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Encyclopedia > Leyden scale
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The Leyden temperature scale could plausibly have been introduced around 1894, when Heike Kamerlingh Onnes' cryogenic laboratory was established in Leyden, Netherlands. The symbol is probably °L. Image File history File links Circle-question. ... // Look up scale in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (September 21, 1853 – February 21, 1926) was a Dutch physicist. ... Cryogenics is a branch of physics (or engineering) that studies very low temperatures or the production thereof. ... Leiden (in English also, but now rarely, Leyden) is a city and municipality in South Holland, The Netherlands. ...


The scale is supposed to be the kelvin scale shifted so that the boiling points of hydrogen and oxygen become zero and 70 respectively. As it turns out, oxygen under a standard atmosphere boils at a temperature in the 90.15 to 90.18 K range. For hydrogen, it depends on the molecular variety. The boiling point is 20.390 K for "normal" hydrogen (made up of 75% orthohydrogen and 25% parahydrogen) and 20.268 K for pure parahydrogen. If one supposes that absolute zero is at -20.15 °L, the purported definition is satisfied and, as a bonus, the shift between the Leyden, Kelvin and Celsius scales is a whole number in each case. The kelvin (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... Atmospheric pressure is the pressure caused by the weight of air above any area in the Earths atmosphere. ... Orthohydrogen and Parahydrogen An hydrogen molecule is made up of two atoms of hydrogen linked by a covalent bond. ... Orthohydrogen and Parahydrogen An hydrogen molecule is made up of two atoms of hydrogen linked by a covalent bond. ... Absolute zero is a fundamental lower bound on the temperature of any macroscopic system. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. ... A degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ...


External links

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Temperature scales
Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin
Delisle Leyden Newton Rankine Réaumur Rømer
Conversion formulas

  Results from FactBites:
 
Straight Dope Staff Report: Why do we have so many temperature scales? (1866 words)
To "fix" a temperature scale it's necessary to identify easily reproducible reference points, or "fiduciary points." Newton chose the temperature of melting snow and the temperature of boiling water, and marked off the interval into 33 or 34 "degrees," each corresponding to a certain height of oil in the tube.
This scale was officially adopted throughout Europe except for Britain and Scandinavia, but beginning with the adoption of the centigrade scale by the French revolutionary government in 1794 it gradually declined in popularity, finally falling into disuse sometime in the 20th century.
The scale of Joseph DeLisle (modified by Weitbrecht in 1738) was an inverse scale, with the boiling point of water set at 0 and the freezing point at 150 degrees.
Electrometer - LoveToKnow 1911 (2728 words)
A weight is put in the opposite scale pan and a measured charge of electricity is given to the disk C just sufficient to tip over the balance.
The formula indicates that the sensibility of the instrument should increase with the charge of the Leyden jar or needle, whereas Hopkinson found that as the potential of the needle was increased by working the replenisher of the jar, the deflection due to three volts difference between the quadrants first increased and then diminished.
Finally, these observers traced the variation to the fact that the wire supporting the aluminium needle as well as the wire which connects the needle with the sulphuric acid in the Leyden jar in the White pattern of Leyden jar is enclosed in a metallic guard tube to screen the wire from external action.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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