Territorial claims of Antarctica

List of Antarctica expeditions is a chronological list of expeditions involving Antarctica. Download high resolution version (990x1220, 206 KB)Political map and research stations (2002) Public domain, produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ... Download high resolution version (990x1220, 206 KB)Political map and research stations (2002) Public domain, produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ... Chronology is the science of locating events in time. ... See also explorations, sea explorers, astronaut, conquistador, travelogue, the History of Science and Technology and Biography. ...

Pre-1800s

• 600 BC – 300 BC Greek Philosophers theorize Spherical Earth with North and South Polar regions.
• 150 AD Ptolemy published Geographia, which notes Terra Australis Incognita
• 1487 Bartolomeu Dias first to sail around Cape of Good Hope crosses (40° S)
• 1497 Vasco da Gama sails to White River, South Africa
• 1522 Ferdinand Magellan - first circumnavigation discovers Strait of Magellan
• 1578 Francis Drake discovers Drake Passage
• 1599 Dirk Gerritsz - potentially sails to (64° S)
• 1603 Gabriel de Castilla – potentially sails to (64° S)
• 1642 - 1643 Abel Tasman discovers New Zealand and Tasmania (44° S)
• 1698 - 1699 Edmond Halley sails to (52° S)
• 1720 Captain George Shelvocke – sails to (61° 30’S)
• 1739 Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier – discovers Bouvet Island (54°26′S 3°24′E)
• 1771 James Cook – HM Bark Endeavour expedition
• 1771 – 1772 First French Antarctic Expedition - led by Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec discovers Kerguelen Islands (49°15′S 69°35′E)
• 1775 James Cook – sails HMS Resolution crossing Antarctic Circle to (71° 10’S)

Events and Trends Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815). ... Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 650s BC 640s BC 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC 580s BC 570s BC 560s BC 550s BC Events and Trends Fall of the Assyrian Empire and Rise of Babylon 609 BC _ King Josiah... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC - 300s BC - 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC Years: 305 BC 304 BC 303 BC 302 BC 301 BC - 300 BC - 299 BC 298 BC... Classical (or early) Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. ... Belief in a flat Earth is found in humankinds oldest writings. ... The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth. ... Location of the South Pole in the Antarctic continent. ... Earths polar regions are the areas of the globe surrounding the poles, north of the Arctic circle, or south of the Antarctic Circle. ... For other uses, see number 150. ... Anno Domini (In the Year of the Lord), abbreviated as AD or A.D. defines an epoch based on the traditionally-reckoned year of the birth (or actually Incarnation) of Jesus of Nazareth. ... Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; ca. ... The Geographia is Ptolemys main work besides the Almagest. ... Terra Australis is the large continent on the bottom of the map Terra Australis (also: Terra Australis Incognita, Latin for the unknown southern land) was an imaginary continent, appearing on European maps from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Bartolomeu Dias turning the Cape of Good Hope Bartolomeu Dias (pron. ... The Cape of Good Hope; looking towards the west, from the coastal cliffs above Cape Point. ... 1497 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama Vasco da Gama (IPA: /; born c. ... White River is a small holiday and farming town situated just north of Nelspruit in Mpumalanga, South Africa. ... Events January 9 - Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI. February 26 - Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés. ... Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, IPA pronunciation: //; Spanish: Fernando or Hernando de Magallanes; Spring 1480–April 27, 1521) was a Portuguese maritime explorer who led the first successful attempt to circumnavigate the Earth. ... To circumnavigate a place, such as an island, a continent, or the Earth, is to travel all the way around it by boat or ship. ... The Strait of Magellan, near Punta Arenas The Strait of Magellan is a navigable route immediately south of mainland South America. ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Sir Francis Drake, c. ... Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. ... Events Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is replaced by his brother Charles IX of Sweden. ... King James I of England/VII of Scotland, the first monarch to rule the Kingdoms of England and Scotland at the same time Events March - Samuel de Champlain, French explorer, sails to Canada March 24 - Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James I of... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... Portrait of Tasman |Batavia]]) with two small ships, the Heemskerck and the Zeehaen, first to Mauritius, and from there sailed east at a higher latitude than the Dutch had done before. ... Motto: Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Nickname: The Apple Isle Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Governor Premier Const. ... Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... Events January 26 - Treaty of Karlowitz signed March 30 - the tenth Sikh Master, Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa. ... Edmond Halley (sometimes Edmund, October 29, 1656 – January 14, 1742) was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Events January 1 - Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier. ... Jean Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier (January 14, 1705 - 1786) was a French sailor, explorer, and governor of the Mascarene Islands. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ... HM Bark Endeavour was a small 18th century British sailing ship, famous for being the vessel commanded by Lt. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec (February 13, 1734 - March 3, 1797) was a French explorer. ... Kerguelen Islands Orthographic projection centred over Kerguelen Island The Kerguelen Archipelago is in the southern Indian Ocean at 49°20′ S 70°20′ E. The main island, Grande Terre, originally called Desolation Island, is 6,675 km2 and it is surrounded by another 300 smaller islands and islets, forming an... 1775 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... James Cook, portrait by Nathaniel Dance, c. ... Resolution and Adventure with fishing craft in Matavai Bay by William Hodges, painted 1776, shows the two ships at anchor in Tahiti in August 1773. ... Zoomable PDF of the map this is based on The Antarctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. ...

1800s

• 1819 William Smith discovers South Shetland Islands (62°00′S 058°00′W)
• 1819 San Telmo wrecks in the Drake Passage
• 1819 - 1821 Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen – on January 27, 1820, discovers Antarctica mainland at Princess Martha Coast (69°21′28″S, 2°14′50″W)
• 1820 Edward Bransfield & William Smith – on January 30, 1820, sight Trinity Peninsula (63°37′S 058°20′W)
• 1820 Nathaniel Palmer sights Antarctica on November 17, 1820
• 1821 John Davis (sealer) – on February 7, 1821 disputed claim of setting foot on Antarctica at Hughes Bay (64°13′S 61°20′W)
• 1823 – 1824 James Weddell – on February 20, 1823 reaches (74°15′S 30°12′W)
• 1830 – 1832 Southern Ocean Expedition – sight Enderby Land (67°30′S 53°0′E) and Adelaide Island (67.25° S 68.5° W)
• 1837 – 1840 Second French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jules Dumont d'Urville discovers Adelie Land (66° S)
• 1838 - 1839 John Balleny discovers Balleny Islands (66°55′S 163°45′E)
• 1838 - 1842 United States Exploring Expedition – led by Charles Wilkes to Antarctic Peninsula (69°30′S 065°00′W) and eastern Antarctica
• 1839 - 1843 James Clark Ross discovered the Ross Ice Shelf, Ross Sea, Mount Erebus, Mount Terror and Victoria Land
• 1892 – 1893 Dundee Whaling Expedition discover Dundee Island (63°30′S 055°55′W)
• 1893 - 1895 Henryk Bull – set foot on Antarctica at Cape Adare
• 1897 – 1899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition – led by Adrien de Gerlache
• 1898 – 1900 Carsten Borchgrevink – sails to Cape Adare and winters on Antarctica

Events and Trends Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815). ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... William Smith (born c. ... The South Shetland Islands or Iles Shetland du Sud or Islas Shetland del Sur or New South Britain or New South Shetland or Shetland Islands or South Shetlands or Sydshetland or Süd-Shetland Inseln are a chain of islands in the Southern Ocean lying about 120 kilometres northward of... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen (Russian: ; Faddey Faddeyevich Bellinsgauzen) (September 20, 1778–January 13, 1852) served as a naval officer of the Russian Empire and commanded the second Russian expedition to circumnavigate the globe. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Edward Bransfield (1785 – 1852) was a master in the Royal Navy and arguably the discoverer of the continent of Antarctica. ... William Smith (born c. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Trinity Peninsula ( 63°37′ S 058°20′ W) is the extreme northeast portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, extending northeastward for about 130 km (80 mi) from a line connecting Cape Kater and Cape Longing. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Nathaniel Brown Palmer (1799 - 1877) was a sailor in the United States Navy. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... James Weddell (August 24, 1787 - September 9, 1834) was an English navigator, sealer, and explorer of the antarctic. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Enderby Land (67°30′ S 53°0′ E) is a projecting land mass of Antarctica, extending from Shinnan Glacier at about 44° 38 E to William Scoresby Bay at 59° 34 E. It was discovered in February 1831 by John Biscoe in the Tula, and Named after the Enderby Brothers... Adelaide Island or Isla Adelaida or Isla Belgrano is a large, mainly ice-covered island, 75 miles long and 20 miles wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. ... | Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rear Admiral Jules Sébastien César Dumont dUrville (May 23, 1790 – May 8, 1842) was a French explorer and naval officer, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. ... The French Southern Territories (long name: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises or TAAF) are antarctic, volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Africa and about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... John Balleny was an English captain who discovered the Balleny Islands in early 1839 while on a whaling and sealing voyage for the English whaling firm Enderby Brothers to the antarctic. ... The Balleny Islands (66°55′ S 163°45′ E) form a chain of uninhabited, mainly volcanic, islands in the Southern Ocean streching from 66°15 to 67°35S and 162°30 to 165°00E. The group contains three main islands: Young, Buckle and Sturge, which lie in a... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean (the Southern Seas) conducted by the United States Navy from 1838-1842. ... Charles Wilkes Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American naval officer and explorer. ... Antarctic Peninsula map Booth Island and Mount Scott flank the narrow Lemaire Channel on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Sir James Clark Ross (April 15, 1800 – April 3, 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. ... Ross Ice Shelf in 1997 Ross Ice Shelf with Royal Society Range in the background, 1999 (NOAA) The Ross Ice Shelf (81°30′S 175°00′W) is the largest ice shelf of Antarctica (an area of half a million square kilometres, and about 800 km across: about the size... Map of Antarctica (click to enlarge) Ice in the Ross Sea, Antarctica The Ross Sea is a deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica between Victoria Land and Marie Byrd Land. ... Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. ... For mountains named Mount Terror, see Mount Terror. ... Categories: Antarctica geography stubs | Geography of Antarctica | Ross Dependency ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Dundee Island (63°30′ S 055°55′ W) is an ice-covered island lying east of the northeastern tip of Antarctic Peninsula and south of Joinville Island. ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897 to 1899, named after its expedition vessel Belgica, was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. ... Adrien Victor Joseph de Gerlache de Gomery (2 August 1866-4 December 1934) was an officer in the Belgian Royal Navy, who led the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897-1899. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... Carstens Egeberg Borchgrevink (December 1, 1864 in Kristiania, Norway — 1934 in Slimdal, Norway), was an explorer, and the first human being to have made a confirmed landing on Antarctica. ...

1900s

• 1901 – 1904 Discovery Expedition - On December 30, 1903, Ernest Shackleton reached (82° 17’S)
• 1901 – 1903 First German Antarctica Expedition - led by Erich von Drygalski
• 1901 – 1904 Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led by Otto Nordenskjöld
• 1902 – 1904 Scottish National Antarctic Expedition – led by William Speirs Bruce
• 1903 – 1905 Third French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot
• 1907 - 1909 Nimrod Expedition – On January 16, 1909, Ernest Shackleton reached the South Magnetic Pole (88° 23’S)
• 1908 - 1910 Fourth French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot
• 1910 – 1912 Roald Amundsen - On December 14, 1911, reached the South Pole (90° S)
• 1910 – 1913 Terra Nova Expedition - On January 17, 1912, Robert Falcon Scott, reached the South Pole (90° S)
• 1911 – 1913 Second German Antarctic Expedition - led by Wilhelm Filchner
• 1911 – 1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition – led by Douglas Mawson
• 1914 – 1916 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led by Ernest Shackleton
• 1914 – 1917 Ross Sea Party – led by A.L.A. Mackintosh
• 1921 – 1922 Shackleton-Rowett Expedition – led by Ernest Shackleton
• 1929 – 1931 British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
• 1928 – 1930 Richard Evelyn Byrd - First expedition
• 1931 H Halvorsen - discovered Princess Astrid Coast
• 1931 Carstens Borchgrevink - discovered Kronprins Olav Kyst
• 1931 Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen - flew over Antarctica
• 1933 – 1935 Richard Evelyn Byrd - Second expedition
• 1933 – 1939 Lincoln Ellsworth – Aircraft expedition
• 1934 – 1937 British Graham Land Expedition
• 1936 Lars Christensen - dropped Norwegian flag over Princess Harald Coast
• 1938 Third German Antarctic Expedition - led by Alfred Ritscher
• 1939 – 1941 United States Antarctic Service Expedition – led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
• 1943 – 1945 Operation Tabarin - led by Lieutenant James Marr
• 1946 – 1946 Operation Highjump – led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
• 1947 – 1948 Operation Windmill – led by Commander Gerald Ketchum
• 1947 – 1946 Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition – led by Finn Ronne
• 1949 – 1952 Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition – led by John Giaever
• 1956 – 1958 Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition – led by Vivian Fuchs
• 1955 – 1956 Operation Deep Freeze - led by Richard Evelyn Byrd
• 1955 — 1957 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov
• 1956 Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station established
• 1956 — 1958 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksei Treshnikov
• 1957 – 1958 International Geophysical Year
• 1957 Scott Base established
• 1957 - 1958 Luncke Expedition
• 1957 — 1959 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Tolstikov
• 1958 — 1960 4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksandr Dralkin
• 1959 — 1961 5th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Korotkevich
• 1960 South African National Antarctic Expedition
• 1960 — 1962 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Driatsky
• 1961 — 1963 7th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksandr Dralkin
• 1962 — 1964 8th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov
• 1963 — 1965 9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Mikhail Somov
• 1964 — 1966 10th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by M.Ostrekin, I.Petrov
• 1965 — 1967 11th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, Leonid Dubrovin
• 1966 — 1968 12th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko and Vladislav Gerbovich
• 1967 — 1969 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Aleksei Treshnikov
• 1968 — 1970 14th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, E.Krenkel
• 1969 — 1971 15th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko and Vladislav Gerbovich
• 1970 — 1972 16th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by I.Petrov and Yury Tarbeyev
• 1971 — 1973 17th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Yevgeny Korotkevich, V.Averyanov
• 1972 — 1974 18th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Pavel Senko
• 1973 — 1975 19th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, V.Ignatov
• 1974 — 1976 20th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, N.Kornilov
• 1975 — 1977 21st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by O.Sedov, G.Bardin
• 1976 — 1978 22nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Tyabin, Leonid Dubrovin
• 1977 — 1979 23rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, O.Sedov
• 1978 — 1980 24th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by A.Artemyev, O.Sedov
• 1979 Air New Zealand Flight 901 – airplane crash
• 1979 — 1980 25th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Kornilov, N.Tyabin
• 1980 — 1982 26th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Serdyukov, V.Shamontyev
• 1981 — 1983 27th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin
• 1982 Falkland Islands War
• 1982 — 1984 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Kornilov, A.Artemyev
• 1983 — 1985 29th Soviet Antarctic Expedition - led by N.Tyabin, L.Bulatov
• 1984 — 1986 30th Soviet Antarctic Expedition - led by D.Maksutov, R.Galkin
• 1985 — 1987 31st Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.Tyabin, V.Dubovtsev
• 1986 — 1988 32nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.Klokov, V.Vovk
• 1987 Iceberg B-9 calves and carries away Little Americas I - III
• 1987 — 1989 33rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by N.A.Kornilov, Yu.A.Khabarov
• 1988 — 1990 34th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by S.M.Pryamikov, L.V.Bulatov
• 1989 — 1991 35th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by V.M.Piguzov
• 1991 — 1992 36th Soviet Antarctic Expedition — led by Lev Savatyugin
• 1996 Lake Vostok discovered

// Events and Trends Technology Lawrence Hargrave makes the first stable wing design for a heavier-than-air aircraft Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first documented flight in a powered heavier-than-air aircraft Mass production of automobile Wide popularity of home phonograph Panama Canal is built by the United... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Discovery Expedition (1901 - 1904) Robert Falcon Scott headed this Antarctica expedition, spending two winters on Ross Island and treks to the South Pole. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Captain Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE, RNR (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Erich von Drygalski or Erich Dagobert von Drygalski (February 9, 1865 – January 10, 1949) was a German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist, born in Königsberg, East Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... William Speirs Bruce (1867-1921) was a London-born Scottish polar scientist and oceanographer. ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jean-Baptiste Charcot (July 15, 1867 – September 16, 1936), born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Captain Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE, RNR (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... The ceremonial South Pole. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... -1... Jean-Baptiste Charcot (July 15, 1867 – September 16, 1936), born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. ... -1... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Roald Amundsen Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (July 16, 1872–June 18?, 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Location of the South Pole in the Antarctic continent. ... -1... 1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Robert Falcon Scott (6 June 1868–29 March 1912) was a Royal Naval officer and Antarctic explorer. ... Location of the South Pole in the Antarctic continent. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Wilhelm Filchner (September 13, 1877 - May 7, 1957) was a German explorer. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Australasian Antarctic Expedition was an Australian scientific team that expored part of Antarctica between 1911 and 1914. ... Sir Douglas Mawson (May 5, 1882-1958) was Australian Antarctic explorer. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 - The Royal Army Medical Corps first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Lead by Ernest Shackleton, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition had its headquarters at 4 New Burlington Street in London, England. ... Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Captain Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE, RNR (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Portrait of Ernest Henry Shackleton Captain Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE, RNR (February 15, 1874 – January 5, 1922) was an Anglo-Irish explorer, now chiefly remembered for his Antarctic expedition of 1914–1916 in the ship Endurance. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Carstens Egeberg Borchgrevink (December 1, 1864 in Kristiana, Norway-1934 in Slimdal,Antarctica, ever. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen (June 7, 1890 - June 3, 1965). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Lincoln Ellsworth (May 12, 1880 - May 26, 1951) was a U.S. explorer. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... BGLE stands for the British Graham Land Expedition, a geophysical and exploration expedition to Antarctica from 1934 to 1937. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Lars Christensen was a Norwegian shipowner and whaling magnate with a keen interest in the exploration of Antarctica. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... During World War II, Operation Tabarin was a small British expedition launched from the UK in 1943 to the Antarctic to to establish permanently occupied bases. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Operation Highjump was a United States Navy operation in Antarctica from 1946-47, the largest effort in the southmost continent to this day. ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) was an expedition from 1947-1948 which researched the area surrounding the head of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. ... The Norwegian-American Finn Ronne (in Norwegian: Finn Rønne) (20 December 1899, Horten, Norway – 12 January 1980, Bethesda, Maryland) was a U.S. antarctic explorer. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (CTAE) was an expedition funded by the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, whose primary objective was to complete the first overland crossing of Antarctica as a contribution to the International Geophysical Year (IGY). ... Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs (February 11, 1908 – November 11, 1999) was a British explorer. ... 1955 (MCMLV in Roman) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Operation Deep Freeze I was the codename for a series of scientific expeditions to Antarctica in 1955–56. ... Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN (October 25, 1888 – March 11, 1957) was an pioneering polar explorer and famous aviator. ... 1955 (MCMLV in Roman) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station is an American research station at Earths South Pole in Antarctica. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Scott Base beneath the active volcano Mount Erebus Scott Base is a base located at 77°51′S 166°45′E in Antarctica, operated by New Zealand. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1973 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1972 calendar). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1973 calendar). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1974 calendar). ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... Air New Zealand Flight 901 was a non-scheduled passenger transport service from Auckland International Airport in New Zealand to Antarctica and return. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Falklands War or the Malvinas War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas), was an armed conflict between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) between March and June 1982. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Little America is an Antarctic exploration base, located on the Ross Shelf Ice, south of the Bay of Whales. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Lake Vostoks location within Antarctica (NASA) Lake Vostok is the largest of more than 70 subglacial lakes in Antarctica . ...

2000s

2000s - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Agreements

• 1959 Antarctic Treaty System
• 1964 Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora
• 1978 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
• 1982 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
• 1988 Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities
• 1998 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... The Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ...

See also

• Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
• History of Antarctica
• List of research stations in Antarctica

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (acronym ANARE is normally pronounced an-ah-ree) has since 1947 served Australia in south polar regions. ... After splitting from Gondwana, Antarctica drifted slowly to its present position over the South Pole. ... A number of governments maintain permanent research stations throughout the Antarctica. ...

References

• Savatyugin, L.M., Preobrazhenskaya, M.A. Russian Exploration of Antarctica (Russian: Российские исследования в Антарктике), published by Gidrometeoizdat, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russian Federation (Roshydromet), in 3 volumes (vol.1:1st to 20th SAE;vol.2:21st to 30th SAE; vol.3:31st SAE to 40th RAE), Saint Petersburg, 1999, ISBN 5286012655
• Soviet Antarctic Expedition : information bulletin., Amsterdam : Elsevier Pub. Co. ; New York : American Elsevier Pub. Co., 1964-, ISSN: 0038-5271

Further reading

• Landis, Marilyn J. (2003). Antarctica: Exploring the Extreme: 400 Years of Adventure. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1556524803
• Headland, Robert K. (1990). Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521309034

External links

• Index to Antarctic Expeditions - at the Scott Polar Research Institute's website
• Antarctic Expeditions - information about some of them from the British Antarctic Survey
• Chronologies and Timelines of Antarctic Exploration