Letichev Assumption Church today

Letychiv (Ukrainian: Летичів; Polish: Latyczów; Russian: Летичев) is a town in the eastern part of Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. 51 km from Khmelnytskyi and 33 km from the railway station Derazhnya. Administrative center since Tsarist times, formerly in Podolia Province. Population: 11,081 inhabitants (2001 census). There are brickworks, diary, plant of construction material in the town. Located 49°23'N, 27°37'E on the main road between Khmelnitsky and Vinnitsa at the confluence of the Volk and the Yuzhny Bug rivers. Image File history File links Letichev_Assumption_Church_1995. ... Image File history File links Letichev_Assumption_Church_1995. ... Urban-type settlement (Russian: , posyolok gorodskogo tipa; Ukrainian: , selyshche miskoho typu; abbreviated as in Russian and as in Ukrainian) is an official designation for a certain type of urban settlements used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union. ... Khmelnytskyi Oblast (Хмельницька область, Khmel’nyts’ka oblast’ or Хмельниччина, Khmelnychchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Khmelnytskyi. ... Derazhnia train station. ... Historical arms of Podilia The region of Podolia (also spelt Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ... The first Ukrainian Census after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was carried out by State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on December 5, 2001, twelve years after the last All-Union census in 1989. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Khmelnytskyi. ... Vinnytsia, or Vinnytsya (Ukrainian Вінниця, Polish: Winnica) is a city in central Ukraine, located on the banks of Pivdennyi Buh River in 270 km far from the capital Kyiv. ...

History

Letichev Coats of Arms. Top is the original 1569. Bottom is from 1792 and the Russian Imperial era.

Letichev Assumption Church. Top is the Letichev Icon. Bottom is the facade of the church.

Letichev Castle. During World War II, it served as a notorious slave labor camp.

At this location approximately 7,500 Letichev Jews were murdered by Nazis during World War II.

Founded in 1362. First historical mention is in connection with the Tatar invasions dates to 1411. It is mentioned first as a palisade fortress, then under Magdeburg law as a settlement in 1429. Even with natural moats on all sides, Letichev did not have the topographic relief that blesses other Podolia Province strongholds (such as Medzhibozh or Kamenets Podolsky). Thus, Letichev was more easily attacked and harder to defend. Because of this, until Tsarist times Letichev played a subordinate role to nearby Medzhibozh. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (830x1664, 89 KB) Key words: Letychiv, Coat of Arms The upper was originally presented to the town of Letichev by Stephan Batory in 1569. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (830x1664, 89 KB) Key words: Letychiv, Coat of Arms The upper was originally presented to the town of Letichev by Stephan Batory in 1569. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1131x1554, 248 KB) Key words: Letychiv, Church, Icon The Assumption Church in Letichev and its Icon. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1131x1554, 248 KB) Key words: Letychiv, Church, Icon The Assumption Church in Letichev and its Icon. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2099x1443, 273 KB) Key words: Letychiv, Castle Letichev Castle, photo taken 1917. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2099x1443, 273 KB) Key words: Letychiv, Castle Letichev Castle, photo taken 1917. ... Image File history File links Mass_killing_site_Letichev_1995. ... Image File history File links Mass_killing_site_Letichev_1995. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 - 1362 - 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 See also: 1362 state leaders Events Under Edward III, English replaces French as Englands national language, for the... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... Events February 11 : Peace of ToruÅ„ 1411 signed in ToruÅ„, Poland Births September 21 - Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, claimant to the English throne (died 1460) Juan de Mena, Spanish poet (died 1456) Deaths June 3 - Duke Leopold IV of Austria (born 1371) November 4 - Khalil Sultan, ruler of... The Magdeburg Rights (or Magdeburg law) were the laws of the Imperial Free City of Magdeburg during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, and possibly the most important set of Germanic medieval city laws. ... January 10 - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, founds the European Order of the Golden Fleece February 12 - Battle of Rouvray (or of the Herrings). English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army of William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk at... Historical arms of Podilia The region of Podolia (also spelt Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ... Medzhibozh Castle today Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Translit: Medzhibozh, Polish: MiÄ™dzybórz, MiÄ™dzyborz or MiÄ™dzybóż, Yiddish: , translit. ... Kamianets-Podilskyi, or Kamyanets-Podilsky (Ukrainian: Камянець-Подільський; Russian Каменец-Подольский, Kamenets-Podolskiy; Polish: Kamieniec Podolski; Yiddish קאַמענעץ, Kamenets; Latin Camenecium) is a city in south-western Ukraine. ... Medzhibozh Castle today Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Translit: Medzhibozh, Polish: MiÄ™dzybórz, MiÄ™dzyborz or MiÄ™dzybóż, Yiddish: , translit. ...

Dominican monks brought an icon of Mary, mother of Jesus to Letichev in the late 1400s. Letichev suffered attacks by the Tatars in 1453, 1516, 1558, and 1567. In 1546, the first Assumption church was built. In 1569, Stephan Batory presented Letichev with its first coat of arms. It shows a wolf, representing the river Volk. In 1598 Jan Potocki replaced the town's weaker wooden fortifications with extensive stone fortifications. Very little of these survive today, with the exception of one tower and the adjacent walls around the Assumption Church (rebuilt by Potocki in 1605). Letichev suffered deprivations from Bogdan Khmelnitsky's cossack uprising in 1648. During this time, Letichev's icon was removed from the Assumption Church for safekeeping in Lvov. Weakened by the cossack uprising, Podolia was invaded and occupied by Turkey in 1672. Letichev became part of the Turkish Ejalet of Kamieniecki. In 1682, Letichev was recaptured by the Poles under Jan Sobiesky. The icon was returned to Letichev in 1723. In 1778, Pope Clement XIV ordered that a special crown from Rome be installed on the icon. Letichev continued to be attacked by cossacks and Haidamaks in 1702, 1734, 1737, 1749, 1750, 1755, 1768, and 1777. Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... Stefan Batory (1533-1586) was Prince of Transylvania (1571-1575), then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1575-1586). ... Noble Family Potocki Coat of Arms PiÅ‚awa Parents StanisÅ‚aw Potocki Anna Teresa OssoliÅ„ska Consorts Julia Lubomirska Konstancja Potocka Children with Julia Lubomirska Alfred Wojciech Potocki Artur Potocki with Konstancja Potocka Bernard Potocki Irena Potocka Teresa Potocka Date of Birth March 3, 1761 Place of Birth Leżajsk... Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Ukrainian: Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Богда́н Хмельни́цкий (Bogdan Khmelnitsky)) ( 1595 — August 6, 1657) was a famous and a somewhat controversial leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine. ... Historical arms of Podilia The region of Podolia (also spelt Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ... Reign From May 21, 1674, until June 17, 1696 Elected On May 21, 1674 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Consorts Marie... This article needs cleanup. ... The Haidamaks were paramilitary bands in 18th century Ukraine. ...

In 18th century, Letichev had grown to be the second largest town in Podolia, Medzhibozh being the largest. The first Jews in Letichev are reported in stories within Shivhei haBesht (stories about the Baal Shem Tov) that probably date from about 1750. By the 1780s there were approximately 800 Jews living in the town. Letichev passed into Russian hands during the second partition of Poland in 1792. At that time, the Tsarist administrative center of this region moved from Medzhibozh to Letichev. The population soon exploded and reached its peak in the late 1800s. Approximately 4,100 Jews lived here in 1897, about 60% of the population. In 1882 Letichev was the scene of a notorious pogrom against Jews that resulted in a sensational trial of the pogromists. Historical arms of Podilia The region of Podolia (also spelt Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. ... Medzhibozh Castle today Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Translit: Medzhibozh, Polish: MiÄ™dzybórz, MiÄ™dzyborz or MiÄ™dzybóż, Yiddish: , translit. ... This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Israel ben Eliezer Rabbi Israel (Yisroel) ben Eliezer (about 1700 Okopy Świętej Tr jcy - May 22, 1760 Międzyborz) was a Jewish Orthodox mystical rabbi who is better known to most religious Jews as... The Partitions of Poland (Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... Medzhibozh Castle today Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Translit: Medzhibozh, Polish: MiÄ™dzybórz, MiÄ™dzyborz or MiÄ™dzybóż, Yiddish: , translit. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centers. ...

After the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the territory was occupied by German and Hungarian troops until the end of World War I. Letichev was the scene of numerous pogroms during the Ukrainian Civil War of 1919-1922. The town changed hands many times as different militia units from either the Bolsheviks, Ukrainian Nationalists, Poles, or Whites gained temporary control. What little wealth was left was stripped in these pogroms turning the entire area into ruins. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the system of autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal Provisional Government (Duma), resulting in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... {{Infobox Military Conflict |conflict = World War I |partof = |image = |caption = Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centers. ... Combatants Red Army (Bolsheviks) White Army (Monarchists, SRs, Anti-Communists) Green Army (Peasants and Nationalists) Black Army (Anarchists) United States of America Commanders Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Lavr Kornilov, Alexander Kolchak, Anton Denikin, Pyotr Wrangel Alexander Antonov, Nikifor Grigoriev Nestor Makhno Strength 5,427,273 (peak) +1,000...

Under Soviet rule starting 1922, the region's economy improved. Electricity, schools, roads and other infrastructure were built. Several kolkhozi (collective farms) were established nearby. In the early 1930s, pressure from the government to collectivize and the needs of private peasants resulted in severe food shortages that resulted in famines throughout Ukraine. A kolkhoz (Russian: ), plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms (sovkhoz). ... The Holodomor (Ukrainian: ) was the 1932–33 famine and a major national catastrophe in Ukraine. ...

In World War II, Letichev fell to Nazi forces during Operation Barbarossa on July 17, 1941 after heavy fighting. In that action, retreating Soviet troop blew up the dam over the river Volk overwhich carried the main east-west road. This temporarily stopped the Nazi advance for nine days until the position could be outflanked from the south. It remained in Nazi hands until it was liberated by Soviet troops on March 23, 1944. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... National Socialism redirects here. ... Combatants Germany Romania Finland Italy Hungary Slovakia Soviet Union Commanders Adolf Hitler General (later MareÅŸal) Ion Antonescu Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Joseph Stalin Strength ~ 3. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... National Socialism redirects here. ...

Letichev was astride an important east-west supply road that the Nazis wanted to expand into an autobahn-like highway. This road led directly between the city of Proskurov and routes westward into Germany and the city of Vinnitsa with routes to the eastern front. Vinnitsa was the site of Hitler's headquarters bunker in Soviet territory where he personally directed the war between 1942 and 1943. National Socialism redirects here. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Khmelnytskyi, (Khmelnitsky in Russian, Chmielnicki in Polish, sometimes spelled Khmelnytskyy) is a city in Ukraine. ... Vinnytsia, or Vinnytsya (Ukrainian Вінниця, Polish: Winnica) is a city in central Ukraine, located on the banks of Pivdennyi Buh River in 270 km far from the capital Kyiv. ... Vinnytsia, or Vinnytsya (Ukrainian Вінниця, Polish: Winnica) is a city in central Ukraine, located on the banks of Pivdennyi Buh River in 270 km far from the capital Kyiv. ... Hitler redirects here. ...

A Jewish ghetto and a separate slave labor camp within Letichev Castle was established in Letichev to assist Organisation Todt in providing human labor for the road building project. Because of this special road project, Letichev retained its Jews longer than most of the surrounding communities, where Einsatzgruppen units executed entire populations of Jews shortly after Nazi occupation. However, when the road project was completed in the summer of 1942, the Einsatzgruppen units were called in. Three separate mass shootings of Jews occured in September 1942 where 3,000 Jews were killed (half the ghetto), in November 1942 where 4,000 Jews were killed (the remainder of the ghetto), and in November 1943 where the remaining 200 Jews in the slave labor camp were shot. That eliminated all Jews from the town. Soviet authorities reported that a total of 7,200 Jews were murdered in a ravine in Zaletichevka, just south of town. A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion. ... Organisation Todt (OT) was a German construction and engineering group. ... A member of Einsatzgruppe D is just about to shoot a Jewish man kneeling before a filled mass grave in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, in 1942. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... A member of Einsatzgruppe D is just about to shoot a Jewish man kneeling before a filled mass grave in Vinnitsa, Ukraine, in 1942. ...

Famous People

• Ustim Karmaluk (1787-1835), a notorious thief and gang leader, is considered a Ukrainian Robin Hood and folk hero. He principly robbed from rich nobles and distributed the wealth to peasants. He is buried in the Letichev Cemetery. A statue to his honor is located there.
• Morris Zimmerman (1876-1959), immigrated to the US from Letichev in 1903 and became an important craftsman, merchant and businessman in Baltimore, Md.
• Oscar Williams (1900-1964), a noted American poet, was born in Letichev to Jewish parents.
• Rabbi Samuel M. Blumenfield (1901-1972), a noted American rabbi, was born in Letichev and immigrated to the US in 1919.
• Joseph "Doc" Stacher (1902-1977), from the Letichev Oystacher family, was a notorious Jewish crime boss who immigrated to the U.S. and later to Israel. He had close connections with the Jewish Mafia of Meyer Lansky and Bugsy Siegel (whose parents Max Siegel and Jennie Goldstein Siegel came from Letichev).
• David H. Kurtzman, Ph.D. (1904-1977), a noted American academician, immigrated from Letichev in 1921.

Ustim Karmaluk (1787-1835) was a Ukrainian peasant and bandit who became a folk hero known as the Ukrainian Robin Hood. ... Robin Hood memorial statue in Nottingham. ... Oscar Williams (1900-1964) was an American anthologist and poet. ... Joseph Doc Stacher (1902-1977) was a Jewish syndicate leader who helped bring together the Jewish and Italian Mafia into a national organized crime syndicate. ... This article may be confusing or unclear for some readers, and should be edited to rectify this. ... Benjamin Bugsy Siegel (February 28, 1906 – June 20, 1947) was an American gangster, popularly thought to be the impetus behind large-scale development of Las Vegas. ...

Bibliography

Chapin, David A. and Weinstock, Ben, The Road from Letichev: The history and culture of a forgotten Jewish community in Eastern Europe, Volume 1. ISBN 0-595-00666-3 iUniverse, Lincoln, NE, 2000.

Chapin, David A. and Weinstock, Ben, The Road from Letichev: The history and culture of a forgotten Jewish community in Eastern Europe, Volume 2. ISBN 0-595-00667-1 iUniverse, Lincoln, NE, 2000.

External Links:

• Road from Letychiv. Book by David Chapin and Ben Weinstock
• Road from Letychiv - online reading version
• Article on Letychiv (Polish)

	Administrative divisions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine
	Raions: Bilohirskyi | Chemerovetskyi | Derazhnianskyi | Dunaievetskyi | Horodotskyi | Iziaslavskyi | Kamianets-Podilskyi | Khmelnytskyi | Krasylivskyi | Letychivskyi | Novoushytskyi | Polonskyi | Shepetivskyi | Slavutskyi | Starokostiantynivskyi | Starosyniavskyi | Teofipolskyi | Vinkovetskyi | Volochyskyi | Yarmolynetskyi Image File history File links Chmelnyzkyj-oblast-COA.PNG File links The following pages link to this file: Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine Kamianets-Podilskyi Shepetivka Slavuta Volochysk Polonne Template:Cities in Khmelnytskyi Oblast ... Khmelnytskyi Oblast (Хмельницька область, Khmel’nyts’ka oblast’ or Хмельниччина, Khmelnychchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... See rayon for the textile made of processed cellulose. ...
	Cities: Derazhnia | Dunaivtsi | Horodok | Iziaslav | Kamianets-Podilskyi | Khmelnytskyi | Krasyliv | Netishyn | Polonne | Shepetivka | Slavuta | Starokostiantyniv | Volochysk Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts (Ukrainian singular: область, oblast; plural області, oblasti), one autonomous republic (автономна республіка, avtonomna respublika), and two cities with special status (singular місто зі спеціальним статусом, misto zi spetsialnym statusom). ... Derazhnia train station. ... Dunaivtsi (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Horodok (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Iziaslav (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... General view of the fortress. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Khmelnytskyi. ... Krasyliv is a city in Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. ... Netishyn (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) is a city in Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province), in the west of Ukraine. ... Polonne (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine, the center of the Polonne Raion. ... Shepetivka (Ukrainian: , Russian: is a city located on the Huska River in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of Western Ukraine; population 48,212 (as of 2001 Ukrainian census). ... Slavuta (Ukrainian: Славута, Polish: Sławuta) is a town in Ukraine, located in Khmelnytskyi Oblast at 50º18 26º52, 80 km from Khmelnytskyi. ... Starokostiantyniv (Ukrainian: ; also referred to as Starokonstantinov) is a city in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... Volochysk is a district center in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Western Ukraine. ...
	Urban-type settlements: Antoniny | Bazaliya | Bilohirya | Chemerivtsi | Chornyi Ostriv | Hrytsiv | Letychiv | Lozove | Medzhybizh | Narkevychi | Nova Ushytsya | Poninka | Sataniv | Smotrych | Stara Syniava | Stara Ushytsya | Teofipol | Vinkivtsi | Viytivtsi | Vovkovyntsi | Yampil | Yarmolyntsi | Zakupne | more... Urban-type settlement (Russian: , posyolok gorodskogo tipa; Ukrainian: , selyshche miskoho typu; abbreviated as in Russian and as in Ukrainian) is an official designation for a certain type of urban settlements used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union. ... Bazaliya (Ukrainian: ) is a town in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... Medzhybizh (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Translit: Medzhibozh, Polish: Międzybórz, Międzyborz or Międzybóż, Yiddish: , translit. ... Yampil (Ukrainian: ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. ... As of January 1, 2006 there are 886 urban-type settlements (Ukrainian: , translit. ...
	Villages: Kupyn | Kutkivtsi | Pyliava | more... A village is a human residential settlement commonly found in rural areas. ... Kupyn (Ukrainian: ; Russian: Kupin) is a village in Horodotskyi Raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. ... Kutkivtsi (Ukrainian: , Russian: , translit. ... Pyliava (Ukrainian: ) is a village (selo) in central Ukraine. ...