Queen Liliʻuokalani
Her Majesty Liliʻuokalani, Queen of Hawaiʻi
Birth name	Lydia Kamakaʻeha
Reign	January 20, 1891 - January 17, 1893
Successor	the Last Hawaiian Monarch
Predecessor	Kalākaua
Consort	John Owen Dominis
Born	September 2, 1838
Died	November 11, 1917

Liliʻuokalani, Queen of Hawaiʻi (September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917), originally named Lydia Kamakaʻeha, also known as Lydia Kamakaʻeha Paki, with the chosen royal name of Liliʻuokalani, and later named Lydia K. Dominis, was the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. Image File history File links Liliuokalani. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Kalākaua, King of Hawaii — born as David LaÊ»amea KamanakapuÊ»u Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch (November 12, 1836 - January 20, 1891) — was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... “Matrimony” redirects here. ... His Royal Highness John Owen Dominis, Prince Consort of Hawaii and royal governor of the islands of Oahu and Maui. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Royal Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hawaii The Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i was established during 1795 - 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of OÊ»ahu, Maui, MolokaÊ»i, LānaÊ»i and KauaÊ»i by the chiefdom of HawaiÊ»i (or the Big Island) into...

Early life

Hawaiʻi’s last sovereign queen was born on September 2, 1838, in Honolulu. According to Hawaiian tradition, she was adopted at birth by Abner Paki and his wife, Laura Konia (a granddaughter of King Kamehameha I). Liliuokalani’s childhood years were spent studying and playing with Bernice Pauahi, the Paki's natural daughter. Honolulu as seen from the International Space Station Honolulu is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. ... This article is about the Hawaiian ruler. ...

Liliuokalani received her education at the Royal School and became fluent in English.

Reign

On September 16, 1862, she married John Owen Dominis, who became Governor of Oʻahu and Maui. They had no children; Liliʻuokalani's heiress for several years was her [[[niece]]] Victoria Kaʻiulani (1875–1899), although Kaʻiulani predeceased her. Liliʻuokalani inherited the throne from her brother Kalākaua on January 17, 1891. Shortly after she gained power, she tried to abrogate the existing "Bayonet Constitution", so named because it had been signed by the previous monarch under the threat of force, and draft a new constitution that would restore power to the monarchy. American and European subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii, threatened by the elimination of suffrage by the queen's proposed constitution, asserted that the queen had "virtually abdicated" by trying to subvert the constitution and organized to depose her. Besides the threatened loss of suffrage, business interests within the Kingdom were concerned about the removal of foreign tariffs in the American sugar trade due to the McKinley Act (which effectively eliminated the favored status of Hawaiian sugar due to the Reciprocity Treaty), and considered the possibility of annexation to the United States (and enjoying the same sugar bounties as domestic producers) as a welcome side effect of ending the monarchy. During the overthrow in 1893 the American minister in Hawaiʻi at the time, John L. Stevens, ordered troops from the U.S.S. Boston ashore, to protect American businesses and property. The Queen was deposed on January 17, 1893, and a provisional government was instituted. September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... His Royal Highness John Owen Dominis, Prince Consort of Hawaii and royal governor of the islands of Oahu and Maui. ... The Island of Oahu. ... The island of Maui is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727 square miles (1883 km²). Maui is part of the State of HawaiÊ»i and is the largest island in Maui County. ... ... David Kalākaua was elected by the legislature to assume the throne of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i upon the death of William Charles Lunalilo. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Queen Liliuokalanis protest of the Bayonet Constitution, which her brother was forced to promulgate at gunpoint, led to the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii by a committee of American citizens. ... John L. Stevens, an American diplomat, conspired to overthrow the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... The fifth USS Boston, a protected cruiser, was launched 4 December 1884 by John Roach and Sons, Chester, Pennsylvania, and commissioned 2 May 1887, Captain F. M. Ramsey in command. ...

The administration of Grover Cleveland commissioned the Blount Report, and based on its findings, concluded that the overthrow of Liliʻuokalani was illegal and offered November 16, 1893 to give the throne back to her if she granted amnesty to everyone responsible. She initially refused, and it was reported that she said she would have them beheaded - she denied that specific accusation, but admitted that she intended them to suffer the punishment of death.^[1] With this development, then-President Grover Cleveland sent the issue to the United States Congress. Although she changed her mind on December 18, 1893, and U.S. Minister Willis demanded her reinstatement by the Provisional Government, the Provisional Government refused. Congress responded to Cleveland's referral with another investigation, and submitted the Morgan Report by the U.S. Senate on February 26, 1894, which exonerated both Minister Stevens and the U.S. troops from any responsibility for the overthrow. On July 4, 1894, the Republic of Hawaiʻi was proclaimed and Sanford B. Dole, one of the first people who originally called on the institution of the monarchy to be abolished, became President. The Republic of Hawaiʻi was recognized immediately by the United States government, although Walter Q. Gresham, Cleveland's Secretary of State, remained antagonistic towards the new government.^[2] Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885–1889) and 24th (1893–1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... The Blount Report is the popular name given to the part of the 1894 House of Representatives Foreign Relations Committee Report regarding the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885–1889) and 24th (1893–1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... Type Bicameralism Houses Senate House of Representatives United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D, since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D, since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican... In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Former advisor to Queen LiliÊ»uokalani and justice of the HawaiÊ»i judiciary, Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of President of the Republic of HawaiÊ»i. ... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Walter Quintin Gresham (March 17, 1832–May 28, 1895) was an American statesman and jurist. ...

Abdication

Liliʻuokalani was arrested on January 16, 1895 (several days after a failed rebellion by Robert Wilcox) when firearms were found in the gardens of her home, of which she denied any knowledge. She was sentenced to five years of hard labor in prison and fined $5000, but the sentence was commuted to imprisonment in an upstairs bedroom of ʻIolani Palace until she was released in 1896, with the establishment of the Republic of Hawaiʻi. After eight months, she abdicated her throne in return for the release of her jailed supporters. Failing in her appeals to the American government to regain her throne, she unsuccessfully entered against the federal government claims totaling $450,000 for property and other losses, making personal claim to the crown lands. The territorial legislature of Hawaii finally voted her an annual pension of $4,000 and permitted her to receive the income from a sugar plantation of 6,000 acres (24 km²). She went home to Washington Place, where she lived as a private citizen until her death in 1917 due to complications from a stroke. She was 79. Along with Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, Hawaiʻi was annexed to the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War through a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress in 1898. Cuba, where the precipitating event of the war occurred (the explosion of the battleship USS Maine in Havana), was never annexed by the United States. January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Robert William Wilcox led unsuccessful rebellions to restore the monarchy. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Iolani Palace was the official residence of King David Kalakaua and Queen Julia Kapiolani and then Queen Liliuokalani and Prince Consort John Owen Dominis. ... Washington Place is a Greek Revival home in the Capital District in Honolulu, HawaiÊ»i and was formerly the official residence of the Governor of HawaiÊ»i. ... Look up Congress in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Liliʻuokalani was an accomplished author and songwriter. Her book, Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen, gave her view of the history of her country and her overthrow. Some of her best-known musical compositions include the song, "Aloha ʻOe". An author is the person who creates a written work, such as a book, story, article or the like. ... A songwriter is someone who writes the lyrics to songs, the musical composition or melody to songs, or both. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... now. ...

The statue of Queen Liliʻuokalani on the grounds of the State Capitol in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi

The statue of Hawai`is Queen Lili`uokalani located on the south side of the Hawai`i State Capitol; photographed September 9, 2004 by Eric Guinther and released to Wikipedia. ... The statue of Hawai`is Queen Lili`uokalani located on the south side of the Hawai`i State Capitol; photographed September 9, 2004 by Eric Guinther and released to Wikipedia. ...

Footnotes and citations

1. ^ Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, CHAPTER XL
2. ^ The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Aug. 1983), pp. 292-311 "Morality and Spite: Walter Q. Gresham and U.S. Relations with Hawaii"

External links

• Queen Lydia Liliʻuokalani - a page on the website of the University of Illinois at Chicago

Monarchs of Hawaiʻi
	Kamehameha I | Kamehameha II | Kamehameha III | Kamehameha IV Kamehameha V | Lunalilo | Kalākaua | Liliʻuokalani