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Encyclopedia > List of Dacian words

The Romanian language contains about 200-300 words considered by many Romanian scholars to be of Dacian language origin. A few of these also have cognates in the Albanian language. Some of these etymologies are more controversial than others: because there are no significant surviving written examples of the Dacian language, it is difficult to verify, and because the Dacian language may have been relatively close to Latin, it is difficult to ascertain whether some of the words (e.g. mare, "large") are from Dacian or Latin.


Examples of such words in Romanian are:

  • abur - "steam", "vapour"; Albanian "avull"
  • agale - "walking slowly"; Albanian "ngadalė" (or Greek "αγάλια")
  • amurg - "dusk"; see murg
  • baban - "big, plump"
  • baci - "shepherd"
  • bagă - "to put in, to stick in"
  • bală, balaur - "dragon" "monster"; Albanian "bollė" (meaning snake);cf. Phrygian 'balaios' (meaning "large", "fast")
  • baligă - "manure"; Albanian "bajgė"
  • baltă - "puddle", "swamp"; Albanian "baltė" means "puddle, mud"; Phrygian 'belte' (swamp)
  • barză - "stork"; Albanian "bardhė" (meaning white)
  • băiat - "boy"
  • bārsă - "part of the plough" (for the actual definition see the DEX); Albanian "vėrz"
  • beregată - "throat"
  • brad - "fir"; Albanian "bredh"
  • brānză - "cheese"
  • brāu - "belt", "girdle"; Albanian "bres", "brezi"
  • broască - "frog"; Albanian "breshkė" means 'tortoise' or 'turtle', Latin "brosca" meant 'frog'
  • buc - "remaining chaff after the hemp seeds or the linseeds have been winnowed"; Albanian "byk"
  • bucuros - "happy"; "bukurosh" in Albanian is "beautiful"/"handsome" (male)
  • bufniţă - "owl"; Albanian "buf"
  • bulz - "ball of corn mush"; Albanian "bulez"
  • bunget - "thicket"; Albanian "bunk"
  • burduf -"sack" (related to burtă)
  • burtă - "belly"; Albanian "bark";
  • buză - "lip"; this word has the same meaning in Albanian.
  • caraban - "Rhinoceros beetle" (Oryctes nasicornis); Albanian "karabishte"; Anc. Greek "karabos" (stag beetle)
  • căciulă - "cap"; Albanian "kėsulė"
  • căpuşă - "tick" (insect); Albanian "kėpushė"
  • cătun - "hamlet"; Albanian "katun"
  • ceafă - "nape"; Albanian "qafė"
  • cioc - "beak"; Albanian "ēok", "sqep"
  • coclauri - "deserted, far places"
  • copac - "tree"; Albanian "kopaē/e" = beating
  • copil - "child"; in Albanian "kopil" and Serbian and Croatian "kopile"= bastard
  • cioară - "crow"; Albanian "sorrė"
  • ciot - "gnarl", "knot" (wood)
  • ciută - "hind"; Albanian "shutė"
  • daltă -"chisel"; Albanian "daltė" same meaning
  • dāmb- " a small hill, a mound"
  • doină - "melancholy folk song"; Latvian "daina" with the same meaning
  • droaie - "crowd", "a lot of"; Albanian "druaj" is to be afraid or shy
  • fărāmă - "crumb"; Albanian "thėrrime"
  • fluier - "pipe"
  • a fluiera - "to whistle"; see fluier
  • fluture - "butterfly"; Albanian "flutur"
  • gard - "fence"; Albanian "gardh"; Old Icelandic "gerdi" (a fenced field); Lithuanian "gardas" (fence); Phrygian "gordium" (a walled city)
  • gata - "ready"; Albanian "gati"; Hittite "qati", "kati" (ready)
  • gălbează - "sheep liver fluke" (Fasciola hepatica); Albanian "kėl'bazė", "gėl'bazė" means phlegm
  • a (se) găti - "to dress up", "to cook", "to prepare", "to finish"; Albanian "gatit" (see also gata)
  • gheară - "claw", "talon"; Albanian "kthetėr"
  • ghimpe - "thorn"; Albanian "gjėmp", "gjemb"
  • ghionoaie - "woodpecker"; Albanian "gjon" (meaning owl)
  • ghiuj - "old (weak) man", "old dotard"; Albanian "gjysh" (meaning grandfather)
  • gorun - "sessile oak" (Quercus petraea); IE root "*gwalan-" (oak)
  • grapă - "harrow"; Albanian "grep", "gėrepė" (meaning fishing rod or hook of the fishing rod)
  • gresie - "gritstone", "sandstone", "whetstone"; Albanian "gėresė"
  • groapă - "hole", "pit"; Albanian "gropė/gropa"
  • grumaz - "neck"; in Albanian, "gurmaz" is throat
  • grunz - "piece of hard and crumbly substance"; Albanian "krunde" is bran
  • a se gudura - "to fawn"; Albanian "gudutis"
  • guşă - "goiter", "crop"; Albanian "gushė" (with the same meaning or meaning "Adam's apple") (Note: both Albanian and Romanian may originate from the Latin "geusiae")
  • a hămesi - "to starve"; Albanian "hamės" is a gluttonous
  • lai - "black or black mixed with white"; Albanian "laj" is to wash
  • lăbărţa -"to grow larger, to swell, to become deformed"
  • a licări/licuri - "to sparkle"
  • mal - "bank", "shore"; Albanian "mal" (meaning mountain), "Mal i Zi" = "Montenegro" (Albanian "zi" black)
  • mare - "big" (or Latin "mas", "maris")
  • mazăre - "pea"; Albanian "modhullė"
  • măgar - "donkey"; Albanian "gomar"
  • măgură - "hill", "knoll"; Albanian "magulė"
  • mălai - "corn flour" (perhaps derived from mei "millet", Albanian "miell")
  • mămăligă - "corn mush" (perhaps derived from mălai)
  • mărar - "dill"; Greek "μάραθρον"
  • mătrăgună - "mountain laurel"; Albanian "matėrgonė"
  • mătură - "broom"
  • mānz - "colt"; Albanian "mėz", Thracian "mezenai" (characters written on an amulet depicting a man riding a horse), Messapian "manzana" a deity to whom young horses were offered
  • mānzare - "sheep giving milk"; Albanian "mėzore"
  • māţă - "cat", "kitten"; Albanian "mace", Serbian "mačka"
  • melc - "snail"
  • mire/mireasă - "groom"/"bride"; Albanian "mirė" (meaning good)
  • a (se) mişca - "to move"
  • moaşă - "midwife"; same origin as moş
  • molid - "spruce fir"; Albanian "molikė"
  • moş - "old man"; in Albanian "mosha" = age, "moshuar" = of old age
  • motan - "tomcat"
  • mugur - "bud" (biol.); Albanian "mugull"
  • mură - (regional) "gland, ganglion on the chest or the neck of some animals"; according to the Albanian "mullė"
  • murg - "bay" (color), "bay horse"; Albanian "murg" = monk
  • a muşca - "to bite"
  • oare - (roughly) "really", "isn't it"; Latin "volet", Albanian "vallė"
  • olog - "lame, crippled", "lame man, cripple"; Albanian "ulok"
  • pală - (hay) "quantity of hay held by a pitchfork", (wind) "breeze"
  • păstaie - "pod", "seedcase"; Albanian "pistajė", "bishtajė"
  • pārāu, pārău - "brook"; Albanian "pėrrua" (and/or from the Romanian "rāu", which originates from the Latin word "rivus")
  • prunc - "baby"; cf. Latin "princeps" which meant "first, foremost"
  • pupăză - "hoopoe"; Albanian "pupėzė"
  • raţă - "duck"; Albanian "rosė" (also Serbo-Croat "raca", Friulian "raze", Basque "eratz")
  • a răbda - "to be patient,to endure"
  • răgaz - "rest", "respite"
  • rānză - "gizzard", "stomach"; Albanian "rrėndės" (meaning rennet)
  • sāmbure - "stone", "pit"; Albanian "sumbull", "thumbull"
  • scrum - "ashes"; Albanian "shkrumb" is , Bulgarian "скрум"
  • a speria - "to scare" (or from the unattested Latin word expavorare)
  • stānă - "sheepfold"; in Albanian "stan" means "dairy", "dairy farm"
  • stāncă - "rock"
  • strugure - "grape"; Anc. Greek root "τρυγ-" vineyard
  • strungă - "enclosure"; in Albanian "shtrungė"
  • sută - "hundred"; Sanskrit "satam", Lithuanian "simtas" (see Satem)
  • şold -"hip", "hip socket"
  • şopārlă - "lizard"; Albanian "zhapi"/"zhapik"
  • tare - "hard" or "loud" (or from the Latin word talus/talum meaning 'anklebone, knucklebone')
  • tărăboi - "noise", "uproar"; Albanian "tėrboj" is to enrage; Anc. Greek "θόρυβος" meant 'noise, uproar'
  • ţap - "he-goat"; Albanian "cjap", Serbo-Croat "cap", Italian dial. "zappa"
  • ţarc - "fold", "pen"; Albanian "thark"; Greek "tsarkos"
  • ţăruş - "stake", "picket"; in Albanian "thur" means "to knit"
  • ţeapă - "pole", "pale", "stake"; in Albanian "thep" means "sharp edge"
  • ţigaie - "(about the sheep's hear) soft, oil-like"; Greek "σιγάλος" (soft)
  • ţugui - "peak", "point"
  • ţuicǎ - "plum brandy"
  • ţurţur - "icicle"
  • urdă - "soft cottage cheese" (incorporating whey)
  • varză - "cabbage" (or from the Latin word viridia)
  • vatră - "hearth"; Albanian "vatėr"
  • văpaie - "flame", "blaze"; Albanian "vapė" is heat
  • viezure - "badger"; Albanian "vjedull"
  • zară, zer - "whey"; Albanian "dhallė"
  • zbārli - "of the hair when it is raised and spiked up; frightened; enraged"
  • a zbārci - "to wrinkle"; Anc. Greek "pharkis" meant 'wrinkle'; Bulgarian 'zbrkvam' same meaning, yet such a word is not found in any other slavic language
  • a zburda - "to sport"; IE root "*s-bhurdh-", Anc. Greek "σπυρθιζο" (about animals, mainly horses) to run with jumps
  • zgardă - "dog collar"; Albanian "shkardhė" (related to gard)
  • zgǎu - "uterus", "thoracic cavity", "hole"; Albanian "zgavėr" means "hole" (or from Latin excavare, 'to hollow out')
  • zgură - "slag", "cinder"; Albanian "zgjyrė", Bulgarian "з
  • zvăpăiat - "crazy, mischeivous, agitated" (related to văpaie)

References

  • Rosetti, Alexandru. "History of the Romanian language" (Istoria limbii romāne), 2 vols., Bucharest, 1965-1969.
  • Dicţionar Explicativ Online (http://dexonline.ro)
  • English-Albanian/Albanian-English Online Dictionary (http://www.argjiro.net/fjalor/)
  • Dicţionar Enciclopedic, Cartier Publishing House - ISBN 9975-79-080-1
  • A New Dimension of the Lingustical Relations between Romanian and Greek (http://soltdm.tripod.com/limbimod/romana/grecrom.htm)
  • Romanian Etymological Dictionary - A Short Introduction (http://soltdm.tripod.com/limbimod/romana/etimrom.htm)

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Wikipedia: Romanian language (1385 words)
Although we may never know much about the Dacian language, there are some words that are found only in Romanian (in all dialects), some of them have a cognate in Albanian language and these are generally thought to be inherited from Dacian, most of them being related to the pastoral life.
Modern words were often borrowed from French or Italian in the 19th century, later some were borrowed from German and English.
Words ending in "ă" are feminine, while words ending in consonant are masculine and neuter and the words ending in "e" can be of either gender.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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