NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of Estonian rulers

This is a list of the Governors of foreign states overseeing the territory of present day Estonia, from the time of the Danish occupation starting in 1219 to, but not including, the first period of Estonian independence starting in 1917. That is, the Grand masters of the Sword Bretheren of the Teutonic Order, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, and the Tsars of Russia, up to 1917. During period 1561-1660 there were cross claims to various areas of Estonia. This includes: A governor is an official who heads the government of a colony, state or other sub-national state unit. ... Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Frederick II the Quarrelsome, last Babenberg Duke of Austria Deaths Jayavarman VII, ruler of the Khmer Empire Minamoto no Sanetomo, third shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan Monarchs/Presidents... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... A monarch is a type of ruler or head of state, whos titles and ascention are inherited, not earned, and represents a larger monarchical system which has established rules and customs regarding succession, duties, and powers. ... A monarch is a type of ruler or head of state, whos titles and ascention are inherited, not earned, and represents a larger monarchical system which has established rules and customs regarding succession, duties, and powers. ... Tsar (Bulgarian Ñ†Ð°Ñ€, Russian Ñ†Ð°Ñ€ÑŒ, listen?; often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ...

Events Henry III of England declares himself of age and assumes power Births September 30 - Pope Nicholas IV Deaths March 18 - Pope Honorius III (b. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... The state formed by Boleslaus I of Poland in 1025 during his coronation. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... The Commonwealth around 1619 Official languages Polish, Latin Established church Roman Catholic Capital Cracow (until 1596) Warsaw (from 1596) Largest City Gdańsk, later Warsaw Head of state King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania Area about 1 million km² Population about 11 million Existed 1569 - 1795 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ... Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... 1721 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Events March 27 - Prince Charles Stuart becomes King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ... 1721 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Kievan Rus'

Tiitel: suurvürst (1030 - 1061) Kievan Rusâ€² (Russian: , Kievskaya Rus; Ukrainian: , Kyivsâ€™ka Rusâ€™) was the early, mostly East SlavicÂ¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (Russian: ÐšÐ¸ÌÐµÐ², Kiev; Ukrainian: ÐšÐ¸ÌÑ—Ð², Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ...

Events Battle of Stiklestad ensures the Christianization of Norway. ... Events Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each others excommunication. ... Insert non-formatted text hereInsert non-formatted text here--217. ...

Vaddjamå

Metsapoole

Tiitel: vanem (- 1206) Events Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire Qutb ud-Din proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ...

Sakala

Tiitel: vanem (- 1223) sakala (word) -- a Sanskrit word meaning all, everything; Sakala (district) -- ancient district in Estonia, now Viljandimaa; Sakala (heights) -- hills in Viljandimaa; Sakala (academic_corporation) -- an Estonian academic corporation founded in Tartu 1909, named after Sakala (district); Sakala (newspaper) -- a newspaper founded by Carl Robert Jakobson in 1878. ... Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ...

Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents France - Philippe II, Auguste King of France (reigned from 1180 to 1223) Mongol Empire - Genghis Khan, Mongol Khan (from 1206 to 1227... Events April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ... Lembitu (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) was one of the best-known Estonian leaders in the fight against the conquest of German Sword Brethren in the beginning of the 13th century. ...

Alempois

Tiitel: vanem (- 1224) Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See...

Harjumaa

Tiitel: vanem (- 1224) Harju County or Harjumaa (Estonian Harju maakond or Harjumaa) is a County or maakond of Estonia on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. ... Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See...

Jogentagan

Järvamaa

Tiitel: vanem (- 1224) JÃ¤rva County or JÃ¤rvamaa (Estonian: JÃ¤rva maakond or JÃ¤rvamaa) is one of the counties of Estonia. ... Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See...

Läänemaa

Tiitel: vanem (- 1224) Capital Haapsalu Governor Sulev Vare Area 2,383. ... Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See...

Mõhu

Nurmekund

Soopoolitse

Ugandi

Vaiga

Virumaa

Tiitel: vanem (- 1224) Virumaa (Vironia , Wierland) can mean Ida-Viru County or Eastern Virumaa - a county of Estonia Lääne-Viru County or Western Virumaa - a county of Estonia For prehistoric Estonian province and tribe, see Vironians. ... Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See...

Hiiumaa

Insula deserta (tühi saar; - 1254) Hiiumaa (Swedish Dagö) is the second largest island belonging to Estonia. ... Events December 2 - Manfred of Sicily defeats army of Pope Innocent IV at Foggia. ...

Revala

Saaremaa

Tiitel: vanem (- 1227, 1343 – 1345) Map of the Estonian archipelago (Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) Saaremaa (Swedish, German Ã–sel, or Oesel, Latin Osilia) is the largest island (2673 kmÂ²) belonging to Estonia. ... Events Henry III of England declares himself of age and assumes power Births September 30 - Pope Nicholas IV Deaths March 18 - Pope Honorius III (b. ... -1...

1. august 1343 - veebruar 1344 Vesse-1... Events English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. ...

Taani Kuningriik

Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Frederick II the Quarrelsome, last Babenberg Duke of Austria Deaths Jayavarman VII, ruler of the Khmer Empire Minamoto no Sanetomo, third shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan Monarchs/Presidents... Valdemar the Victorious redirects here. ... Events April 5 - Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz April 27 - Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo. ... Events December 13 - Death of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IX of France is captured by Muslims and has to ransom himself Mabinogion appears Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic Vincent of Beauvais writes proto-encyclopedic The Greater Mirror City of Stockholm founded Alphonso III of Portugal takes Algarve... Events Alfonso X of Castile, the Wise (el Sabio) Stockholm is founded by Birger Jarl (cf 1854) The widespread usage of torture by the Medieval Inquisition is introduced. ... Christopher I (1219-May 29, 1259) was king of Denmark between 1252 and 1259. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Erik was a Swedish king of disputed historicity. ... Events Margaret I of Scotland became queen of Scotland, end of Canmore dynasty. ... Eric VI Menved (1274 - 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286-1319) and a son of Eric V. Born in 1274. ... Events January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ... Christopher II (1276-1332) was King of Denmark between 1320-1326 and again, between 1329 until his death. ... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Osman I (1299-1326) to Orhan I (1326-1359) Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia. ... Valdemar III of Denmark (Waldemar III) (1314 - 1364) was a king of Denmark from 1326 to 1329. ... Events Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII. Aimone of Savoy becomes Count of Savoy. ... Christopher II (1276-1332) was King of Denmark between 1320-1326 and again, between 1329 until his death. ... Events November 7 - Lucerne joins the Swiss Confederation with Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. ... Events January 26 - King France June 24 - The Battle of Sluys is fought between the naval fleets of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. ... Events Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg and King of Bohemia also known as John the BLIND! who was killed in the fighting... Valdemar Atterdag (c. ...

Tartu piiskopkond

Tiitel: piiskop (1224 – 1558) Events Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians Births Deaths Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned from 1217 to 1252) Holy See... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ...

Saare-Lääne piiskopkond

Tiitel: piiskop (1228 – 1559) Events The Sixth Crusade is launched by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, after delays due to sickness and an excommunication from Pope Gregory IX. Conrad IV of Germany becomes titular King of Jerusalem, with Frederick II as regent. ... Events January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ...

Livonian Order

Title: The Grand Master of the Order (1237–1561) Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ...

Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders. ... Events Births June 17 Edward I of England known as Edward Longshanks or Hammer of the Scots Deaths Emperor Go-Toba of Japan Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon... Events Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kyiv Births Pope Benedict XI Deaths April 11 - Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn The Great Prince of Gwynedd Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile... Events April 5 - Mongols of Golden Horde under the command of Subotai defeat feudal polish nobility, including Knights Templar, in the battle of Liegnitz April 27 - Mongols defeat Bela IV of Hungary in the battle of Sajo. ... Events April 5 - During a battle on the ice of Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. ... Events Rebellion against king Sancho II of Portugal in favor of his brother Alphonso. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Saga of Japan. ... Events Louis IX of France departs on the Seventh Crusade for Egypt Kingdom of Castile captures city of Seville from Muslims Cologne cathedral: old cathedral burns down April 30; foundation stone to current cathedral laid August 15 Births Deaths January 4 - King Sancho II of Portugal, in exile in Toledo... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Events Hanseatic League formed. ... Events La Sorbonne, the famous university in Paris, is founded Eutin in Schleswig-Holstein is given its city rights Henry III of England orders the production of a coinage of pure gold location of city Cracow Births Sancho IV king of Castile and León Deaths Pho Khun Si Indrathit... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan Emperor Kameyama ascends to the throne of Japan September 3 - Mongols defeated by Mameluks at Battle of Ain Jalut Samogatians and Curonians defeats Teutonic knights in Battle of Durbe Births Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian Deaths Monarchs/Presidents... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... Werner may refer to: People with Werner as a Last Name Oskar Werner (1922 - 1984) Johannes Werner Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749 - 1817) German geologist Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias Werner (1768 - 1823) German poet, dramatist and preacher Alfred Werner (1866 - 1919) German Nobel prize-winning chemist Pierre Werner (1913 - 2002) Luxembourg politician... Events Detmold, Germany was founded. ... Events February 26 - French defeat Germans and Sicilians at Battle of Benevento. ... For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century. ... Events St. ... Events Battle of Yamen. ... Events February 22 - Martin IV becomes Pope August 15 - Kamikaze storm wipes out invading Mongol army in the coast of Japan The Ottoman Empire was founded as an autonomous state (Beylik) in present day Bilecik, Turkey, by Osman Bey. ... Events December 14 -- Zuider Zee sea wall collapses, killing over 50,000 people End of the reign of Emperor Go-Uda of Japan Emperor Fushimi ascends to the throne of Japan The Theravada Buddhist kingdom at Pagan, Myanmar falls to the Mongols. ... Events February 22 - Nicholas IV becomes Pope. ... Events King Edward I of England banishes all Jews from Britain. ... Events May 20 - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Study of General Schools of Alcala The Minoresses (Franciscan nuns) are first introduced into England Births Deaths Categories: 1293 ... Events Mongol leader Ghazan Khan is converted to Islam, ending a line of Tantric Buddhist leaders. ... Events April 27 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of England. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Fushimi of Japan Emperor Go-Fushimi ascends to the throne of Japan 21 July - Battle of Falkirk (1298): Englands Edward Longshank defeats William Wallaces Scottish rebels While in prison in Genoa, Marco Polo dictates his Travels to a local writer Births... // Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ... Events Rhodes falls to forces of the Knights of St. ... Events September 27/September 28 - Battle of Ampfing, often called the last battle of knights, in which Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria Births Emperor Komyo of Japan, second of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Deaths January 3 - France Categories: 1322 ... Events Publication of Defensor pacis by Marsilius of Padua Mansa Kankan Musa I, ruler of the Mali Empire arrives in Cairo on his hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. ... Events May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Events January 26 - King France June 24 - The Battle of Sluys is fought between the naval fleets of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. ... -1... Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Orhan I (1326-1359) to Murad I (1359-1389) Berlin joins the Hanseatic League. ... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Foundation of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Cracow) The Breton War of Succession... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... Events February 24 - Margaret I seizes Albert, thus becoming ruler of Denmark, Norway and Sweden June 15 - Battle of Kosovo between Serbs and Ottomans. ... Events The Lollards, a religious sect taught by John Wycliffe, were persecuted for their beliefs. ... // Events March 20 - Henry V becomes King of England Project of Annals of Joseon Dynasty began. ... Events Friedrich I Hohenzollern (b. ... Events August 17 - Battle of Verneuil - An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stuart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. ... Events Births June 23 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany Kettil Karlsson Vasa, later Regent of Sweden. ... For other uses, see number 1435. ... Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Germany Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway looses direct control of Sweden. ... Events March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen April 15 - Battle of Formigny. ... Events July 26 - Battle of Edgecote Moor October 17 - Prince Ferdinand of Aragon wed princess Isabella of Castile. ... Events May 15 - Charles VIII of Sweden who had served three terms as King of Sweden dies. ... This article is about the year 1471, not the BT caller ID service accessible by dialling 1-4-7-1. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ... Events January 25 - Alfonso II becomes King of Naples. ... Wolter von Plettenberg (or Walter von Plettenberg) was the Master of Livonian Order 1494â€“1535 was one of the greatest leaders of Livonian knights. ... Events January 18 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga (now Montreal) June 24 - The Anabaptist state of Münster (see Münster Rebellion) is conquered and disbanded. ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... Events Russia, Reforming Synod of the metropolite Macaire, Orthodoxy: introduction of a calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code ( Stoglav ) Major outbreak of the sweating sickness in England. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Events January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Gotthard Kettler (1517 â€“ 17 May 1587) was the last master of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, but when the Livonian branch of the Teutonic order came under increasing pressure from Russian tsar Ivan IV the terrible during the Livonian war (1558 â€“ 1582), Gotthard Kettler secularised the order and converted...

The Kingdom of Poland

Title: King (1561 – 1569) The state formed by Boleslaus I of Poland in 1025 during his coronation. ...

Dynastia Jagiellonów

The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Reign From April 1, 1548 until July 6, 1572 Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Zygmunt I Stary Bona Sforza Consorts Elżbieta Habsburzanka Barbara Radziwiłł Katarzyna Austriaczka Barbara Giżycka Children with Barbara Giżycka Barbara Date of Birth August 1, 1520 Place...

Rzeczpospolita

Title: King (1569 – 1572) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Dynastia Jagiellonów

Title: Electoral king (1572 - 1586) The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... Events January 11 - First recorded lottery in England. ... Reign From April 1, 1548 until July 6, 1572 Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Zygmunt I Stary Bona Sforza Consorts Elżbieta Habsburzanka Barbara Radziwiłł Katarzyna Austriaczka Barbara Giżycka Children with Barbara Giżycka Barbara Date of Birth August 1, 1520 Place...

Title: King (1587 – 1660) Events January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... Events January - articles of Warsaw Confederation signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland. ... Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 - August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Events November 19 - Henry Barrow, English Puritan and Separatist is imprisoned. ... István) see: István Báthory Reign From December 9, 1575 until December 12, 1586 Elected On December 9, 1575 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On May 1, 1576 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Noble Family Bathory Parents Stephen Bathory Catherine Telegdi Consorts Anna Jagiellonka Children none Date...

The House of Vasa

The Vasa Coat of Arms The House of Vasa was the Royal House of Sweden (1523-1654) and of Poland (1587-1668). ... Events February 8 - Mary, Queen of Scots is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in England after she is implicated in a plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. July 22 - Colony of Roanoke: A group of English settlers arrive on Roanoke Island off of North Carolina to re-establish the... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coronation... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coronation... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... Reign in Poland From November 8, 1632 until May 20, 1648 Reign in Russia From 1610 until 1635 Elected in Poland On November 8, 1632 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Elected in Russia In 1610 Coronation On February 6, 1633 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House... // Events Peace treaty signed at Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. ... Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna Teresa...

The Kingdom of Sweden

Title: King (1561 - 1710 {officially 1721}) The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige listen?) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. ...

The House of Vasa

The Vasa Coat of Arms The House of Vasa was the Royal House of Sweden (1523-1654) and of Poland (1587-1668). ... Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Erik XIV of Sweden (December 13, 1533–February 26, 1577) was the son of Gustav I of Sweden and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... John III (Johan III) (December 23, 1537 - November 27, 1592) was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coronation... Reign in Poland From September 18, 1587 until April 19, 1632 Reign in Sweden From November 17, 1592 until July 24, 1599 Elected in Poland On September 18, 1587 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation in Poland On December 27, 1587 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Coronation... Events Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is replaced by his brother Charles IX of Sweden. ... Charles IX, or Karl IX (1550 – 1611), king of Sweden, was the youngest son of Gustav I of Sweden and Margareta Lejonhufvud. ... Charles IX, or Karl IX (1550 – 1611), king of Sweden, was the youngest son of Gustav I of Sweden and Margareta Lejonhufvud. ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 - Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Events November 1 - At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeares romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time. ... Gustav II Adolf (December 9, 1594 â€“ November 6, 1632 O.S.), widely known by the Latinized name Gustavus Adolphus and in Protestant propaganda as the Lion of the North, was King of Sweden from 1611 until his death. ... See also: 1632 (novel) Events February 22 - Galileos Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of LÃ¼tzen... Christina (1626 – 1689) or Kristina, later known as Maria Christina Alexandra and sometime Count Dohna, was Queen of Sweden from 1632 to 1654, was the daughter of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. ...

The House of Palatinate

Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... Charles X or Karl X Gustav (1622-Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622. ... Events Expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique by French occupying forces. ... Charles XI, or Karl XI, (November 24, 1655 – April 5, 1697) was a King of Sweden (1660 – 1697). ... Events September 20 - The Treaty of Ryswick December 2 â€“ St Pauls Cathedral opened in London Peter the Great travels in Europe officially incognito as artilleryman Pjotr Mikhailov Use of palanquins increases in Europe Christopher Polhem starts Swedens first technical school. ... // Events July 21 - Treaty of Passarowitz signed November 22 - Off the coast of Virginia, English pirate Edward Teach (best known as Blackbeard) is killed in battle when a British boarding party cornered and then shot and stabbed him more than 25 times. ... Charles XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 – November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as Demirbaş Şarl (Charles the Habitue), was a King of Sweden (1697 – 1718). ... Charles XII of Sweden, by Axel Sparre 1712 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... Charles XII of Sweden, by Axel Sparre 1712 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) Births November 30 - Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of... Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (February 23, 1688 - November 24, 1741) was Queen regnant of Sweden from 1719 to 1720 and then Queen consort until her death. ...

The House of Hesse

Hesse-Kassel (Hessen-Kassel) was a German principality that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1568 upon the death of Landgrave Philip of Hesse and his eldest son Wilhelm IV inherited the northern portion and established his capital in Kassel. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... 1721 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Frederick I of Sweden (April 23, 1676 - March 25, 1751), King of Sweden from 1720 and (as Friedrich I von Hessen-Kassel) Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel from 1730. ...

The Kingdom of Livonia

Oldenburg

Oldenburg is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England. ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... Tsar Ioann IV the Terrible. ...

Russia

Title: Imperator (1704 - 1917) The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ...

The House of Romanov

Tiitel: Ajutise Valitsuse esimees (1917) The House of Romanov (Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð², pronounced Ro-MAH-nof) was the second and last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled Muscovy and the Russian Empire for five generations from 1613 to 1762. ... Events Building of the Students Monument in Aiud, Romania. ... Portrait of Peter by Paul Delaroche Peter I (ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ I ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ in Russian, or Pyotr I Alexeevich) (9 June 1672â€“8 February 1725 [30 May 1672â€“ 28 January 1725] O.S.1]) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... PD image from http://www. ... PD image from http://www. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... H.I.M. Ekaterina I, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine I (In Russian: Ð•ÐºÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð½Ð° I ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐµÐ²Ð½Ð°) (April 15, 1683/1684â€“May 17, 1727) was the second wife of Peter the Great and Empress of Russia from 1725 until her death. ... Events June 11 - George, Prince of Wales becomes King George II of Great Britain. ... Peter II (Пётр II Алексеевич in Russian) (October 23, 1715–January 29, 1730) was Emperor of Russia from 1727 until his death. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births May 13 - Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. ... The crown of Anna Ioannovna Anna Ivanovna (In Russian: Анна Ивановна) (February 7, 1693 - October 28, 1740) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... Ivan VI of Russia, (August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764), reigned as Emperor of Russia 1740 - 1741, was the son of Prince Antony Ulrich of Brunswick-Lüneburg and of the princess Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg. ... // Events April 10 â€“ Austrian army attack troops of Frederick the Great at Mollwitz December 19 â€“ Vitus Bering dies in his expedition east of Siberia December 25 â€“ Anders Celsius develops his own thermometer scale Celsius William Browning invents mineral water Elizabeth of Russia became czarina. ... H.I.M. Yelizaveta Petrovna, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias (1709-62) Yelizaveta (Yelisavet) Petrovna (Ð•Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚Ð° (Ð•Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚) ÐŸÐµÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ²Ð½Ð°) (December 29, 1709 - January 5, 1762), also known as Elizabeth, was an Empress of Russia (1741 - 1762) who took the country into the War of Austrian succession (1740 - 1748) and the Seven Years... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Portrait of Peter III by an uknown artist Peter III (February 21, 1728 - July 17, 1762) (Russian ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ III Ð¤ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ (Pyotr III Fyodorovitch)) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. ... 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... H.I.M. Ekaterina II Aleksejevna the Great, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias Catherine II (Ð•ÐºÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð½Ð° II ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐµÐ²Ð½Ð°: YekateriÌna II AlekseÌyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796 (O.S.)), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ... Paul I of Russia Paul I of Russia (Russian: Pavel Petrovich, Павел I Петрович) (October 1, 1754 - March 23, 1801) was an Emperor (Tsar) of Russia (1796 - 1801). ... 1801 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Aleksandr Pavlovich Romanov or Tsar Alexander I (The Blessed), (Russian: Александр I Павлович) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), Emperor of Russia (reigned March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825), King of Poland (reigned 1815–1825), son of the Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, afterwards Paul I, and Maria Fedorovna, daughter of... 1825 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Nicholas I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович, July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855) was the Emperor of Russia and king of Poland from 1825 until his death in 1855. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Alexander II (1818-1881) Alexander (Aleksandr) II (Russian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ II ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (April 17, 1818â€“March 13, 1881) was the Emperor (tsar) of Russia from March 2, 1855 until his assassination. ... 1881 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Painting of Tsar Alexander III (1886), by Ivan Kramskoi (1837-1887), original, 41 x 36 in. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia Nicholas II of Russia ( 18 May 1868 â€“ 17 July 1918 ) was the last crowned Emperor of Russia. ... Nicholas II of Russia File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Nicholas II of Russia File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Grand Duke Michael of Russia, Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov (Russian: Михаил Александрович Романов), sometimes called Emperor Michael II (November 22, 1878 (O.S.) - about June 12, 1918) was the son of Tsar Alexander III of Russia, and brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. ...

Saksa Riik

Hohenzollernid

Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern (January 27, 1859 - June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia from 1888 - 1918. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Eestimaa

(de facto iseseisev) De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...

(de jure iseseisev) Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary De jure (in Classical Latin de iure) is an expression that means based on law, as contrasted with de facto, which means in fact. The terms de jure and de facto are used like in principle and in practice when one...

Eesti Vabariik

Tiitel: peaminister (1919 - 1920) Konstantin PÃ¤ts Konstantin PÃ¤ts (February 23, 1874 - January 18, 1956) was a politician and the first President of Estonia. ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Tiitel: riigivanem (1920 - 1934) 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jaan TÃµnisson (22 December 1868 - Unknown) was an Estonian politician, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920 and as the Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ...

Tiitel: riigihoidja (1937 - 1938) 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Riigihoidja (often translated from Estonian as, state-protector) was the name of the office of the head of state and head of goverment of Estonia from 24 January 1934 to 24 April 1938. ...

Tiitel: president (1938 - 1940) 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, universities, and countries. ...

Tiitel: peaminister presidendi ülesannetes (1940 - 1992) 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Tiitel: valitsusjuht (1944) JÃ¼ri Uluots (January 13, 1890 - January 9, 1945) was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, and prominent attorney. ... 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1963 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Tiitel: (Nõukogude Liitu kuuluva) Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu esimees (1990 - 1991) 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Tiitel: Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu esimees (1991 - 1992) Arnold RÃ¼Ã¼tel (born May 10, 1928) is the President of the Republic of Estonia. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Tiitel: president (alates 1992) Arnold RÃ¼Ã¼tel (born May 10, 1928) is the President of the Republic of Estonia. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Lennart Georg Meri (born March 29, 1929), is a writer and politician who served as president of Estonia from 1992 to 2001. ... 1991 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arnold RÃ¼Ã¼tel (born May 10, 1928) is the President of the Republic of Estonia. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Balti Hertsogiriik

Eesti Töörahva Kommuuna

Eesti NSV

Tiitel: (suveräänseks kuulutatud) Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi esimees (1988 - 1990) 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1958 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1978 was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... Arnold RÃ¼Ã¼tel (born May 10, 1928) is the President of the Republic of Estonia. ... 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Arnold RÃ¼Ã¼tel (born May 10, 1928) is the President of the Republic of Estonia. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Title: NLKP Keskkomitee peasekretär (1940 - 1991) The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Russian: (Ð¡Ð¡Ð¡Ð ) listen?; tr. ...

1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Lavrenty Beria Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria (Russian: Лавре́нтий Па́влович Бе́рия) (29 March 1899 - 23 December 1953), Soviet politician and police chief, is remembered chiefly as the executor of Joseph Stalins Great Purge of the 1930s, although in fact he presided only over the closing stages of the Purge. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Great-German State

(Reichskommissariat Ostland) Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Ostland(East Territoires) was the name given by Nazi Germany to their civilian occupation regime in conquered territories of the Baltic states during World War II. Some parts, such as Memel, were annexed to the Reich directly, but most was placed under two Reichskommissariats, those of Ostland and of Ukraine. ...

Title: juht ja riigikantsler (1941 - 1944) 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889â€“April 30, 1945) was the Chancellor of Germany from 1933, and FÃ¼hrer und Reichskanzler (Leader and chancellor) of Germany from 1934, to his death. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...