Rhaetian languages OÃ¯l languages(including French) Burgundian Champenois Franc-Comtois French Gallo Lorrain Norman Anglo-Norman Channel Island Norman Auregnais DgÃ¨rnÃ©siais JÃ¨rriais Sercquiais Picard Poitevin-Saintongeais Walloon Rhaetian languages Friulian Ladin Romansh *Franco... The formation of Iberian Romance languages followed more or less this process: A common Latin/Romance language with dialectal differences was spoken throughout the ancient Roman Empire. ... West Iberian language is the subcategory of Romance languages, including Spanish and Portugese. ... Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian, LlÃ¯onÃ©s in Leonese) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias, LeÃ³n, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as Mirandese). ... Capital Valladolid Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 1st 94,223 km² 18,6% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 6th 2,480,369 5. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... Vulgar Latin, as in this political graffito at Pompeii, was the speech of ordinary people of the Roman Empire â€” different from the classical Latin used by the Roman elite. ... LeÃ³n province LeÃ³n (LliÃ³n in Asturian-leonese language) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and LeÃ³n. ... Zamora may refer to // Ecuador Zamora, Ecuador Zamora-Chinchipe Province Mexico Zamora, MichoacÃ¡n GutiÃ©rrez Zamora, Veracruz Spain Zamora, Spain Zamora (province) United States Zamora, California Venezuela Zamora Municipality, Aragua Zamora Municipality, Miranda Bobby Zamora, English footballer Diane Zamora, American convicted of murder Ezequiel Zamora, 19th-century Venezuelan military... Salamanca (population 160,000) is a city in western Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community (region) of Castile-Leon (Castilla y LeÃ³n). ... Location of the district of BraganÃ§a The District of BraganÃ§a (pron. ... The Mirandese language (Lhéngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; Língua Mirandesa or Mirandês in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal. ... Asturian, Leonese, Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian, LlÃ¯onÃ©s in Leonese) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias, LeÃ³n, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as... Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian, LlÃ¯onÃ©s in Leonese) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias, LeÃ³n, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as Mirandese). ... The Iberian language describes a linguistic group identified with the Iberian civilization (7th century BC â€“ 1st century BC), formed in the eastern and south-eastern regions of the Iberian peninsula. ...

Leonese was the official language of the Leonese Kingdom in the Middle Ages, and achieved a high codification grade ^[2]. First written text in Astur-Leonese is Nodicia de Kesos (10th Century), and so others like Fueru de Llión, Fueru de Salamanca, Fueru Xulgu, Códice d'Alfonsu XI, ou Disputa d'Elena y María or "llibru d'Alixandre" were written in Leonese^{[citation needed]}. Coat of arms Kingdom of LeÃ³n, 1030 Capital LeÃ³n Language(s) Mainly Latin and Astur-Leonese. ...

The situation of Leonese as minorized language has driven Leonese to near extinction and is considered a seriously endangered language by the UNESCO ^[3]. There are some efforts to gain acceptance among the urban population (the Leonese Council and other municipalities such as Zamora, Coyanza, Mansilla de las Mulas or La Bañeza made campaigns in and for teaching Leonese). An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ...

Education

At the end of the 1990s, several associations unofficially promoted Leonese Language courses. In 2001, the Universidad de León (University of León) created a course for Teachers of Leonese, and Local and Provincial Governments developed Leonese language courses for adults. Nowadays, Leonese can be studied in the most important villages of Leon, Zamora and Salamanca provinces in El Fueyu Courses, after the signing of an agreement between the Leonese Provincial Government and this organization.

Legal Status

Leonese was recognised as a seriously endangered language by UNESCO, in 2006. The only legal reference to this language is in the Autonomy Statute of Castile and Leon^[4]. Capital Valladolid Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 1st 94,223 km² 18,6% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 6th 2,480,369 5. ...

The Province of León government supports the knowledge of this language through courses, by celebrating "Leonese Language Day" and by sponsoring literary efforts in the Leonese Language, such as "Cuentos del Sil", where nine writers from teenagers to people in their eighties develop several stories in Leonese.

Leonese Local Government uses Leonese Language in some of their bureaus, organize courses for adult people and in 2007 organized Leonese Language Day.

See also

The Mirandese language (LhÃ©ngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; LÃngua Mirandesa or MirandÃªs in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal. ...

References

The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family that comprises all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. ... Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe from the local eastern variant of Vulgar Latin. ... Romanian (limba romÃ¢nÄƒ, IPA: ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people[1], primarily in Romania and Moldova. ... Aromanian (also known as Macedo-Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach in most other countries; in Aromanian: limba armÃ£neascÃ£, armÃ£neshce or armÃ£neashti) is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. ... Megleno-Romanian (known as VlÄƒheÅŸte by speakers and Moglenitic, Meglenitic or Megleno-Romanian by linguists) is a Romance language, similar to Aromanian, and Romanian spoken in the MoglenÃ¡ region of Greece, in a few villages in the Republic of Macedonia and also in a few villages in Romania. ... Istro-Romanian is a Romance language - more specifically, an Eastern Romannce language - that is today still spoken in a few villages in the peninsula of Istria, on the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, in what is now Croatia, but which was spoken in a substantially broader part of the... Southern Romance languages are parte of Romance languages that includes the Sardinian language and Sicilian language. ... Sassarese is a diasystem of the Sardinian and Corsican languages, spoken in some areas of the north-western part of Sardinia, in Italy, such as Sassari and a few other places, such as Porto Torres and Sorso. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Sardo Campidanese is a diasystem of the Sardinian language primarily spoken in the Province of Cagliari. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Italo-Western redirects here. ... Italiano centrale is a group of dialects of Italian spoken in Lazio and areas East of Lazio in Italy. ... The Tuscan dialect is a dialect spoken in Tuscany, Italy. ... Corsican (Corsu or Lingua Corsa) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Corsica (France), alongside French, which is the official language. ... Gallurese (gadduresu) is a diasystem of the Sardinian language, spoken in the Gallura (Gaddura), north-eastern part of Sardinia including the town of Tempio Pausania (Tempiu). ... Romanesco is a group of Romance dialects spoken in Rome and most of the surrounding regions of Lazio, Umbria, central Marche and extreme southern Tuscany in central Italy. ... Calabrian language is the name given to a number of Dialects spoken in parts of the Calabria region in Italy. ... Dalmatian is an extinct Romance language formerly spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and as far south as Kotor (Cattaro) in Montenegro. ... Istriot is a Romance language spoken in the Western Region on the coast of the Istrian Peninsula, especially in the towns of Rovinj (Rovigno) and Vodnjan (Dignano), on the upper northern part of the Adriatic Sea, in Croatia. ... Judeo-Italian is a term referring to Italo-Romance linguistic varieties used between the 10th and the 20th centuries in Rome and in central and northern Italy. ... Neapolitan (autonym: napulitano; Italian: ) is a Romance language spoken in the city and region of Naples, Campania (Neapolitan: NÃ pule, Italian: Napoli); close dialects are spoken throughout most of southern Italy, including the Gaeta and Sora districts of southern Lazio, parts of Abruzzo, Molise, Basilicata, northern Calabria, and northern and... Sicilian (, Italian: ) is a Romance language. ... Gallo-Romance languages Gallo-Italian languages Lombard Piedmontese Emilian-Romagnol Venetian Ligurian Gallo-Rhaetian languages OÃ¯l languages(including French) Burgundian Champenois Franc-Comtois French Gallo Lorrain Norman Anglo-Norman Channel Island Norman Auregnais DgÃ¨rnÃ©siais JÃ¨rriais Sercquiais Picard Poitevin-Saintongeais Walloon Rhaetian languages Friulian Ladin Romansh *Franco... This article is about the Northern Italian language occasionally called Cisalpine. ... Areas where Emiliano-Romagnolo is spoken Emiliano-Romagnolo (also known as Emilian-Romagnolo) is a Romance language mostly spoken in Emilia-Romagna. ... Ligurian is a Romance language, consisting of a group of Gallo-Italic dialects currently spoken in Liguria, northern Italy, and parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France, and Monaco. ... Genoese (Zeneize) is the variety of the ligurian language spoken in Genoa, the capital city of Liguria (Italy) . The Ligurian is listed by Ethnologue as a language in its own right (not to be confused with the ancient Ligurian language). ... Street sign in French and MonÃ©gasc in Monaco-Ville MonÃ©gasque (natively Munegascu) is a Romance language and a dialect of the modern Ligurian language. ... The term Lombard refers to a group of related varieties spoken mainly in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions) and Southern Switzerland (Ticino and GraubÃ¼nden). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Western Lombard is a Romance language spoken in Italy, in the Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, a little part of Cremona (except Crema and its neighbours), Lodi and Pavia, and the Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and a small part of Vercelli (Valsesia), and... The gallo-siculo dialects represent a group of dialects found in central-eastern Sicily that date back to migrations from Northern Italy during the time of Roger I of Sicily and which continued after his death under his successor Roger II (from around 1080 to 1120). ... Piedmontese (also known as PiemontÃ¨is, and Piemontese in Italian) is a language spoken by over 2 million people in Piedmont, northwest Italy. ... A sign in Venetian reading Here we also speak Venetian Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over five million people,[1] mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. ... Franco-ProvenÃ§al (FrancoprovenÃ§al) or Arpitan (in vernacular: patouÃ¨s) (in Italian: francoprovenzale, provenzale alpina, arpitano, patois; French: francoprovenÃ§al, arpitan, patois) is a Romance language with several dialects in a linguistic sub-group separate from Langue dOÃ¯l and Langue dOc. ... The geographical spread of the OÃ¯l languages (except French) can be seen in shades of green and yellow in this map Langues doÃ¯l is the linguistic and historical designation of the Gallo-Romance languages which originated in the northern territories of Roman Gaul now occupied by northern... Champenois is a language spoken by a minority of people in France and in Belgium. ... Franc-Comtois is a language spoken by a minority of people in Franche-ComtÃ©. It is one of the langues doÃ¯l and is a regional language of France. ... Gallo is a regional language of France, traditionally spoken in Eastern Brittany. ... Lorrain is a language spoken by a minority of people in Lorraine in France and in Gaume in Belgium. ... Norman is a Romance language and one of the OÃ¯l languages. ... Picard is a language closely related to French, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. ... Walloon (Walon) is a regional Romance language spoken as a second language by some in Wallonia (Belgium). ... Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is any of the various Rhaetian languages spoken in Switzerland. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Ladin (Ladino in Italian, Ladin in Ladin, Ladinisch in German) is a Rhaetian language spoken in the Dolomite mountains in Italy, between the regions of Trentino-South Tyrol and Veneto. ... Not to be confused with Romand which is one of the names for the Franco-ProvenÃ§al language. ... The Occitano-Romance branch of Romance languages encompasses the dialects pertaining to the Occitan and the Catalan languages situated in Southern France, Andorra and Eastern Spain. ... Catalan IPA: (catalÃ IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Balearic is the Catalan variant spoken in the Balearic Islands (Spanish las Islas Baleares), Spain. ... Valencian (valenciÃ ) is the historical, traditional, and official name used in the Valencian Community (Spain) to refer to the language spoken therein, also known as Catalan (catalÃ ) in the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia, Aragon and the Balearic Islands; in the country of Andorra; in the southern French region of... Occitan (IPA AmE: ), known also as Lenga dÃ²c or Langue doc (native name: occitan [1], lenga dÃ²c [2]; native nickname: la lenga nÃ²stra [3] i. ... Auvergnat (French name) or Auvernhat (native name) is one of several dialects of the Occitan language spoken in Auvergne, which is a historical province in the northern part of Occitania. ... Gascon (Gascon, ; French, ) is a dialect of the Occitan language. ... Languedocien is a Romance language akin to Provençal spoken by some people in the part of southern France known as Languedoc. ... The Limousin dialect is a Romance language akin to Provençal spoken or understood by about 400 000 people in the part of southern France known as Limousin. ... Vivaro-Alpine (English name) or Vivaroalpenc, Vivaroaupenc (native name) is the northeastern dialect of the Occitan language. ... ProvenÃ§al (ProvenÃ§au) is one of several dialects of Occitan spoken by a minority of people in southern France and other areas of France and Italy. ... Shuadit, also spelled Chouhadite, Chouhadit, Chouadite, Chouadit, and Shuhadit is the extinct Jewish language of southern France, also known as Judæo-Provençal, Judéo-Comtadin, Hébraïco-Comtadin. ... This article is about a subdivision of the Romance language family. ... Astur-Leonese is a Romance language group of the West Iberian group, spoken in the Spanish provinces of Asturias (Asturian Language, asturianu, or Bable), LeÃ³n, Zamora and Salamanca (Leonese language, LlÃ¯onÃ©s). ... Asturian, Leonese, Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian, LlÃ¯onÃ©s in Leonese) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias, LeÃ³n, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as... Cantabrian language or Mountain language is the name received the language used in the West of Cantabria and some zones of the Valley of Pas and the Valley of Soba, in its Eastern zone. ... Extremaduran is a Romance language spoken by some thousands in Spain, most of them in the autonomous community of Extremadura and the province of Salamanca. ... The Mirandese language (LhÃ©ngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; LÃngua Mirandesa or MirandÃªs in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal. ... Barranquenho (Barranquenhu; English: Barrancainian) is a dialect of Portuguese heavily influenced by Extremaduran spoken in the Portuguese town of Barrancos (in the border between Extremadura and Andalusia, in Spain, and Portugal). ... Galician (Galician: galego, IPA: ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community with the constitutional status of historic nationality, located in northwestern Spain and small bordering zones in neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla y LeÃ³n. ... Fala language (SIL Code: FAX; ISO 639-2 code: roa) is a Romance language from the Portuguese-Galician subgroup spoken in Spain by about 10,500 people, of which 5,500 live in a valley of the northwestern part of Extremadura near the border with Portugal. ... Eonavian or Eonaviego is a term used to refer a set of dialects or falas whose linguistic dominion extends in the zone of Asturias between the Eo and Navia rivers (or more exactly Eo and Barayo rivers). ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Not to be confused with Ladin. ... CalÃ³ (originally ZincalÃ³) or Spanish Romani is a jargon spoken by the Gitanos or Zincarli originating from Spain: CalÃ³ blends native Romani vocabulary with Spanish grammar,[1] as Spanish Gypsies lost the full use of their ancestral language. ... Aragonese redirects here. ... Mozarabic was a continuum of closely related Iberian Romance dialects spoken in Muslim dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of the Romance languages development in Iberia. ... It has been suggested that Moribund language be merged into this article or section. ... This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use. ...

Contents

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Legal Status

See also

References

Education