This article discusses the Biblical patriarch. See Levi Strauss for the inventor of jeans, Levites for the Biblical tribe, or Matthew the Evangelist for the disciple sometimes known as "Levi". For other names and surnames, see Levi (disambiguation).

Levi/Levy (Hebrew: לֵוִי, Standard Levy Tiberian Lēwî ; "joining") was, according to the Book of Genesis, the third son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Levi (the levites); however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation^[1]. Certain religious and political functions were reserved for the Levites, and, according to textual scholars, the early sources of the Torah - the Jahwist and Elohist - appear to treat the term Levi as just being a word meaning priest; scholars suspect that "levi" was originally a general term for a priest, and had no connection to ancestry, and that it was only later, for example in the priestly source and Blessing of Moses, that the existence of a tribe named Levi became assumed, in order to explain the origin of the priestly caste^[2][3]. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Alternative meaning: Claude L vi-Strauss, the French anthropologist. ... In the Jewish tradition, a Levite (לוי Attached, Standard Hebrew Levi, Tiberian Hebrew Lēwî) is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. ... Matthew the Evangelist (מתי, Gift of the LORD, Standard Hebrew and Tiberian Hebrew: Mattay; Septuagint Greek: Ματθαίος, Matthaios), most often called Saint Matthew, is an important Christian figure, and one of Jesus Twelve Apostles. ... Levi refers to: // Yehuda Halevi Alexander Levi Beppo Levi Bernard Levy Carlo Levi Ijahman Levi Edward Hirsch Levi Eliphas Levi Jennifer Levi Leone Levi Moshe Levi Peter Levi Primo Levi Rita Levi-Montalcini Tullio Levi-Civita Yehuda Levi Yoel Levi Levi Asher Levi Addison Ault Levi Boone Levi Celerio Levi... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Tanakh, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early Middle Ages, beginning in the 8th century. ... Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... This article is about Jacob in the Hebrew Bible. ... Look up Leah, לֵאָה in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Israelite in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the Jewish tradition, a Levite (לוי Attached, Standard Hebrew Levi, Tiberian Hebrew Lēwî) is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. ... This article is about the academic treatment of the bible as a historical document. ... Postdiction, post-shadowing, retroactive clairvoyance, and prediction after the fact are terms used by critics to refer to those who use hindsight to claim to have predicted a significant event such as a plane crash or natural disaster. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... This article is about metaphor in literature and rhetoric. ... Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of Greek words aitia = cause and logos = word/speech) is used in philosophy, physics and biology in reference to the causes of various phenomena. ... Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century Textual criticism or lower criticism is a branch of philology or bibliography that is concerned with the identification and removal of errors from texts and manuscripts. ... A relational diagram describing the various versions postulated by the biblical documentary hypothesis. ... Template:Jews and Jewdaism Template:The Holy Book Named TorRah The Torah () is the most valuable Holy Doctrine within Judaism,(and for muslims) revered as the first relenting Word of Ulllah, traditionally thought to have been revealed to Blessed Moosah, An Apostle of Ulllah. ... The Jahwist, also referred to as the Jehovist, Yahwist, or simply as J, is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... The Elohist (E) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... The Priestly Source (P) is the most recent of the four sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... The Blessing of Moses is a poem that appears in Deuteronomy at 33:2-27. ...

The text of the Torah argues that the name of Levi refers to Leah's hope for Jacob to join with her, implying a derivation from yillaweh, meaning he will join, but Biblical scholars have proposed quite different origins of the name^[4]. Many scholars suspect that it simply means priest, either by being a loan word originating from the Minaean word lawi'u, meaning priest, or by referring to those people who were joined to the ark of the covenant^[5]. Some scholars believe that the Levites were not originally Israelite, instead originating as migrants, and consequently consider the name to refer to the Levites joining with either the Israelites in general, or the earlier Israelite priesthood in particular^[6]. It has also been suggested that the term Levi may just be a corruption of the name Leah (or vice versa), or cognate with the word leviathan, whose exact translation remains highly debated^[7]. Template:Jews and Jewdaism Template:The Holy Book Named TorRah The Torah () is the most valuable Holy Doctrine within Judaism,(and for muslims) revered as the first relenting Word of Ulllah, traditionally thought to have been revealed to Blessed Moosah, An Apostle of Ulllah. ... A pair of lions copulating in the Maasai Mara, Kenya. ... This article is about the academic treatment of the bible as a historical document. ... A loanword (or a borrowing) is a word taken in by one language from another. ... The Minaeans from Arabic (المعينيون Maeeneoon) or (معين Maeen) (also spelled Main) were an ancient Arab group in Yemen during the 1st millennium BC. Their Minaean Kingdom Arabic (مملكة معين Mamlakat Maeen) was one of the major kingdoms in ancient Yemen and Southwestern Arabia. ... The Ark of the Covenant (ארון הברית in Hebrew: aron habrit) is described in the Hebrew Bible as a sacred container, wherein rested the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandments as well as other sacred Israelite objects. ... Look up cognate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the biblical creature. ...

Ancestral

In the Book of Genesis, Levi is described as having fathered three sons - Gershon, Kohath, and Merari^[8]. A similar genealogy is given in the Book of Exodus, where it is added that among Kohath's sons was one - Amram - who married a woman named Jochebed, who was closely related to his father, and between them were the biological parents of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam^[9]; though some Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Torah state that Jochebed was Amram's father's cousin, the masoretic text states that she was his father's sister^[10], and the Septuagint mentions that she was one of his father's sisters. The masoretic text's version of Levi's genealogy thus implies (but doesn't state) that Levi also had a daughter (Jochebed), and the Septuagint implies further daughters. The names of Levi's sons, and possible daughter, are interpreted in classical rabbinical literature as being reflections on their future destiny^[11]. In some apocryphal texts such as the Testament of Levi, and the Book of Jubilees, Levi's wife, his children's mother, is named as Milkah, a daughter of Aram^[12][13]. Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... Gershon was the oldest of the three sons of Levi; his brothers were Kohath and Merari (Gen. ... In the Old Testament, Kohath is both the name of one of the three sons of Levi and the name of one of the 3 subtribes of the tribe of Levi. ... Merari sad; bitter in Hebrew. ... This article is about the second book in the Torah. ... Amram (עַמְרָם Friend of the most high (God), or People are Exalted Standard Hebrew Ê¿Amram, Tiberian Hebrew Ê¿Amrām) is a Levite, a son of Kohath, the husband of Jochebed (Exodus 6:20 and Numbers 26:59) and father of Aaron, Miriam and Moses. ... According to the Hebrew Bible, Jochebed or Yochéved (יוֹכֶבֶד / יוֹכָבֶד The LORD is glory, Standard Hebrew Yoḫéved / Yoḫáved, Tiberian Hebrew Yôḵéḇeḏ / Yôḵāḇe&#7695... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... The Adoration of the Golden Calf by Nicolas Poussin Aaron (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ), or Aaron the Levite (flourished about 1200 B.C.), was, according to biblical accounts, one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the Hebrew people. ... Miriam (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian  ; meaning either wished for child, bitter or rebellious, but it might be derived originally from an Egyptian name, myr beloved or mr love[1]) was the sister of Moses and Aaron, and the daughter of Amram and Jochebed. ... The Masoretic Text (MT) is the Hebrew text of the Tanakh approved for general use in Judaism. ... Incest is defined as sexual intercourse between closely related persons. ... The Septuagint: A column of uncial text from 1 Esdras in the Codex Vaticanus, the basis of Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brentons Greek edition and English translation. ... Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaisms rabbinic writing/s throughout history. ... Apocrypha (from the Greek word , meaning those having been hidden away[1]) are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned. ... The Testament of Levi is one of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, containing the advice of the Jewish Patriarch Levi to his sons while on his deathbed. ... The Book of Jubilees expands and reworks material found in Genesis to Exodus 15. ... The term Aram can refer to: Aram (אֲרָם or ), the son of Shem, according to the Table of nations of Genesis 10 in the Hebrew Bible. ...

Textual scholars attribute the genealogy to the Book of Generations, a document originating from a similar religiopolitical group and date to the priestly source^[14]. According to biblical scholars, the Torah's genealogy for Levi's descendants, is actually an aetiological myth reflecting the fact that there were four different groups among the levites - the Gershonites, Kohathites, Merarites, and Aaronids^[15]; Aaron - the eponymous ancestor of the Aaronids - couldn't be portrayed as a brother to Gershon, Kohath, and Merari, as the narrative about the birth of Moses (brother of Aaron), which textual scholars attribute to the earlier Elohist source, mentions only that both his parents were Levites (without identifying their names)^[16]. Biblical scholars suspect that the Elohist account offers both matrilinial and patrilinial descent from Levites in order to magnify the religious credentials of Moses^[17]. The Book of generations is a partially lost text that the modern documentary hypothesis claims was used by the redactor of the torah to connect up parts of the priestly source and the JE source. ... The Priestly Source (P) is the most recent of the four sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... A Gershonite is a descendant of Biblical Gershon, son of Levi (Num. ... The Kohathites were one of the four main divisions among the Levites in Biblical times. ... The Merarites were one of the four main divisions among the Levites in Biblical times. ... Aaron (אַהֲרֹן, a word meaning bearer of martyrs in Hebrew (perhaps also, or instead, related to the Egyptian Aha Rw, Warrior Lion), Standard Hebrew Aharon, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAhărōn), was one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the Hebrew people. ... The Elohist (E) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Patrilineality (a. ...

Assuming that the masoretic text/Septuagint is accurate in respect to Jochebed, the family tree of Levi's immediate descendants would be as follows:

Gershon was the oldest of the three sons of Levi; his brothers were Kohath and Merari (Gen. ... In the Old Testament, Kohath is both the name of one of the three sons of Levi and the name of one of the 3 subtribes of the tribe of Levi. ... Merari sad; bitter in Hebrew. ... According to the Hebrew Bible, Jochebed or Yochéved (יוֹכֶבֶד / יוֹכָבֶד The LORD is glory, Standard Hebrew Yoḫéved / Yoḫáved, Tiberian Hebrew Yôḵéḇeḏ / Yôḵāḇe&#7695... Amram (עַמְרָם Friend of the most high (God), or People are Exalted Standard Hebrew Ê¿Amram, Tiberian Hebrew Ê¿Amrām) is a Levite, a son of Kohath, the husband of Jochebed (Exodus 6:20 and Numbers 26:59) and father of Aaron, Miriam and Moses. ... [Izhar] (Also known as Yitzhar) Son of Kehat who was the son of Levi, the son of Jacob. ... . ... Uzziel was a Levite of ancient Israel who is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. ... Miriam (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian  ; meaning either wished for child, bitter or rebellious, but it might be derived originally from an Egyptian name, myr beloved or mr love[1]) was the sister of Moses and Aaron, and the daughter of Amram and Jochebed. ... The Adoration of the Golden Calf by Nicolas Poussin Aaron (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ), or Aaron the Levite (flourished about 1200 B.C.), was, according to biblical accounts, one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the Hebrew people. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ...

Priestly

In accordance with his role as founder of the Levites, Levi is occasionally referred to in the Bible as being particularly pious. The Blessing of Moses, which textual scholars attribute to period just before the deuteronomist^[18], speaks about Levi via an allegorical comparison to Moses himself^[19], which hagaddah take to support the characterisation of Levi (and his progeny) as being by far the greatest of his brothers in respect to piety^[20]. The apocryphal Prayer of Asenath, which textual scholars believe dates from some time after the first century AD (scholarship in regards to the dating is currently quite contentious, with dates ranging from near the first century, to the fourth or fifth centuries)^[21], describes Levi as a prophet and saint, able to forecast the future, understand heavenly writings (astrology ?), and someone who admonishes the people to be forgiving, as well as in awe of God^[22]. The Book of Malachi argues that the Levites were chosen by Yahweh to be the priests, because Levi was always accurate, having never lied, specified only the true religious regulations, was reverent, revered Yahweh, was in awe of the Tetragrammaton, upheld peace, was a model of good morality, and turned many people from sin^[23] In spiritual terminology, piety is a virtue. ... The Blessing of Moses is a poem that appears in Deuteronomy at 33:2-27. ... The Deuteronomist (D) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis that treats the texts of Scripture as products of human intellect, working in time. ... Allegory of Music by Filippino Lippi. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... Haggadah for Passover (fourteenth century). ... Apocrypha (from the Greek word , meaning those having been hidden away[1]) are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned. ... Joseph and Aseneth (alternatively spelled Asaneth) is an ancient apocryphal expansion of the Book of Genesiss account of the patriarch Josephs marriage to Aseneth. ... Hand-coloured version of the anonymous Flammarion woodcut (1888). ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Malachi (or Malachias, מַלְאָכִי, Malʾaḫi, Málakhî) is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh, written by the prophet Malachi. ... For other uses, see Yahweh (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Yahweh be merged into this article or section. ... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes or gaining advantage. ... Morality (from the Latin manner, character, proper behaviour) has three principal meanings. ...

In the Testament of Levi, Levi is described as having had two visions. The first vision covered eschatological issues, portraying the seven heavens, the Jewish Messiah, and Judgement Day. The second vision portrays seven angels bringing Levi seven insignia signifying priesthood, prophecy, and judgement; in the vision, after the angels anoint Levi, and initiate him as a priest, they tell him of the future of his descendants, mentioning Moses, the Aaronid priesthood, and a time when there would be priest-kings; this latter point was of particular interest to the Maccabean period of John Hyrcanus, who was both a high priest, and warrior-king, though according to textual scholars this is to be expected, since the Testament of Levi was written during Maccabean rule, between 153BC and 107BC, and closer to the latter date^[24]. The Book of Jubilees similarly has Isaac telling Levi of the future of his descendants, again predicting priesthood, prophets, and political power^[25], and additionally describes Jacob as entrusting Levi with the secrets of the ancients, so that they would be known only to the Levites^[26]; however, like the Testament of Levi, the Book of Jubilees is regarded as a Maccabean document by scholars^[27]. The Testament of Levi is one of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, containing the advice of the Jewish Patriarch Levi to his sons while on his deathbed. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In Judaism and Jewish eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, anointed [one]) is a term traditionally referring to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be anointed (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during... The term Judgement Day may refer to: The Last Judgement; the ethical-judicial trial, judgement, and punishment/reward of individual humans (assignment to Heaven or to Hell) by a divine tribunal at the end of time. ... To anoint is to apply perfumed oil. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... Aaron (אַהֲרֹן, a word meaning bearer of martyrs in Hebrew (perhaps also, or instead, related to the Egyptian Aha Rw, Warrior Lion), Standard Hebrew Aharon, Tiberian Hebrew ʾAhărōn), was one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the Hebrew people. ... Wojciech Stattlers Machabeusze (Maccabees), 1844 The Maccabees (Hebrew: מכבים or מקבים, Makabim) were Jewish rebels who fought against the rule of Antiochus IV Epiphanes of the Hellenistic Seleucid dynasty, who was succeeded by his infant son Antiochus V Eupator. ... John Hyrcanus (Yohanan Girhan) (reigned 134 BC - 104 BC, died 104 BC) was a Hasmonean (Maccabeean) leader of the 2nd century BC. Apparently the name Hyrcanus was taken by him as a reignal name upon his accession to power. ... The Book of Jubilees expands and reworks material found in Genesis to Exodus 15. ...

Vengeful

In a Biblical narrative, Levi and Simeon destroy the city of Shechem in revenge for the rape of Dinah, seizing the wealth of the city, and killing the men^[28]; the narrative also mentions that the brothers had earlier mislead the denizens of Shechem, by consenting to Dinah's rapist marrying her, and when Jacob hears about the destruction of Shechem by Simeon and Levi, he castigates them for it^[29]. In the Blessing of Jacob, Jacob is described as imposing a curse on the Levites, by which they would be scattered, in punishment for Levi's actions in Shechem^[30]; textual scholars date the Blessing of Jacob to a period between just one and two centuries prior to the babylonian captivity^[31][32], and Biblical scholars regard this curse, and Dinah herself as an aetiological postdiction to explain the fates of the tribe of Simeon and the Levites, the simpler explanation of the Levites' scattered nature being that the priesthood was originally open to any tribe, but gradually became seen as a distinct tribe itself (the Levites)^[33][34]. Simeon was Jacobs second son. ... Shechem is a name of geographical places. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... The Blessing of Jacob is a poem that appears in Genesis at 49:1b-27. ...

See also

• Levite
• Testament of Levi
• Levi (disambiguation)
• List of people by name: Lev
• Miscegenation

In the Jewish tradition, a Levite (לֵוִי Attached, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. ... The Testament of Levi is one of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, containing the advice of the Jewish Patriarch Levi to his sons while on his deathbed. ... Levi refers to: // Yehuda Halevi Alexander Levi Beppo Levi Bernard Levy Carlo Levi Ijahman Levi Edward Hirsch Levi Eliphas Levi Jennifer Levi Leone Levi Moshe Levi Peter Levi Primo Levi Rita Levi-Montalcini Tullio Levi-Civita Yehuda Levi Yoel Levi Levi Asher Levi Addison Ault Levi Boone Levi Celerio Levi... Frederick Douglass with his second wife Helen Pitts Douglass (sitting) who was white, a famous 19th century American example of miscegenation. ... This article is about Jacob in the Hebrew Bible. ... Look up Leah, לֵאָה in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, Standard Hebrew Rəʾuven, Tiberian Hebrew Rəʾûḇēn) is the first-born son of Jacob and the founder of the Tribe of Reuben, as related in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. ... Simeon (Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן, ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the second son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Simeon; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation... Judah/Yehuda (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Standard YÉ™huda Tiberian ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Judah; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to... Issachar or Yissachar (יִשָּׂשׁכָר Reward; recompense, Standard Hebrew Yissaḫar, Tiberian Hebrew Yiśśâḵār) was the fifth son of Jacob and his first wife Leah. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... This article is about the Biblical character. ... Joseph interprets the dream of the Pharaoh. ... For other uses, see Benjamin (disambiguation). ... In the Book of Genesis, Bilhah (בִּלְהָה Faltering; bashful, Standard Hebrew Bilha, Tiberian Hebrew Bilhāh) is a concubine of Jacob, and bears him two sons, Dan and Naphtali. ... Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, Standard Dan Tiberian Dān; Judge) was, according to the Book of Genesis, a son of Jacob and Bilhah (the first son of Bilhah, but the fifth son of Jacob), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Dan[1]; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an... Naphtali (Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי, Standard Tiberian  ; My struggle) is the sixth son of Jacob and the founder of the tribe of Naphtali, first mentioned in the Book of Genesis and as described in the Hebrew Bible. ... In the Book of Genesis, Zilpah (זִלְפָּה Drooping, Standard Hebrew Zilpa, Tiberian Hebrew Zilpāh) is a concubine of Jacob and the mother of Gad and Asher. ... Gad (Hebrew: גד ; luck) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the first son of Jacob and Zilpah, the seventh of Jacob overall, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Gad; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe... Asher (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ), was, according to the Book of Genesis, the second son of Jacob and Zilpah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Asher; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the...

Citations

1. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
2. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
3. ^ Peake's commentary on the bible
4. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
5. ^ ibid
6. ^ ibid
7. ^ ibid
8. ^ Genesis 46:11
9. ^ Exodus 6:16-20
10. ^ New American Bible, footnote to Exodus 6:20
11. ^ Numbers Rabbah 3:12
12. ^ Jubilees 34:20
13. ^ Testament of Levi 11
14. ^ Richard Elliott Friedman, Who Wrote The Bible?
15. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
16. ^ Exodus 2:1-2
17. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
18. ^ Richard Elliott Friedman, Who wrote the Bible
19. ^ Deuteronomy 33:8-10
20. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
21. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Asenath
22. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Levi
23. ^ Malachi 2:4-6
24. ^ This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
25. ^ Jubilees 31:12-17
26. ^ Jubilees 45:16
27. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, Book of Jubilees
28. ^ Genesis 34
29. ^ Genesis 34:30-31
30. ^ Genesis 49:-7
31. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
32. ^ Richard Elliott Friedman, Who wrote the Bible?
33. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
34. ^ Peake's commentary on the bible

In 1970, the New American Bible (NAB) was first published. ... Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. ... Richard Elliot Friedman is a writer and Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at UCSD. He is also Katzin Professor of Jewish Civilization: Hebrew Bible; Near Eastern Languages and Literatures. ... Richard Elliot Friedman is a writer and Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at UCSD. He is also Katzin Professor of Jewish Civilization: Hebrew Bible; Near Eastern Languages and Literatures. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Richard Elliot Friedman is a writer and Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at UCSD. He is also Katzin Professor of Jewish Civilization: Hebrew Bible; Near Eastern Languages and Literatures. ...

External Links

• “The Tribe: The Cohen-Levi Family Heritiage” (cohen-levi.org)