NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Levofloxacin

Levofloxacin is an advanced generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, marketed by Ortho-McNeil under the trade name Levaquin in the United States. In Europe, it is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name Tavanic, in Chile as Gatigol by Alpes Selection, and in Asia it is marketed by Daiichi under the trade name Cravit. Levofloxacin was launched in the Japanese market in 1993, and thus has had more than 13 years of testing in efficiency and safety globally. Chemically, levofloxacin is the S-enantiomer (L-isomer) of ofloxacin, and has approximately twice the potency of ofloxacin. It works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an enzyme that negatively supercoils DNA. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein. ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones form a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics. ... Staphylococcus aureus - Antibiotics test plate. ... Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical is a pharmaceutical manufacturer based in Raritan, New Jersey and formed from the merger of Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation and McNeil Pharmaceutical in 1993. ... Sanofi-aventis (Euronext: SAN, NYSE: SNY), headquartered in Paris, France, is one of the 3 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, along with Pfizer,GlaxoSmithKline. ... Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited ) (TYO: 4568 ) is a joint holding company established in 2005 by Sankyo Co. ... In chemistry, enantiomers are stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of chemical bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently (analogous to a chemical anagram). ... Ofloxacin sold under the brand name Floxin in the US. It is a quinolone antibiotic. ... Topoisomerases (Type I: EC 5. ...

Levofloxacin is effective against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Because of its broad spectrum of action, levofloxacin is frequently prescribed empirically for a wide range of infections (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection) before the specific causal organism is known. If the causal organism is identified, levofloxacin may be discontinued and the patient may be switched to an antibiotic with a narrower spectrum of activity. Levofloxacin is currently the only respiratory fluoroquinolone approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining, in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which are not affected by the stain. ... Bacteria that are Gram-negative are not stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the alveoli (microscopic air-filled sacs of the lung responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere) become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ... A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. ... Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or Nosocomial pneumonia refers to any pneumonia contracted within 48-72 hours of being admitted in hospital. ...

Susceptible organisms

Gram-positive bacteria

Enterococci, traditionally viewed as Gram-positive commensal bacteria inhabiting the alimentary canals of humans and animals, are now acknowledged to be organisms capable of causing life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment. ... Binomial name Rosenbach 1884 Staphylococcus aureus , (literally Golden Cluster Seed) the most common cause of staph infections, is a spherical bacterium, frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a person, that can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis... Methicillin (USAN) or meticillin (INN, BAN) is a narrow spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. ... Binomial name Staphylococcus epidermidis (Winslow & Winslow 1908) Evans 1916 Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters. ... Methicillin (USAN) or meticillin (INN, BAN) is a narrow spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. ... Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a coagulase-negative species of Staphylococcus which is often implicated in urinary tract infection. ... Binomial name Streptococcus pneumoniae (Klein 1884) Chester 1901 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a species of Streptococcus that is a major human pathogen. ... Binomial name Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach 1884 Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive coccus that grows in long chains depending on the culture method. ...

Gram-negative bacteria

Binomial name (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960 Subspecies subsp. ... Binomial name Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter 1886) Trevisan 1887 Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines. ... Binomial name Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900 Synonyms Bacterium aeruginosum Schroeter 1872 Bacterium aeruginosum Cohn 1872 Micrococcus pyocyaneus Zopf 1884 Bacillus aeruginosus (Schroeter 1872) Trevisan 1885 Bacillus pyocyaneus (Zopf 1884) FlÃ¼gge 1886 Pseudomonas pyocyanea (Zopf 1884) Migula 1895 Bacterium pyocyaneum (Zopf 1884) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Pseudomonas polycolor... E. coli redirects here. ... Binomial name Legionella pneumophila Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, McDade JE 1979 Legionella pneumophila is a thin, pleomorphic, flagellated Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella. ... Binomial name Serratia marcescens Bizio 1823 Serratia marcescens is a Gram negative bacterium, a human pathogen of the family Enterobacteriaceae. ... Binomial name Haemophilus influenzae (Lehmann & Neumann 1896) Winslow 1917 Haemophilus influenzae, formerly called Pfeiffers bacillus or Bacillus influenzae, is a non-motile Gram-negative coccobacillus first described in 1892 by Dr. Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. ... Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus. ... Binomial name Proteus mirabilis Hauser 1885 Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. ... Species C. fetus C. jejuni Campylobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ...

Other

Categories: Organofluorides | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics Binomial name Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae is a obligate intracellular bacterium. ... Binomial name Mycoplasma pneumoniae Somerson et al. ... Peptostreptococci, anaerobic streptococci, are Gram-positive cocci, a type of bacteria. ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones form a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones form a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics. ... Ciprofloxacin is the generic international name for the synthetic antibiotic manufactured and sold by Bayer Pharmaceutical under the brand names Cipro and Ciproxin (and other brand names in other markets, e. ... Enoxacin (Enroxil, Penetrex) is an oral broad-spectrum quinoline antibacterial agent used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. ... Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. Bristol-Myers Squibb introduced Gatifloxacin in 1999 under the proprietary name Tequin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, having licensed the medication from Kyorin Pharmaceutical... Gemifloxacin mesylate (trade name FactiveÂ®, Oscient Pharmaceuticals) is an oral broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. ... Grepafloxacin hydrochloride (marketed as Raxar by Glaxo Wellcome) is an oral broad-spectrum quinoline antibacterial agent used to treat bacterial infections. ... Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (Maxaquin) is a quinolone antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. ... Moxifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic agent. ... Norfloxacin is an oral broad-spectrum quinoline antibacterial agent used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. ... Ofloxacin sold under the brand name Floxin in the US. It is a quinolone antibiotic. ... Pefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. ... Sparfloxacin (spar FLOX a sin), trade names ZagamÂ® and Zagam Respipac, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. ... Temafloxacin (marketed by Abbott Laboratories as Omniflox), is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug which was withdrawn from sale in the U.S. shortly after its approval in 1992 because of serious adverse reactions resulting in three deaths. ... Trovafloxacin (sold as Trovan by Pfizer) is a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits DNA supercoiling in various bacteria by blocking the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV [1]. It is not used widely due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. ... Sitafloxacin (also called DU-6859a) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that shows promise in treatment of Buruli ulcer. ... Cinoxacin is a quinolone antibiotic used primarily to treat urinary tract infections. ... Nalidixic acid is the basis for quinolone antibiotics. ...

Contents

Susceptible organisms GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria

Other

Susceptible organisms