A lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethality of a given substance or type of radiation. Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the 'lethal dose' represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die. Radiation generally means the transmission of waves, objects or information from a source into a surrounding medium or destination. ...
The most commonly-used lethality indicator is the LD50, a dose at which 50% of subjects will die. LD measurements are often used to describe the power of venoms in animals such as snakes. In toxicology, the LD50 or colloquially semilethal dose of a particular substance is a measure of how much constitutes a lethal dose. ... Families Acrochordidae Aniliidae Anomalepididae Anomochilidae Atractaspididae Boidae Bolyeriidae Colubridae Cylindrophiidae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Leptotyphlopidae Loxocemidae Pythonidae Tropidophiidae Typhlopidae Uropeltidae Viperidae Xenopeltidae Snakes are cold blooded legless reptiles closely related to lizards, which share the order Squamata. ...
Animal-based LD measurements are a commonly-used technique in drug research, although many researchers are now shifting away from such methods.
LD figures depend not only on the species of animal, but also on the mode of administration of the toxin; for instance, a toxin inhaled or injected into the bloodstream may require a much smaller dosage than if the same toxin is swallowed. A toxin, in a scientific context, is a biologically produced substance that causes injury to the health of a living thing on contact or absorption, typically by interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes and receptors. ...
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In animal testing studies, and those of other organisms, the dose administered that kills half the test population is referred to as the LD50, for "LethalDose, 50%".
The median infective dose (ID50) is the number of organisms received by a person or test animal qualified by the route of administration (e.g., 1,200 org/man per oral).
Because of the difficulties in counting actual organisms in a dose, infective doses may be expressed in terms of biological assay, such as the number of LD50's to some test animal.
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