Lǐ Lìsān (李立三, Wade-Giles: Li Li-san) (March 1899 - June 22, 1967) was a Chinese communist leader in early stage, the actual paramount leader of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1930. Image File history File links Li_lisan1. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Communist Party of China flag The Communist Party of China (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; pinyin: Zhōnggu ngchǎndǎng) is the ruling party of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Li was born in Liling Hunan province in China in 1899, with the real name of Li Rongzhi. As his father being a Chinese traditional teacher, Li learned lots of Chinese traditional poems and classics from his father. In 1915 he came to Changsha for high school and saw the advertisement for friends in newspaper, which was written by a student from First Normal School of Changsha with the pen name 28 Strokes. Li came to meet this guy and then became acquainted with this young man with real name Mao Zedong. Later Li joined the army of local warlord in Hunan. One of the Division Commander, Cheng Qian（程潜 in Chinese） who was both Li's father's townee and alumni, sponsoring Li to study in Beijing. Hunan (Chinese: 湖南; pinyin: ) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. ... Changsha (Simplified Chinese: 长沙; Traditional Chinese: 長沙; pinyin: Ch ng shā; Wade-Giles: Chang-sha) is the capital of Hunan, a province of Southcentral China, located on the lower reaches of Xiangjiang river, a branch of Chang Jiang. ... â–¶(?) (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976; Mao Tse-tung in Wade-Giles) was the chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1943 and the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death. ... Hunan (Chinese: 湖南; pinyin: ) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. ... â–¶(?) (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pei-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Peking) is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

When Li reached Beijing, he applied for study in France and arrived in France in 1920. He worked part time as founder for boiler to earn his tuition. His master was a member of Communist Party, under whose influence Li became to accept Communism and took part in activities struggling for Chinese labor rights in France. For his active and intrepid way of revolution work, Li was labelled as a Tank. In 1921, Li was expelled back to China with more than 100 Chinese by French authority. Li still showed his distinction from others by throwing the chessboard into the sea when he lost the chess play with others during the voyage. In modern usage, a communist party is a political party which promotes communism, a sociopolitical philosophy based on the particular interpretation of Marxism put forth by Vladimir Lenin. ... Communism refers to a theoretical system of social organization and a political movement based on common ownership of the means of production. ...

When Li came back to Shanghai, he was introduced by Chen Duxiu to join the CPC. Then the party arranged him to organize the labor activities in Anyuan Coal Mine. Being the most important labor work leader there, Li greatly developed CPC members and perfected organization. At the end of 1924, there were only 900 CPC members throughout China, 300 of which came from Anyuan Coal Mine. It was at time Li showed his great talent in labor work and organization, together with Liu Shaoqi, who came later as his deputy. Shanghai (Chinese: 上海; pinyin: ; Shanghainese IPA: ; Lumazi: Zanhe) , situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is Chinas largest city. ... Chen Duxiu (October 8, 1879 - May 27, 1942) played many different roles in Chinese history. ... Liu Shaoqi Liu Shaoqi (Simplified Chinese: 刘少奇 Traditional Chinese: 劉少奇 pinyin: Liú Shàoqí; Wade-Giles: Liu Shao-chi) (November 24, 1898 – November 12, 1969) was a leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Peoples Republic of China. ...

In 1926 Li came to Wuhan, the labor work center of China to lead the lobor work.Although Xiang Zhongfa who later became general secretary of CPC,was paramount leader at that time, Li was the man who made the decision in fact.In 1927 after the split of Kuomintang-CPC alliance,Li was the first one propose the Nanchang Uprising against KMT, and took the job as director of security guard. Though this uprising was proved to be a imprudent and planless commotion and its failure was unavoidable,Li was put into the central stage of CPC for his prominence in labor work and his courage under fire. Location within China Modern and ancient Wuhan (Simplified Chinese: 武汉; Traditional Chinese: 武漢; pinyin: ) is the capital of Hubei province, and is the largest and most populated city in central China. ... Xiang Zhongfa Xiang Zhongfa (向忠发 in Chinese) (1880 - 1931), one of the senior leaders of Communist Party of China in early stage, with whom later being the only General Secretary of CPC came from a blue worker, and then arrested and defected to Kuomintang made his life quite... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional: 中國國民黨; Simplified: 中国国民党; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang; Tongyong Pinyin: Jhongguo Guomindang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a conservative political party currently active in the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. ... The Nanchang Uprising (南昌起义) (August 1, 1927) was the first major Kuomintang-Communist engagement of the Chinese Civil War. ...

In the 6th National Congress of CPC held in Moscow, Li 's old friend Xiang was elected as General Secretary with the support from Comintern and Soviet Union.During the reign of Xiang, Li Lisan played an important role gradually. When Xiang sacked Cai Hesen, the incumbent standing member of Politburo of CPC and Minister of Propaganda Department of CPC for Cai's extremism way in the direction of Sunzi Division of CPC which resulted in extreme democracy and discontent over CPC center. Xiang chose Li to replace Cai, who became one of the only 4 standing members of politburo and minister of Propaganda Department of CPC in Oct 1928.When the Far East Bureau of Comintern issued order for anti-rightism and blaming CPC for not being active in this way in 1929,Xiang protested against this decision and he knew Li was an appropriate candidate for doing the communication work for his being eloquent and energetic. Thus Li took the job of handling with conflicts with Comintern. When Xiang sent Zhou Enlai to Moscow for further explanation, Li took Zhou’s charge in organization too, which gave Li a large enough stage to prove his talent. Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: â–¶(?)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... The Comintern (from Russian Коммунистический Интернационал (Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional) – Communist International), also known as the Third International, was an independent international Communist organization founded in March 1919 by Lenin, Trotsky and the Russian Communist Party (bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ...

When Xiang knew the Comintern’s decision on anti-rightism, he claimed that Chinese revolution was in the peak period. Li turned this blindness into extremism, which was late known as Lisan Route, calling for armed uprising in the cities and extension of revolution to whole country. From June 1930, Lisan Route was mature under the support from Xiang. CPC gave up the daily operation from its headquarter to divisions in all provinces, setting up action committee in all provinces , and preparing for the full-scale uprising in Oct. But Comintern expressed its discontent by stating that it was working out systemic policies for Chinese revolution, CPC should concentrate on the uprising in one or several provinces instead. Xiang stood by Li to refute that it was zero hour of Chinese revolution. In several rounds of discussion, the tension between Xiang, Li and Conintern rose greatly. The suspicion and criticism of CPC towards Comintern was the same as betrayal in the eyes of Comintern.

With the extremism and blindness of Lisan Route, CPC did suffered great loss. In July 1930, the communist army under the leadership of Li Lisan captured Changsha in Hunan province, but KMT troops defeated his forces just a few days later. And the uprising in other cities were put down by KMT forces quickly too.Furthermore, Li had turn many CPC members into his enemies for his authoritarian style. among which were old CPC members such as labor activists He Mengxiong, Luo Zhanglong who were blamed for their rightism only for their being against LI's extremism; and Wang Ming and his group of 28 Bolsheviks who came back from Moscow and designated to take the leadership of CPC by their mentors in Moscow but only received cold shoulder from Li. This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... The Twenty Eight Bolsheviks were a group of Chinese students who studied at the Moscow Sun Yat-Sen University in during the late 1920s until early 1935. ...

With so many opponents both inside and outside CPC ,Li's doom was destined.Comintern sent Qu Qiubai and Zhou Enlai back to China to enforce its policy. And the 28 Bolsheviks took the advantage of this opportunity to denounce Li. Xiang and Li still didn’t realize the clear and present danger and criticized these young immature students heavily. Then Comintern sent a telegram to call Li to Moscow for repentance. Pavel Mif ,president of Moscow Sun Yat-sen University and mentor of 28 Bolsheviks,went to Shanghai as an envoy of Comintern too. Under Mif’s direction, the 4th Plenary Meeting of 6th National Congress of CPC was held, Li was replaced by Mif’s protégé Wang Ming, and his associates in28 Bolsheviks took other important jobs. Qu Qiubai (瞿秋白) (1899 - June 18, 1935) was a leader of the Chinese Communist Party in the late 1920s and important Chinese Marxist writer and thinker. ... Zhou Enlai (Simplified Chinese: 周恩来; Traditional Chinese: 周恩來; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou En-lai) (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), a prominent Chinese Communist leader, was Premier of the Peoples Republic of China from 1949 until his death. ... Moscow Sun Yat-sen University(莫斯科中山大学 in Chinese) was a famous training camp of Chinese revolutionists both from Communist Party of China and Kuomintang in the 1920’s and had deep influence in the Chinese modern history. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ...

Li went to Moscow for his repentance and confession. But he would never know it was such a long time redemption. In the next 15 years Li suffered from rounds of reprimand, criticism and purge.The Communist Party of Soviet Union even refuse to accept LI as a CP member for several years. Moreover, when Wang Ming and Kang Sheng came back to Moscow as representatives of CPC to Comintern, they persecuted Li by all means.The only comfort was it was in Soviet Union Li met his Russian wife who lived with him for the rest of his life. Kang Sheng (Chinese: 康生) (1898–December 16, 1975), Chinese Communist Party (CCP) official, was the head of the Peoples Republic of Chinas security and intelligence apparatus at various points until his death, and was subsequently accused along with the Gang of Four of being responsible for persecutions during the...

On the contrary, Li's old friend Mao did't forget about him. Li was elected as member of Central Committee of CPC in the 7th National Congress of CPC held in Yanan.In 1946, Li was sent back to China like a bird flying out of cage.Li firstly came toManchuria and work for the local division of CPC as Minister of City Work Department. During the brink of outbreak of Chinese Civil War, Li was appointed as chief representative of CPC part of military arbitration panel consisting of members from KMT and USA too. Yanan (延安, pinyin Yánān, or Yen-an in Wade-Giles), is a city in Shaanxi province, China. ... Extent of Manchuria according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; pinyin: ) is name given to a vast territorial region in northeast Asia. ... The Chinese Civil War (Traditional Chinese: 國共内戰; Simplified Chinese: 国共内战; pinyin: ; literally Nationalist-Communist Civil War) was a conflict in China between the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party; KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC). ...

After the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1949, Li went back to the field which he was most expert in. Li was appointed as Minister of Labor to lead labor union.Li dedicated to his old cause and brought forward some guidances on democractic management measures in industry which was later called by Mao as Constitution of Anshan Steel Mill.

But with the Chinese-Soviet Union split in 1960's, Li 's life turned tougher and tougher again. Although his Russian wife handed in her Russian passport and joined the Chinese nationality to show her loyalty to her husband and his country, there was still no way to eave the situation.Especially when the Cultural Revolution came, Kang Sheng spared no effort to denounce his old rival. Li was labelled as Agent of Soviet Union and was tortured by Red Guards from time to time both mentally and bodily.Unable to face this humiliation any more, Li committed suicide by eating sleeping potions after he finished his posthumous writing to Mao. A poster during the Cultural Revolution. ... Red Guards referred to socialist or communist militia formed to instigate, support or defend revolutions. ...