The following DYS markers are commonly tested in genealogical DNA testing. DYS is short for DNA Y-chromosome Segment, and is used to designate a segment of DNA on the Y chromosome where a sequence of nucleotides repeats. ... A genealogical DNA test involves examining the nucleotides at specific locations on a persons DNA. The test results have no medical value and cannot determine genetic diseases or disorders; they are only used for genetic genealogy. ...
DYS454 is the least varying Y-STR marker, and multi-copy marker DYS464 is the most varying Y-STR marker. A Y-STR is a short tandem repeat (STR) on the Y chromosome. ...
DYS389 is a multi-copy marker, and includes DYS389i and DYS389ii. DYS389ii refers to the total length of DYS389. Therefore, when there is a one step mutation at DYS389i, it will also appear in DYS389ii.
i:9-17
ii:24-34 An allele is any one of a number of viable DNA codings of the same gene (sometimes the term refers to a non-gene sequence) occupying a given locus (position) on a chromosome. ...
DYS454 is the least varying Y-STR marker commonly used in genealogical DNA testing. Of the entries for DYS454 at Ybase, 96% have 11 repeats, 3% have 10 repeats, and 2% have 12 repeats (source).
10-12
DYS455
8-12
DYS456
13-18
DYS458
13-20
DYS459
This is a multi-copy marker, and includes DYS459a and DYS459b.
DYS464 is a multi-copy marker, and includes DYS464a, DYS464b, DYS464c, and DYS464d. Rarely it can also include DYS464e, DYS464f, and DYS464g. DYS464 is the most varying Y-STR marker (source).
Thus, I believe that this marker is not part of the junk DNA; it must be related to some important feature of humans that selects against it passing mutations down through generations.
Markers 464a-d are copies found at different locations on the Y chromosome.
Markers DYS385a, 385b, 458, 447, 449, 464a and 464b have variability (=maximum-minumum values) greater than 5 and markers 426, 459a and 454 have variability less than or equal to 2.
The special positioning of fingers and hands during the Priestly Blessing is often placed as a crest or symbol on the gravestones of people to signify they are Kohanim.
One marker, however, present in more than 50% of Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish Levites points to a common male ancestor within the last 2000 years for many Levites of the Ashkenazi community.
People who do not believe in the validity of the Cohen Modal Haplotype say that such efforts to detect a genetic signature's survival in the Y chromosome unchanged over 3,500 years (approximately the amount of time since the time of the patriarchs) seem misplaced.
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