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In biochemistry, a ligase (from the Latin verb ligāre — "to bind" or "to glue together") is an enzyme that can catalyse the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, usually with accompanying hydrolysis of a small chemical group pendant to one of the larger molecules. Generally ligase catalyses the following reaction: Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ...
Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ...
A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. ...
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound reacts with water. ...
- Ab + C → A–C + b
or sometimes - Ab + cD → A–D + b + c
where the lower case letters signify the small, pendant groups.
Nomenclature
The common names of ligase enzymes often include the word "ligase", such as DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratories to join together DNA fragments. Other common names for ligases include synthetase, because they are used to synthesize new molecules, or carboxylase when they are used to add carbon dioxide to a molecule. It has been suggested that sticky end/blunt end be merged into this article or section. ...
For other uses of lab, see Lab. ...
The structure of part of a DNA double helix Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the development and function of living organisms. ...
Synthesis (from the ancient Greek σÏν (with) and θεσις (placing), is commonly understood to be an integration of two or more pre-existing elements which results in a new creation. ...
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...
Note that "synthetase" should not be confused with synthases, as synthases do not use adenosine triphosphate and belong to the lyase group, while synthetases do use adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In biochemistry, a synthase is an enzyme which catalyzes a synthesis process. ...
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that breaks various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. ...
Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide that is most important as a molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. ...
Classification Ligases are classified as EC 6 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Ligases can be further classified into six subclasses: The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. ...
- EC 6.1 includes ligases used to form carbon-oxygen bonds
- EC 6.2 includes ligases used to form carbon-sulfur bonds
- EC 6.3 includes ligases used to form carbon-nitrogen bonds (including argininosuccinate synthetase)
- EC 6.4 includes ligases used to form carbon-carbon bonds
- EC 6.5 includes ligases used to form phosphoric ester bonds
- EC 6.6 includes ligases used to form nitrogen-metal bonds
Argininosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme that participates in the urea cycle, which is a sequence of chemical reactions that takes place in the cells of the liver. ...
In organic chemistry and biochemistry esters are substances that have the functional group (R-COO-R) (the carbon is double-bonded to one oxygen atom and single-bonded to another) and consist of an alkane united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic. ...
See also It has been suggested that sticky end/blunt end be merged into this article or section. ...
External links
References - EC 6 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary University of London
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