Lilium
Lilium michiganense
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Liliales Family: Liliaceae Genus: Lilium L.
Species
See text Look up lily in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up lilies in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2000 × 1500 pixel, file size: 2. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... It has been suggested that Angiospermae, and Anthophyta be merged into this article or section. ... Hemerocallis flower, with three flower parts in each whorl Wheat, an economically important monocot The monocotyledons or Monocots are a group of flowering plants, (angiosperms) dominating great parts of the earth. ... Families Alstroemeriaceae Campynemataceae Colchicaceae Corsiaceae Liliaceae Luzuriagaceae Melanthiaceae Philesiaceae Ripogonaceae Smilacaceae Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants. ... Genera Calochortus Cardiocrinum Clintonia Erythronium Fritillaria Gagea Korolkowia Lilium Lloydia Nomocharis Notholirion Scoliopus Streptopus Tricyrtis Tulipa The Liliaceae, or the Lily Family, is an important family of monocotyledons that includes a great number of ornamental flowers as well as several important agricultural crops; the onion has traditionally been classified here... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...

The plants of the genus Lilium are the true lily plants, comprising a genus of about 100 species in the lily family, Liliaceae. They are important as showy and large flowered garden plants, and in literature. For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... Genera Calochortus Cardiocrinum Clintonia Erythronium Fritillaria Gagea Korolkowia Lilium Lloydia Nomocharis Notholirion Scoliopus Streptopus Tricyrtis Tulipa The Liliaceae, or the Lily Family, is an important family of monocotyledons that includes a great number of ornamental flowers as well as several important agricultural crops; the onion has traditionally been classified here...

Range

Lilies are native to the northern temperate regions. Their range in the Old World extends across much of Europe, the north Mediterranean, across most of Asia to Japan, south to the Nilgiri mountains in India, and south to the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States. A few species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These include Cardiocrinum and Nomocharis. The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus; it includes Europe, Asia, and Africa (collectively known as Africa-Eurasia), plus surrounding islands. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Map of The Nilgiris district The Nilgiris or Blue Mountains are a range of mountains and a district in the south-Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. ... Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, c. ... Species Cardiocrinum cathayanum Cardiocrinum cordatum Cardiocrinum giganteum Cardiocrinum yunnanense Cardiocrinum is a genus of three or four species of bulbous plants of the family Liliaceae. ... Nomocharis is a genus of the family Liliaceae. ...

They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and a single one is known to live as an epiphyte (L. arboricola). In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils. Lyskamm, 4 527 m, Pennine Alps A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... Near Orosí, Costa Rica Epiphytes on a tree near Santa Elena in Costa Rica An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting in Hawaii An epiphyte is any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ...

Botany

Lilies are usually erect leafy stemmed herbs. The majority of species form naked or tunic-less scaly underground bulbs from which they overwinter. In some North American species the base of the bulb develops into rhizomes, on which numerous small bulbs are found. Some species develop stolons. A few species form bulbs at or near the soil surface . Shallot bulbs A bulb is an underground vertical shoot that has modified leaves (or thickened leaf bases) that are used as food storage organs by a dormant plant. ... Ginger rhizome A rhizome is, in botany, a usually underground, horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. ... Silverweed (Argentina anserina) picture showing red stolons. ...

Many species form stem-roots. With these, the bulb grows naturally at some depth in the soil, and each year the new stem puts out adventitious roots above the bulb as it emerges from the soil. These roots are in addition to the basal roots that develop at the base of the bulb. Adventitious, in botany, refers to structures that develop in an unusual place, and in medicine, it refers to conditions acquired after birth. ...

The large flowers have three petals along with three petal-like sepals, often fragrant, and come in a range of colours ranging through whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds, purples, bronze and even nearly black. Markings include spots, brush strokes and picotees. A Phalaenopsis flower Rudbeckia fulgida A flower, (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). ... For the petals of chakras, see Petal (chakra). ... Flower of the Primrose Willowherb (Ludwigia octovalvis) showing petals and sepals A sepal is one member or part of the calyx of a flower. ...

The plants are summer flowering. Most species are deciduous, but Lilium candidum bears a basal rosette of leaves for much of the year. Flowers are formed at the top of a single erect stem, with leaves being borne at intervals up the stem. Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off) and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally. ...

Species

The following is a partial list of the recognised species.

Binomial name Lilium arboricola Lilium arboricola is a species of lily that was discovered by Frank Kingdon Ward in the Shan region of Myanmar in 1953. ... Binomial name Lilium auratum Lindl. ... Term ljiljan in Bosnian means lilly, and is often used with adjective zlatni which means golden, so in Bosnia it is mainly referred as zlatni ljiljan (golden lilly) because of somewhat golden color of unique Lilium bosniacum. ... Binomial name Lilium bulbiferum L. The Orange Lily or Fire Lily is a lily-species native to Europe. ... The Orange Lily or Orange Pixie is an Asiatic lily with a striking, bright orange color. ... Binomial name Lilium canadense L. Lilium canadense or the Meadow Lily is a native of eastern North America. ... Binomial name Lilium canadense L. Lilium canadense or the Meadow Lily is a native of eastern North America. ... Binomial name Lilium candidum {{{author}}} The Madonna Lily (Lilium candidum) is a plant in the genus Lilium, a true lily. It is native to Asia Minor. ... The Madonna Lily The Madonna Lily: (Lilium candidum) is a plant in genus Lilium, which means it is what is considered a True Lily. It is an endangered species as it is very pretty looking and has been overcollected. ... Binomial name Lilium davidii Lilium davidii is a native of Sichuan and Yunnan. ... Binomial name Lilium henryi Baker Lilium henryi (called 湖北百合, hu bei bai he in Chinese, sometimes called Tiger Lily and Henrys lily in English), is a native lily of montane central China. ... Binomial name Lilium humboldtii Roezl and Leichtlin Botanical description Lilium humboldtii is less than 3 m tall. ... For the Woody Allen movie, see Whats Up, Tiger Lily?. Binomial name Lilium lancifolium Hort. ... Lilium ledebourii is a flower form the Lilly family. ... Perfect work. ... Binomial name Lilium martagon L. Lilium martagon or the Martagon lily is one of the true lilies. ... Lilium michauxii, commonly known as the Carolina Lily, can be found in the Southeastern United States from West Virginia in the north to Florida in the south to Texas in the west. ... Lilium michiganense is a flower commonly referred to as the Michigan Lily. It is a wildflower present in prairie habitats in eastern United States and Canada. ... Binomial name Lilium pardalinum {{{author}}} The Panther lily, or Lilium pardalinum, is a native of damp areas in the coastal ranges of California. ... Binomial name Lilium pomponium L. Lilium pomponium (Turban lily) is a species of lily native to Europe. ... Binomial name Lilium pyrenaicum Lilium pyrenaicum is native to montane regions, mainly the Pyrenees, from Spain and eastwards, with the range extending into the Caucasus. ... Binomial name Lilium regale {{{author}}} The Regal lily, or Lilium regale, is a trumpet flowered lily, native to western China. ... Binomial name Lilium speciosum Thunb. ... Binomial name Lilium superbum L. Lilium superbum is a species of true lily native to the eastern and central regions of North America. ...

Uses

Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate and sub-tropical regions. Sometimes they may also be grown as potted plants. A large number of ornamental hybrids have been developed. They can be used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as a patio plant.

Some lilies, especially Lilium longiflorum, as well as a few other hybrids, form important cut flower crops. These tend to be forced for particular markets; for instance, L. longiflorum for the Easter trade, when it may be called the Easter lily. Perfect work. ... Easter, the Sunday of the Resurrection, Pascha, or Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast of the Christian liturgical year, observed at some point between late March and late April each year (early April to early May in Eastern Christianity), following the cycle of the moon. ... The Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) is a flower which is noted for its irregular blooming periods. ...

Lilium bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of L. lancifolium, L. pumilum, and especially L. brownii (called 百合干 in Chinese) are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller. Starch (CAS# 9005-25-8) is a complex carbohydrate which is soluble in water; it is used by plants as a way to store excess glucose. ... Root vegetables are underground plant parts used as vegetables. ... Tiger Lily is a common name for several species of lily: Lilium columbianum Lilium lancifolium Lilium philadelphicum It is also found: In the Woody Allen movie, Whats Up, Tiger Lily? As a character in Peter Pan The name that the orphaned daughter of Michael Hutchence and Paula Yates goes... Stir frying is a common Chinese cooking technique used because of its fast cooking speed. ... Soup is a food that is made by combining ingredients, such as meat, vegetables and beans in stock or hot water, until the flavor is extracted, forming a broth. ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, commonly grown for its starchy tuber. ...

Although they are believed to be safe for humans to eat, there are reports of nephrotoxicosis (kidney failure) in cats which have eaten some species of Lilium and Hemerocallis [1]. It has been suggested that Renal anomalies and Renal plasma threshold be merged into this article or section. ... Species , etc The daylily is any of about 15 species of flowering plants in the genus Hemerocallis. ...

Lilies are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including The Dun-bar. A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Superfamilies Butterflies Hesperioidea Papilionoidea Moths Acanthopteroctetoidea Alucitoidea Axioidea Bombycoidea Calliduloidea Choreutoidea Cossoidea Drepanoidea Epermenioidea Eriocranioidea Galacticoidea Gelechioidea Geometroidea Gracillarioidea Hedyloidea Hepialoidea Heterobathmioidea Hyblaeoidea Immoidea Incurvarioidea Lasiocampoidea Lophocoronoidea Micropterigoidea Mimallonoidea Mnesarchaeoidea Neopseustoidea Nepticuloidea Noctuoidea Palaephatoidea Pterophoroidea Pyraloidea Schreckensteinioidea Sesioidea Simaethistoidea Thyridoidea Tineoidea Tischerioidea Tortricoidea Urodoidea Whalleyanoidea Yponomeutoidea Zygaenoidea The order Lepidoptera... Binomial name Cosmia trapezina Linnaeus, 1758 The Dun-bar (Cosmia trapezina) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. ...

Lilies are considered the most common of flowers to be presented at funerals. The presence of Lilies at funerals symbolizes that the soul of the departed has received restored innocence after death.

Classification of garden forms

Asiatic hybrid flower

Numerous forms are grown for the garden, and most of these are hybrids. They vary according to their parent species, and are classified in the following broad groups; Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 724 KB) Summary Lilium canadense in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 724 KB) Summary Lilium canadense in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ...

• Species (Division IX). All natural species and naturally occurring forms are included in this group.
• Asiatic hybrids (Division I). These are plants with medium sized, upright or outward facing flowers, mostly unscented. They are derived from central and east Asian species.
• Martagon hybrids (Division II). These are based on L. martagon and L. hansonii. The flowers are nodding, Turk's cap style (with the petals strongly recurved).
• Candidum hybrids (Division III). This includes hybrids of L. candidum with several other mostly European species.
• American hybrids (Division IV). These are mostly taller growing forms, originally derived from L. pardalinum. Many are clump-forming perennials with rhizomatous rootstocks.
• Longiflorum hybrids (Division V). These are cultivated forms of this species and its subspecies. They are most important as plants for cut flowers, and are less often grown in the garden than other hybrids.
• Trumpet lilies (Division VI), including Aurelian hybrids. This group includes hybrids of many Asiatic species, including L. regale and L. aurelianse. The flowers are trumpet shaped, facing outward or somewhat downward, and tend to be strongly fragrant, often especially night-fragrant.
• Oriental hybrids (Division VII). These are based on hybrids of L. auratum and L. speciosum, together with crossbreeds from several mainland Asiatic species. They are fragrant, and the flowers tend to be outward facing. Plants tend to be tall, and the flowers may be quite large. An example is Lilium "Stargazer".
• Other hybrids (Division VIII). Includes all other garden hybrids.

Lilium Stargazer (the Stargazer lily) is a hybrid lily of the Oriental group. ...

Propagation and growth

Liliums can be propagated in several ways;

• by division of the bulbs,
• by growing-on bulbils which are adventitious bulbs formed on the stem,
• by scaling, for which whole scales are detached from the bulb and planted to form a new bulb,
• by seed; seed germination patterns are variable and can be complex.

Shallot bulbs A bulb is an underground vertical shoot that has modified leaves (or thickened leaf bases) that are used as food storage organs by a dormant plant. ... Adventitious, in botany, refers to structures that develop in an unusual place, and in medicine, it refers to conditions acquired after birth. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Names

The botanic name Lilium is the Latin form and is a Linnaean name. The Latin name is derived from the Greek leirion, which is generally assumed to be the Madonna lily. [2] Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 &#8211; January 10, 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... The Madonna Lily The Madonna Lily: (Lilium candidum) is a plant in genus Lilium, which means it is what is considered a True Lily. It is an endangered species as it is very pretty looking and has been overcollected. ...

Trivia

• Johannes Brahms' famous berceuse, Brahms' Lullaby, mentions lilies in the common English version. In the original German composition, it mentions roses and carnations.

This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Species Between 100 and 150, see list Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rosa A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, and the flower of this shrub. ... Binomial name Dianthus caryophyllus L. The Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is a flowering plant native to the Near East and has been cultivated for the last 2,000 years. ...

See also

Lily Seed Germination types

External links

• Flora Europaea: Lilium
• Flora of China: Lilium
• Flora of Nepal: Lilium species list
• Flora of North America: Lilium
• Online Lily Register, over 9400 entries Lilium
• de Florum: Lilium species
• North American Lily Society

Pollen of Lilium auratum (Oriental Lily) Back-scattered electron microscope image Download high resolution version (1228x960, 328 KB)Back-scattered electron microscope image of pollen grains from Lilium auratum (oriental lily). ...

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Lilium

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