Lewis Paul (d. 1759) was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame got spinning cotton in a cotton mill. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ... 1759 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The water frame is an extension of the spinning frame; both of which are credited to Richard Arkwright. ... Spinning refers to several activities: For the fabrication of thread, see Spinning (textiles). ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

His life

Lewis Paul was of Huguenot descent. His father was physician to Lord Shaftesbury. He may have begun work on designing a spinning machine for cotton as early as 1729, but probably did not make practical progress until after 1732 when he met John Wyatt, a carpenter then working in Birmingham for a gun barrel forger. Wyatt had designed a machine, probably for cutting files, in which Paul took an interest. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ... The Doctor by Luke Fildes This article is about the term physician, one type of doctor; for other uses of the word doctor see Doctor. ... The title of Earl of Shaftesbury was created in 1672 for Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Baron Ashley, a prominent politician in the Cabal then dominating the policies of King Charles II. Earls of Shaftesbury (1672) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683) Anthony Ashley Cooper, 2nd Earl of... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... John Wyatt (? – 1766), an English inventor, was born near Lichfield and was related to Sarah Ford, Doctor Johnsons mother. ... unga bunga This article is about the English city. ...

Roller spinning was certainly Paul's idea, and Wyatt built a machine (or model) for him. Paul obtained a patent for this on 24 June 1738. He then set about trying to license his machine, though some licenses were granted in satisfaction of debts. In 1741, he set up a machine powered by two asses in the Upper Priory in Birmingham, near his house in Old Square. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an invention. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... Events February 4 - Court Jew Joseph Suss Oppenheimer is executed in Württenberg April 15 - Premiere in London of Serse, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel. ... // Events April 10 - Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz August 10 - Raja of Travancore defeats Dutch East India Company naval expedition at Battle of Colachel December 19 - Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 - Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius... Binomial name Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758 For other uses, see Donkey (disambiguation). ...

Mills using his patent

Edward Cave, a publisher, obtained a licence and set up machines in a warehouse in London. In 1742, he acquired Marvells Mill on the River Nene at Northampton. He rebuilt the mill to hold four or five water-powered spinning machines, each with 50 spindles. This was thus the first cotton mill. Cave died on 10 January 1754, so that the mill passed to his brother William and his nephew Paul. Samuel Touchet, a London merchant had the mill until 1755, but made no profit. It may then have been let to Lewis Paul, but he died in 1759. The Caves forfeited the lease for non-payment of rent in March 1761 and advertised the mill to let in November 1761. By 1768, the mill had reverted to being a corn mill. Edward Cave (1691-1754) was a printer, editor and publisher. ... A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... The River Nene is a river in the east of England. ... Northampton Guildhall, built 1861-4, E.W. Godwin, architect Northampton is a large market town and a local government district in central England on the River Nene, and the county town of Northamptonshire, in the English East Midlands region. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Gristmill with water wheel, Skyline Drive, VA, 1938 A gristmill is a building where grain is ground into flour. ...

Another mill that operated under Paul's patent was at Leominster. This was built in 1744 by John Bourn in partnership with Henry Morris of Lancashire. Unfortunately, this mill burnt down in November 1754. Statistics Population: 11,000 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: SO496591 Administration District: Herefordshire Region: West Midlands Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Herefordshire Historic county: Herefordshire Services Police force: West Mercia Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: {{{Ambulance}}} Post office and telephone Post town: LEOMINSTER Postal district... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud Prague occupied by Prussian armies Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President... Lancashire is a county in North West England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Carding machines

In 1748, Daniel Bourn and Lewis Paul separately obtained patents for carding machines, which were presumably used in the Leominster and Northampton mills respectively. This carding technology of Lewis Paul and Daniel Bourn seems to be the basis of later carding machines. Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... Carding Llama hair Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed fibers to prepare them as textiles. ...

His achievement

The principle of his rolling spinning process was perfected by Richard Arkwright (with the assistance of others). Paul's machine seems only to have been modestly profitably, and it is not clear to what extent his work is reflected in Arkwright's much more successful machine, the water frame, patented in 1769. Like Paul and Bourn, Arkwright subsequently added a carding stage to his machinery, but his use of this as a means of continuing his patent rights beyond the expiry of his original patent failed, because the improvement was not his invention. Richard Arkwright Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an Englishman credited with the spinning frame — later renamed the water frame following the transition to water power. ... The water frame is an extension of the spinning frame; both of which are credited to Richard Arkwright. ... 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• A. P. Wadsworth and J. de L. Mann, The Cotton Industry and Industrial Lancashire (Manchester University Press 1931), 419-448.
• D. L. Bates, 'Cotton-spinning in Northampton: Edward Cave's Mill' Nortamptonshire Past and Present IX(3) (1996), 237-51.
• W. English, The Textile Industry (Longmans, London 1931), 80-2.