The Book of the Popes or the Liber Pontificalis is a major source for early medieval history but was also met with intense critical scrutiny. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... A critic (derived from the ancient Greek word krites meaning a judge) is a person who offers a value judgement or an interpretation. ...

The simplest view of the book is as a series of brief biographical entries on the popes up to the late 9th century arranged in chronological order, each consisting of the number of years of service (from which the regnal dates can be deduced), place of birth, parentage, the corresponding emperors, building campaigns (especially of Roman churches), ordinations, major pronouncements, place of burial, and the time of vacancy before the next elected pope was consecrated. However, the process of composition precludes naïve reliance on the book for historical information. Look up book in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This is an article on biographies. ... The pope is the Patriarch of the West and Bishop of Rome, and leader of the Catholic Church. ... This earthenware dish was made in 9th century Iraq. ... An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... A church building (or simply church) is a building used in Christian worship. ... This article is about the sacrament. ...

Because the Liber Pontificalis was produced by minor officials of the papal court the evidence has been sifted for signs of bias, suppression, and falsification, all of which are found in quantity without invalidating the material as a historical source. The entries for the first three centuries are probably most useful to historians as examples of what was known in the 5th century about the early church. From the 4th century forward the compilers are on more secure ground, though there are still obvious discrepancies and mistakes. Textual examination suggests that there were two early versions before the siege of Rome in 546, after which the Liber Pontificalis was untouched. From the early 7th century (roughly the time of the pontificate of Honorius I) forward until the pontificate of Adrian II the entries are contemporary, added shortly after the death of each pope, and, although reflecting biases of the authors, are at least reasonably accurate. // Events Romulus Augustus, Last Western Roman Emperor Rome sacked by Visigoths in 410. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Events The Ostrogoths under Totila retake Rome from the Byzantine Empire. ... // Events Islam starts in Arabia, the Quran is written, and Syria, Iraq, Persia, North Africa and Central Asia convert to Islam. ... Honorius I (died October 12, 638) was pope from 625 to 638. ... Adrian II (also known as Hadrian II), (792–872), pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age. ...

Continuations of the Liber Pontificalis by later chroniclers from about 1100 onwards extend it to the mid-15th century — these are of very variable quality. Events William II of England dies in a hunting accident - Henry I becomes King of England King Henry I proclaims the Charter of Liberties, one of the first examples of a constitution. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

The work of many compilers and authors over a long period complicated the process of creating usable scholarly editions. Louis Duchesne and Theodor Mommsen each produced editions (Mommsen's is incomplete) at the end of the 19th century. Translations and further commentaries appeared throughout the 20th century devoted to discovering the levels of historicity in the entries. Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne (September 13, 1843 - April 21, 1922) was a French priest, philologist, and historian. ... Theodor Mommsen Theodor Mommsen Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 - 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar and historian, generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...

Bibliography

• Raymond Davis, The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis). Liverpool: University of Liverpool Press, 1989. ISBN 0-85323-216-4