For other people named Liam Lynch see Liam Lynch Image File history File links Liam_Lynch. ... Liam Lynch is the name of more than one person of note. ...

Liam Lynch (9 November 1893 - 10 April 1923) was an IRA officer in the Irish War of Independence and the commanding general of the anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army during the Irish Civil War. November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The West Cork Flying Column during the War of Independence. ... Combatants Irish Republican Army United Kingdom Strength 15,000 British Army c. ... Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, the Irish Republican Army in the 26 counties that were to become the Irish Free State split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty. ... Combatants Irish Republican Army (part) Irish National Army Commanders Liam Lynch Frank Aiken Michael Collins Richard Mulcahy Strength c. ...

Early life

Lynch was born in the townland of Barnagurraha, Limerick, near Mitchelstown, Cork, to Jeremiah and Mary Kelly Lynch. During his first 12 years of schooling he attended Anglesboro School. Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Limerick Code: LK Area: 2,686 km² Population (2006) 183,863 (including Limerick City); 131,303 (without Limerick City) Website: www. ... Mitchelstown (Baile Mhistéala in Irish) is an agricultural based town in northeast Cork. ... Statistics Province: Munster County Town: Cork Code: C (CK proposed) Area: 7,457 km² Population (2002) 447,829 Website: www. ...

In 1910, at the age of 17, he started an apprenticeship in O'Neill’s hardware trade in Mitchelstown, where he joined the Gaelic League and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Later he worked at Barry's Timber Merchants in Fermoy. In the aftermath of the 1916 Easter Rising, he witnessed the shooting and arrest of David and Richard Kent of Bawnard House by the Royal Irish Constabulary. 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Conradh na Gaeilge (The Gaelic League) is an organization for the purpose of keeping the Irish language spoken in Ireland. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Fermoy (Mainistir Fhear Maigh in Irish) in County Cork, Republic of Ireland is a town of some 4,800 inhabitants, environs included (2002 census), situated on the River Blackwater in the south of Ireland. ... Combatants Irish Volunteers, Irish Citizen Army, Irish Republican Brotherhood British Army Dublin Metropolitan Police Royal Irish Constabulary Commanders Pádraig Pearse, James Connolly General Sir John Maxwell Strength 1250 in Dublin, c. ... The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) was one of Irelands two police forces in the early twentieth century, alongside the Dublin Metropolitan Police. ...

War of Independence

He reorganised the Cork Irish Volunteers - the paramilitary organisation that became the Irish Republican Army - in 1919, becoming commandant of the Cork No. 2 Brigade of the IRA during the guerrilla Anglo-Irish War. Lynch helped capture a senior British officer, General Lucas, in June 1920, shooting dead a Colonel Danford in the incident. Lucas later escaped while being held by IRA men in Clare. Lynch was captured, together with the other officers of the Cork No. 2 Brigade, in a British raid on Cork City Hall in August 1920. Terence McSwiney, Mayor of Cork, was among those captured - he later died on hunger strike in protest at his detention. Lynch, however, gave a false name and was released three days later. In the meantime, the British had assassinated two other innocent men named Lynch, whom they had confused with him. Irish Volunteers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The West Cork Flying Column during the War of Independence. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... An Irish War of Independence memorial in Dublin The Anglo-Irish War (also known as the Irish War of Independence) was a guerrilla campaign mounted against the British government in Ireland by the Irish Republican Army under the proclaimed legitimacy of the First Dáil, the extra-legal Irish parliament... Clare can refer to: Places County Clare, one of the 32 counties of Ireland. ... Terence MacSwiney Terence Joseph MacSwiney (pronounced MacSweeney; Irish name: Traolach Mac Suibhne) (1879 - October 25, 1920) was born in Cork City, County Cork Ireland. ... A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest or to achieve a goal such as a policy change. ...

In September 1920, Lynch, along with Ernie O'Malley, commanded a force that took the British Army barracks at Mallow. The arms in the barracks were seized and the building partially burnt. Before the end of 1920, Lynch's brigade had successfully ambushed British troops on two other occasions. Lynch's guerrilla campaign continued into early 1921, with some successes such as the ambush and killing of 13 British soldiers near Millstreet. On the other hand reverses occurred, such as the loss of 8 Volunteers killed, 2 more executed and 8 captured at a failed ambush at Mourne Abbey and a disastrous ambush of a train at Upton which led to the killing or capture of 10 more IRA men. Ernie OMalley (1897-1957) was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland. ... Mallow is the common name of several closely related genera of plant in the family Malvaceae: Althaea – Marsh mallow Callirhoe – Poppy mallow Kosteletzkya – Seashore mallow Lavatera – Tree mallow or rose mallow Malacothamnus – Santa Cruz Island bush-mallow Malva – Mallow Malvaviscus – Turks cap mallow Sidalcea – Greek mallow Sphaeralcea – Globemallow Plants... Millstreet (Sráid an Mhuilinn in Irish) is a town in west County Cork, Ireland with a population of approximately 1,500. ... Mourneabbey (in Gaelic MAinstir Na Morna) is a small parish just south of Mallow, County Cork on the main Mallow Cork Road and Rail Line. ...

In April 1921, the Irish Republican Army was re-organised into divisions based on regions. Lynch's reputation was such that he was made commander of the 1st Southern Division. From April 1921 until the Truce that ended the war in July 1921, Lynch's command was put under increasing pressure by the deployment of more British troops into the area and the British use of small mobile units to counter IRA guerrilla tactics. Lynch was no longer in command of the Cork No. 2 Brigade as he had to travel in secret to each of the nine IRA Brigades in Munster. By the time of the Truce, the IRA under Liam Lynch were increasingly hard pressed and short of arms and ammunition. Lynch therefore welcomed the Truce as a respite; however, he expected the war to continue after it ended. The West Cork Flying Column during the War of Independence. ... Statistics Area: 24,607. ...

The Treaty

The war was ended for good with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty between the Irish negotiating team under Michael Collins and the British government in December 1921. Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ... Michael John Collins (Irish: Mícheál Eoin Ó Coileáin; 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary leader, served as Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, as Director of Intelligence for the IRA, as a member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations...

Lynch was opposed to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, on the grounds that it disestablished the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1919 in favour of Dominion status for Ireland within the British Empire. He became Chief of Staff in March 1922 of the IRA, much of which was also against the Treaty. Lynch, however, did not want a split in the republican movement and hoped to reach a compromise with those who supported the Treaty ("Free Staters") by the publication of a republican constitution for the new Irish Free State. But the British would not accept this, leading to a bitter split in Irish ranks and ultimately civil war. Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The following is the list of those who have served as Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army in the various incarnations of organisations bearing that name. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) (1922–1937) was the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties that were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and...

Civil War

Although Lynch opposed the seizure of the Four Courts in Dublin by a group of hardline republicans, he joined its garrison in June 1922 when it was attacked by the newly formed Free State Irish Army. This marked the beginning of the Irish Civil War. Lynch was arrested by the Free State forces but was allowed to leave Dublin, on the understandling that he would try and halt the fighting. Instead, he quickly began organising resistance elsewhere. The Four Courts (Na Ceithre Cúirteanna in Irish) in Dublin is the Republic of Irelands main courts building. ... The Irish Army (Irish: Arm na hÉireann) is the main branch of the Irish Defence Forces. ... Combatants Irish Republican Army (part) Irish National Army Commanders Liam Lynch Frank Aiken Michael Collins Richard Mulcahy Strength c. ...

With the capture of Joe McKelvey at the Four Courts, Liam Lynch, resumed the position of Chief-of-Staff of the Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army forces (also called the "Irregulars"), which McKelvey had temporarily taken over. Lynch, who was most familiar with the south, planned to establish a 'Munster Republic' which he believed would frustrate the creation of the Free State. The 'Munster Republic' would be defended by the 'Limerick-Waterford Line'. This consisted of, moving from east to west, the city of Waterford, the towns of Carrick-on-Suir, Clonmel, Fethard, Cashel, Golden, and Tipperary, ending in the city of Limerick, where Lynch established his headquarters. In July, he led its defence but it fell to Free State troops on 20 July 1922. Joe McKelvey (died December 8, 1922) was an Irish Republican Army officer who was executed during the Irish Civil War in 1922. ... The Four Courts (Na Ceithre Cúirteanna in Irish) in Dublin is the Republic of Irelands main courts building. ... The following is the list of those who have served as Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army in the various incarnations of organisations bearing that name. ... Following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1921, the Irish Republican Army in the 26 counties that were to become the Irish Free State split between supporters and opponents of the Treaty. ... The IRA West Cork Flying Column (Anti-Treaty) during the War of Independence. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... Carrick-on-Suir (Irish: Carraig na Siuire) is a town in County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland. ... Clonmel (Cluain Meala in Irish) is a medium-sized town situated in south County Tipperary, Ireland. ... Fethard (Irish: Fiodh Ard) is a town in County Tipperary, Republic of Ireland not far from Cashel, south of the midlands of Ireland. ... Cashel (An Caisleán in Irish, meaning the castle) is a town in County Tipperary, in the southern midlands of Ireland. ... Golden means made of gold, or colored like gold (as in golden paint). ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 52. ...

Lynch retreated further south and set up his new headquarters at Fermoy. The 'Munster Republic', fell in August 1922, when Free State troops landed by sea in Cork and Kerry. Cork city was taken on 8 August and Lynch abandoned Fermoy the next day. The anti-treaty forces then dispersed and pursued guerrilla tactics. Fermoy (Mainistir Fhear Maigh in Irish) in County Cork, Republic of Ireland is a town of some 4,800 inhabitants, environs included (2002 census), situated on the River Blackwater in the south of Ireland. ... The IRA West Cork Flying Column (Anti-Treaty) during the War of Independence. ... At the beginning of the Irish Civil War in June 1922, the newly created Irish Free State government held only the capital city of Dublin. ... Fermoy (Mainistir Fhear Maigh in Irish) in County Cork, Republic of Ireland is a town of some 4,800 inhabitants, environs included (2002 census), situated on the River Blackwater in the south of Ireland. ...

Lynch contributed to the growing bitterness of the war by issuing the "orders of frightfulness" against the Provisional government on 30 November. This General Order sanctioned the killing of Free State TDs and Senators (members of Parliament), as well as ceratin judges and newspaper editors in reprisal for the killing of captured republicans. The first republican prisoners to be executed were four IRA men captured with arms in November 14 1923, followed by the execution of republican leader Erskine Childers on November 17. Lynch then issued his orders, which were acted upon by IRA men, who killed TD Sean Hales and Free state minister Kevin O'Higgins father. In reprisal, the Free State immediatly shot four republican leaders, Rory O'Connor, Liam Mellows, Dick Barret and Joe McKelvey. This led to a cycle of attrocities on both sides, including the Free State execution of 77 republican prisoners. The final phase of the Irish Civil War(October 1922-May 1923) degenerated into a series of atrocities that left a lasting legacy of bitterness in Irish politics. ... Erskine Childers was the name of two Irish leaders of British birth who were key players in 20th century Ireland. ... Sean Hales was an Irish political activist in the early 20th century. ... Kevin Christopher OHiggins (Irish name Caoimhín Críostóir Ó hUiginn; June 7, 1892 – July 10, 1927). ...

Lynch was heavily criticised by some republicans, notably Ernie O'Malley, for his failure to co-ordinate their war effort and for letting the conflict peter out into inconclusive guerrilla warfare. Lynch made unsuccessful efforts to import mountain artillery from Germany in order to turn the tide of the war. In March 1923, the anti-treaty IRA Army Executive met in a remote location in the Glen of Aherlow. Several members of the executive proposed ending the civil war but Lynch opposed them. Lynch narrowly carried a vote to continue the war. Ernie OMalley (1897-1957) was born in Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland. ...

He was shot and killed in a skirmish with Free State troops in the Knockmealdown Mountains in county Tipperary on 10 April 1923. Many historians see his death as the effective end of the civil war, as the new IRA chief of staff Frank Aiken declared a ceasefire on 30 April and on 24 May ordered IRA Volunteers to dump their arms and return to their homes. Knockmealdown Mountains are a mountain range, located on the border of Co Tipperary and Co Waterford. ... County Tipperary (Tiobraid Árann in Irish) is a traditional county in the Republic of Ireland, in the province of Munster. ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Frank Aiken (February 13, 1898 - May 18, 1983) was a senior Irish politician. ...

On 7 April 1935, a sixty-foot high round tower monument was erected on the spot where Lynch is thought to have fallen. April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The round tower at Glendalough, Ireland, is approximately thirty metres tall A round tower was primarily a bell tower, or belfry, as the Irish form of the name cloictheach clearly indicates, and as was proved by George Petrie as long ago as 1845 and never seriously challenged since. ...

Sources

• Michael Hopkinson, Green against Green, the Irish Civil War
• Paul V Walsh, The Irish Civil War 1922-23 -A Study of the Conventional Phase
• Meda Ryan, The Real Chief, Liam Lynch