In chemistry, a Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. The Lewis acid and Lewis base theory is one of several acid-base reaction theories, therefore the term acid is ambiguous; it should always be clarified as being a Lewis acid (only) or a Brønsted-Lowry acid. Chemistry (in Greek: χημεία) is the bumsex of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and dave saer is gay of substances and with the transformations that they undergo. ... Properties The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle which carries a negative electric charge. ... A coordinate covalent bond (also known as dative covalent bond) is a special type of covalent bond in which the shared electrons come from one of the atoms only. ... A chemist is a scientist who specializes in chemistry. ... Lewis in the Berkeley Lab Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23, 1875-March 23, 1946) was a famous American physical chemist. ... A Lewis base is any molecule or ion that can form a new covalent bond by donating a pair of electrons. ... An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base. ... In chemistry, the Brønsted-Lowry system defines acids and alkalis. ...

An electrophile or electron acceptor is a Lewis acid. A Lewis acid usually has a low-energy LUMO, which interacts with the HOMO of the Lewis base. Unlike a Brønsted-Lowry acid, which always transfers a hydrogen ion (H⁺), a Lewis acid can be any electrophile (including H⁺). Although all Brønsted-Lowry acids are Lewis acids, in common usage the term Lewis acid is often reserved for those Lewis acids which are not Brønsted-Lowry acids. In chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a reagent attracted to electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. ... HOMO and LUMO are acronyms for Highest Occupied Molecular Orbitals and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals respectively. ... -1... A Brønsted-Lowry acid (sometimes shortened to Brønsted acid) is an acid that donates a hydrogen ion to another compound, called a Brønsted-Lowry base. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ...

The reactivity of Lewis acids can be judged from the Hard-Soft Acid-Base concept. There is no universally valid description of Lewis acid strength, because Lewis acid strength depends on the specific Lewis base. Christe and Dixon^[1] have predicted Lewis acid strength based on a computational model of gas-phase affinity for fluoride, and out of a selection of common isolable Lewis acids they found that SbF₅ had the strongest fluoride affinity. Fluoride is a "hard" Lewis base; chloride and "softer" Lewis bases are very difficult to study because of limitations of the computational methods, and Lewis acidity in solution suffers from the same restriction.^[2] The HSAB concept, also known as HSAB theory, is widely used in chemistry for explaining stability of compounds, reaction paths etc. ... A fluoride ion is the ionic form of fluorine. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (the solutes) dissolved in another substance (the solvent). ...

Some common Lewis acids include aluminium chloride, iron(III) chloride, boron trifluoride, niobium pentachloride and ytterbium(III) triflate. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is a compound of aluminium and chlorine. ... Iron(III) chloride, generically called ferric chloride, is an iron-based salt of chemical formula FeCl3. ... Boron trifluoride (BF3, trifluoroborane) is a pungent colourless toxic gas. ... Niobium pentachloride or Niobium(V) chloride is the chloride of niobium and yellow fine crystalline powder. ...

References

^  K. O. Christe, D. A. Dixon, D. McLemore, W. W. Wilson, J. A. Sheehy and J. A. Boatz, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 2000, 101, 151-153. ^  Discussions involving Christe and Dixon (Ref. 1) at the ACS 16th Winter Fluorine Conference, St. Pete Beach, Florida, January 12-17, 2003. The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. ... St. ...