It was founded in 1974, after its forerunner the Communist League (Ligue Communiste) was banned in 1973. The Communist League was itself founded in 1969 after the Revolutionary Communist Youth (Jeunesses Communistes Révolutionnaires) was banned in 1968.
An ongoing issue is the possibility and conditions of an electoral alliance with fellow Trotskyist party Lutte Ouvrière. In the past the two have at times run joint candidates (for example in the last regional and European elections), and at times run separately (for example in the last presidential elections).
LCR militants openly work within left-wing groups such as ATTAC and the Solidaires Unitaires Démocratiques trade unions.
Its recent congress voted to abandon use of the term "dictatorship of the proletariat" to describe its political aims. The group includes members of other Trotskyist tendencies who are able to organise openly within its ranks to gain support for its views.
La LCR explique que "quatre des cinq courants issus du dernier congrès" se sont rejoints "autour de la perspective d'un nouveau parti anticapitaliste".