Li Houzhu (李後主; pinyin: lǐ hòu zhǔ) (936 or 937 - 978) was a Chinese poet and the last ruler of the Southern Tang Kingdom from 961 to 975 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period; he has been called the "first true master" of the ci form (Indiana Companion p. 555). His given name was Li Yu (李煜; pinyin: lǐ yù). Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; Hanyu Pinyin: , lit. ... Events King Taejo of Goryeo (Wanggeon) defeats Hubaekje. ... Events Athelstan wins the Battle of Brunanburh September 21 - Magdeburg is now the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, after a Diet held by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Births Duke William IV of Aquitaine (d. ... Events Badìa Fiorentina, an abbey in Italy, is founded by Willa, Margravine of Tuscany. ... Poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in the Chinese language. ... Southern Tang (also refered to as Nantang) was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created following the Tang Dynasty from 937-976. ... Events Byzantine Empire recaptures Crete from Muslim control Ani made the capital of Armenia by the Bagratid dynasty Haakon I of Norway squashed the rebelling forces of Eric Bloodaxes sons but was killed in the Battle of Fitje. ... Events Coronation of King Edward the Martyr Births Deaths July 8 Edgar of England Categories: 975 ... Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: 五代十國 Simplified Chinese: 五代十国 Hanyu pinyin: WÇ”dàishíguó) (907-960) was a period of political upheaval in China, between the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. ... Ci poetry (詞, interchangeable with 辭 pinyin cí) is a kind of lyric Chinese poetry. ...

Li ascended the throne in 962, and immediately accepted a role subservient to the Song Dynasty to the north. He devoted much of his time to pleasure-making and literature, and this is reflected in his early poems. Events February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. ... Alternative meaning: Song Dynasty (420-479) The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...

However, his best-known poems were composed during the years after the Song formally ended his reign in 975 and brought him back as a captive to the Song capital, Bianjing (now Kaifeng). He was created the Marquess of Wei Ming (Chinese: 違命侯; literally, the Marquess of Disobeyed Edicts). Li's works from this period dwell on his regret for the lost kingdom and the pleasures it had brought him. He was poisoned by the Song emperor Taizong in 978, after he had written a poem that, in a veiled manner, lamented the destruction of his empire and the rape of his second wife Empress Zhou the Lesser by the Song emperor. After his death, he was posthumously created the Prince of Wu (吳王). Events Coronation of King Edward the Martyr Births Deaths July 8 Edgar of England Categories: 975 ... Kaifeng (Simplified Chinese: 开封; Traditional Chinese: 開封; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kai-feng), formerly known as Bianliang (汴梁), is a prefecture-level city in eastern Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Taizong (太宗 lit. ...

He developed the ci by broadening its scope from love to history and philosophy, particularly in his later works. He also introduced the two stanza form, and made great use of contrasts between longer lines of nine characters and shorter ones of three and five. Only 45 of his poems survive, 37 of which have been verified to be his authentic works, the other of which maybe are composed by other writers. CI can mean: Cayman Islands Certificate of Identity of colonial Hong Kong certificate of insurance Chile, FIPS Pub 10-4 and obsolete NATO digram China Airlines, the IATA airline designator Christmas Island, an external territory of Australia Cocos Island, off the Republic of Costa Rica Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an external... A cartoonish version of the heart, a frequent modern symbol of love. ... For other senses of this word, see history (disambiguation). ... Philosopher in Meditation (detail), by Rembrandt Philosophy is a field of study that includes diverse subfields such as aesthetics, epistemology, ethics, logic, and metaphysics, in which people ask questions such as whether God exists, whether knowledge is possible, and what makes actions right or wrong. ... In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. ...

His story remains very popular in many Cantonese operas. Cantonese opera (粵劇, pinyin: Yuèjù, yuet kek or 神功戲) is one of the major Chinese opera categories, originating in southern Chinas Cantonese culture. ...

Further reading

• Nienhauser, William H (ed.). The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature. Indiana University Press 1986. ISBN 0253329833

External link

• Sinorama.com