This entry concerns French artists working in visual or plastic media (plus, for some artists of the 20th century, performance art). See other articles for information on French literature, French music, French Cinema and French Culture. Performance art is art where the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time, constitute the work. ... French literature is literature written in the French language; and especially, literature written in French by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written in other languages of France. ... France has long been considered a center for European art and music. ... France has been influential in the development of film as a mass medium and as an art form. ... The culture of France is diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as the influence of recent immigration. ...

Historical overview

The French Renaissance

The French Renaissance is roughly the period from Charles VIII of France through Henri IV of France and is said to begin with the French invasion of Italy in 1494. The reigns of François I (from 1515 to 1547) and his son Henri II (from 1547 to 1559) are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance. After Henri II's unfortunate death in a joust, the country was ruled by his widow Catherine de Medici and her sons François II, Charles IX and Henri III, and although the Renaissance continued to flourish, the French Wars of Religion between huguenots and catholics ravished the country. The French Renaissance is commonly held to have begun in the 16th century during the reign of Francis I, although it had been well-established prior to the beginning of his reign. ... Charles VIII of France (June 30, 1470–April 7, 1498; French: Charles VIII de France), nicknamed the Affable (lAffable), was King of France from 1483 to his death. ... By Frans Pourbus the younger. ... Francis I (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – July 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (French: le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 – July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from July 31, 1547 until his death. ... Catherine de Medici (April 13, 1519–January 5, 1589), born in Italy as Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de Medici, and later queen of France under the French name Catherine de M dicis, was the wife of King Henry II of France, of the Valois branch of the kings of... François II Francis II (French: François II) (January 19, 1544 - December 5, 1560) was a King of France (1559 - 1560). ... Charles IX ( June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) was born Charles-Maximilien, the son of King Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici. ... Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 – August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ... The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. ...

In the late 15th century, the French invasion of Italy and the proximity of the vibrant Burgundy court (with its Flemish connections) brought the French into contact with the goods, paintings, and the creative spirit of the Northern and Italian Renaissance, and the initial artistic changes in France were often carried out by Italian and Flemish artists Jean Clouet (and his son François Clouet) and the Italians Rosso Fiorentino, Primaticcio and Nicolò dell'Abate of the (so-called) first School of Fontainebleau (from 1531). Leonardo da Vinci was also invited to France by François I, but other than the paintings which he brought with him, he produced little for the French king. The Italian Wars were a series of wars from 1494 to 1559 for control over the States of Italy, mainly involving France and Spain, but also involving most other European states, and the imprisonment for several months of Pope Clement VII. They started with the plotting of Ludovico Sforza of... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy ( French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts ( Gauls), Romans ( Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance -French Renaissance -German Renaissance -English Renaissance The Italian Renaissance was the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century following the Middle Ages. ... Jean Clouet (d. ... François Clouet (died 22 December 1572) was a French miniaturist. ... The Ecole de Fontainebleau refers to two periods of artistic production in France during the late Renaissance centered around the royal Château of Fontainebleau. ... Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance architect, musician, anatomist, inventor, engineer, sculptor, geometer, and painter. ...

The art of the period from François I through Henri IV is often heavily inspired by late Italian pictorial and sculptural developments commonly referred to as Mannerism (associated with Michelangelo and Parmigianino, among others), characterized by figures which are elongated and graceful and a reliance on visual rhetoric, including the elaborate use of allegory and mythology. Mannerism is the usual English term for an approach to all the arts, particularly painting but not exclusive to it, a reaction to the High Renaissance, emerging after the Sack of Rome in 1527 shook Renaissance confidence, humanism and rationality to their foundations, and even Religion had split apart. ... This page is about the artist. ... Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror(c. ... Rhetoric (from Greek ρητωρ, rhêtôr, orator) is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are dialectic and grammar). ...

There are a number of French artists of incredible talent in this period including the painter Jean Fouquet of Tours (who achieved amazingly realistic portraits and remarkable illuminated manuscripts) and the sculptors Jean Goujon and Germain Pilon. Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels (c. ...

Perhaps the greatest accomplishment of the French Renaissance was the construction of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley: no longer conceived of as fortresses, these pleasure palaces took advantage of the richness of the rivers and lands of the Loire region and they show remarkable architectural skill. The châteaux of the Loire Valley (Val de Loire) number more than 300. ...

The old Louvre castle in Paris was also rebuilt under the direction of Pierre Lescot and would become the core of a brand new Renaissance château. To the west of the Louvre, Catherine de Medici had built for her the Tuileries palace with extensive gardens and a grotto. The main courtyard of the Louvre. ... A château ( French for castle; plural châteaux) is a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor or a country house of gentry, usually French, with or without fortifications. ... Catherine de Medici (April 13, 1519–January 5, 1589), born in Italy as Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de Medici, and later queen of France under the French name Catherine de M dicis, was the wife of King Henry II of France, of the Valois branch of the kings of... Up to 1871 the Tuileries Palace was a palace in Paris, France, on the right bank of the River Seine. ... A Grotto is a small cave, usually near water and often flooded or liable to flood at high tide. ...

The French Wars of Religion however dragged the country into thirty years of civil war which eclipsed much artistic production outside of religious and political propaganda. The French Wars of Religion were a series of conflicts fought between the Catholic League and the Huguenots from the middle of the sixteenth century to the Edict of Nantes in 1598. ...

Late Mannerism and Early Baroque

The ascension of Henri IV to the throne brought a period of massive urban development in Paris, including construction on the Pont Neuf, the Place des Vosges (called the "Place Royale"), the Place Dauphine, and parts of the Louvre. By Frans Pourbus the younger. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Pont Neuf The Pont Neuf, is the oldest standing bridge in Paris, France, across the river Seine. ... Fountain in the Place des Vosges The Place des Vosges is Paris oldest (and some say most beautiful) square. ... The main courtyard of the Louvre. ...

Henri IV also invited the artists Toussaint Dubreuil, Martin Fréminet and Ambroise Dubois to work on the château of Fontainebleau and they are typically called the second School of Fontainebleau. The central range of Fontainebleau The Royal Château of Fontainebleau (in the Seine-et-Marne département), the largest of the French royal châteaux, introduced to France the Italian Mannerist style in interior decoration and in gardens, and transformed them in the translation. ... The Ecole de Fontainebleau refers to two periods of artistic production in France during the late Renaissance centered around the royal Château of Fontainebleau. ...

Marie de Medici, Henri IV's queen, invited the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens to France, and the artist painted a number of large-scale works for the queen's Luxembourg Palace in Paris. Another Flemish artist working for the court was Frans Pourbus the younger. Marie de Medici (April 26, 1573 - July 3, 1642), born in Italy as Maria de Medici, was queen consort of France under the French name Marie de Médicis. ... Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) is considered one of the greatest painters in European art history (together with Dutchman Rembrandt van Rijn), and the most important Flemish (Netherlands, nowadays Belgium) painter of the sixteenth century. ... Luxembourg Palace The Luxembourg Palace in the VIe arrondissement of Paris, north of the Luxembourg Garden, is where the French Senate meets. ... Categories: Stub | Flemish painters ...

Outside of France, working for the ducs of Lorraine, we find a very different late mannerist style in the artists Jacques Bellange, Claude Deruet and Jacques Callot. Having little contact with the French artists, they developed a heightened and extreme (and often erotic) mannerism (including night scenes and fantastic images), and excellent skill in engraving. Capital Metz Area 23,547 km² Regional President Jean-Pierre Masseret Population  - 2005 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density 2,310,376 98/km² Arrondissements 19 Cantons 157 Communes 2,337 Départements Meurthe-et-Moselle Meuse Moselle Vosges Lorraine ( German: Lothringen) is a historical area in present-day northeast France. ... Jacques Callot (c. ...

The period of the early 17th century shows influences from both the north of Europe (Dutch and Flemish schools) and from Roman painters of the Counter-Reformation. Artists in France frequently debated the merits between Peter Paul Rubens (the Flemish baroque, voluptuous lines and colors) and Nicolas Poussin (rational control, proportion, Roman classicism). There was also a strong Caravaggio school represented in the period by the amazing candle-lit paintings of Georges de La Tour. The wretched and the poor were featured in an almost Dutch manner in the paintings by the three Le Nain brothers. In the paintings of Philippe de Champaigne there are both propagandistic portraits of Louis XIII' s minister Cardinal Richelieu and other more contemplative portraits of people in the Catholic Jansenist sect. The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) is considered one of the greatest painters in European art history (together with Dutchman Rembrandt van Rijn), and the most important Flemish (Netherlands, nowadays Belgium) painter of the sixteenth century. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ... Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (September 28, 1573 – July 18, 1610), usually called simply Caravaggio after his hometown near Milan, was an Italian Baroque painter, whose large religious works portrayed saints and other biblical figures as ordinary people. ... Georges de La Tour (1593 - 1652) was a French painter. ... Ex Voto (1662) by Philippe de Champaigne Philippe de Champaigne (26 May 1602 - 12 August 1674) was a Baroque era painter of the French school. ... Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. ... Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ... Jansenism was a branch of Christian philosophy founded by Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638), a Flemish theologian. ...

Louis XIV and French Classicism

The architecture and the arts in the mid to late 17th century in France are most often referred to by the term Classicism, generally implying an adherence to certain rules of proportion and sobriety. The Baroque as it was practiced in Italy was not in French taste and Bernini's famous proposal for redesigning the Louvre was rejected by Louis XIV. Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint The Baroque was a style in art that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce... A self portrait: Bernini is said to have used his own features in the David (below, left) Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini) (December 7, 1598 - November 28, 1680), who worked chiefly in Rome, was the pre-eminent baroque artist. ...

Through propaganda, wars and great architectural works, Louis XIV launched a vast program designed for the glorification of France and his name. The Palace of Versailles, initially a tiny hunting lodge built by his father, was transformed by Louis XIV into a marvelous palace for fêtes and parties. Architect Louis Le Vau, painter and designer Charles Le Brun and the landscape architect André Le Nôtre created marvels : fountains danced; wandering revelers discovered hidden grottos in the gardens. North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe The Château de Versailles — often called the Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles — is a royal château, outside the gates of which the village of Versailles, France, has... Louis Le Vau (1612 – 1670) was a French architect who worked for Louis XIV of France. ... Charles Le Brun Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. ... Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of king Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ...

The initial impetus for this transformation of Versailles is generally linked to the private château Vaux-le-Vicomte built for Louis XIV's minister of Finance Nicolas Fouquet. Having offered a lavish festival for the king in the newly finished residence in 1661 (Le Brun, Le Vau, Le Nôtre, the poet La Fontaine, the playwright Molière were all under Fouquet's patronage), the minister was accused of misappropriation of funds and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The architects and artists under his patronage were all put to work on Versailles. Vaux-le-vicomte was in many ways the most important work built before Louis XIV came to power. ... Nicolas Fouquet (1615 — March 23, 1680) was viscount of Melun and of Vaux, marquis of Belle-Isle, superintendent of finance in France under Louis XIV. Born in Paris, he belonged to an influential family of the noblesse de robe, and after some preliminary schooling with the Jesuits, at the age... There are communes that have the name Fontaine, and Fontaines: Fontaine, in the Aube département Fontaine, in the Isère département Fontaine, in the Territoire de Belfort département Related names Fontaine-au-Bois, in the Nord département Fontaine-au-Pire, in the Nord département Fontaine... Molière, engraved frontispiece to his Works Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, better known as Molière (January 15, 1622 – February 17, 1673), was a French theatre writer, director and actor, one of the masters of comic satire. ...

In this period, Louis' minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert established royal control over artisanal production in France; henceforth France would no longer purchase luxury goods from abroad, but would herself set the standard for quality. This control was also seen in the creation of an Academy of painting and sculpture which maintained a hierarchy of the genres of painting (the noblest being history painting), a strong use of pictorial rhetoric and a strict sense of decorum. Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (August 29, 1619 – September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance for 22 years under King Louis XIV. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy... A genre is any of the traditional divisions of art forms from a single field of activity into various kinds according to criteria particular to that form. ... Categories: Art stubs | Painting ... Rhetoric (from Greek ρητωρ, rhêtôr, orator) is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are dialectic and grammar). ...

The furnishings and interiors from this period are referred to as Louis XIV style; they are characterized by thick brocades of red and gold, heavy gilt work on plaster moldings, large sculpted sideboards, and heavy marbles.

Eventually, Versailles was transformed into the official residence of the king (1682); the Hall of Mirrors was built; other smaller châteaux like the Grand Trianon were built on the grounds; a huge canal featuring gondolas and gondoliers from Venice was created. For the room of this name there, see the item in the article Palace of Versailles. ... Categories: Stub ...

In his youth, Louis XIV had suffered during the civil and parliamentary insurrection known as the Fronde. By relocating to Versailles, he could avoid the dangers of the capital; he could also keep his eye very closely on the affairs of the nobles and could play them off against each other and against the newer "noblesse de robe". Versailles became a gilded cage: to leave spelled disaster for a noble, for all official charges and appointments were made there. A strict etiquette was imposed. A word or glance from the king could make or destroy a career. The king himself followed a strict daily program, and there was little privacy. For the French feminist newspaper, see La Fronde The Fronde (1648–1653) was a civil war in France, followed by the Franco-Spanish War with Spain (1653–1659). ...

Through his wars and the glory of Versailles, Louis became, to a certain degree, the arbiter of taste and power in Europe and both his château and the etiquette in Versailles were copied by the other European courts. Yet the difficult wars at the end of his long reign and the religious problems created by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes made the last years dark ones. The Edict of Nantes was issued on April 13, 1598 by Henry IV of France to grant French Protestants (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a Catholic nation. ...

Rococo and Neoclassicism

The death of Louis XIV lead to a period of licentious freedom commonly called the Régence. The heir to Louis XIV, his great grandson Louis XV of France, was only 5 years old; for the next seven years France was ruled by the regent Philippe II of Orléans. Versailles was abandoned from 1715 to 1722. Painting turned toward "fêtes galantes", theater settings and the female nude. Painters from this period include Antoine Watteau, Nicolas Lancret and François Boucher. The era of the French Régence (1715 - 1723) covers the minority of Louis XV, when France was governed by the regent, the child-kings uncle, Philippe dOrléans. ... Louis XV King of France and Navarre Louis XV (February 15, 1710 - May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was king of France from 1715 to 1774. ... Philip II, Duke of Orléans - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Jean-Antoine Watteau (October 10, 1684 _ July 18, 1721) was a French painter. ... Nicolas Lancret (January 22, 1690 - September 14, 1743), French painter, was born in Paris, and became a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society under the regent Orleans. ... Rinaldo and Armida gained Bouchers admission to the Académie royale François Boucher (1703 in Bordeaux – May 30, 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste, known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories representing the arts or pastoral occupations, and several portraits of...

The Louis XV style of decoration (although already apparent at the end of the last reign) was lighter: pastels and wood panels, smaller rooms, less gilding and fewer brocades; shells and garlands and occasional Chinese subjects predominated. Rooms were more intimate. After the return to Versailles, many of the baroque rooms of Louis XIV were redesigned. The official etiquette was also simplified and the notion of privacy was expanded: the king himself retreated from the official bed at night and conversed in private with his mistress.

The latter half of the 18th century continued to see French preeminence in Europe, particularly through the arts and sciences, and the French language was the lingua franca of the European courts. The French academic system continued to produce artists, but some, like Jean-Honoré Fragonard and Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin, explored new and increasingly impressionist styles of painting with thick brushwork. Although the hierarchy of genres continued to be respected officially, genre painting, landscape, portrait and still life were extremely fashionable. French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... The Bathers, 1765 Jean-Honoré Fragonard (April 5, 1732 – August 22, 1806) was a French painter. ... Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (November 2, 1699 – December 6, 1779) is considered by some to be the greatest of the 18th-century French painters. ... Genre painting, also called genre scene or petit genre, attempts to depict aspects of everyday life, via portraits of ordinary people engaged in common activities. ... The Harvesters, by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, 1565: Peace and agriculture in a pre-Romantic ideal landscape, without sublime terrors The word landscape as most westerners use it is completely entrenched in western notions of land, nature and art. ... Self-portrait by Vincent Van Gogh A portrait is a painting, photograph, or other artistic representation of a person. ... A still life is a work of art which represents a subject composed of inanimate objects. ...

The writer Denis Diderot wrote a number of times on the annual Salons of the Académie of painting and sculpture and his comments and criticisms are a vital document on the arts of this period. Portrait of Diderot by Louis-Michel van Loo, 1767 Denis Diderot (October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French writer and philosopher. ... Honoré Daumier satirized the bourgeoises scandalized by the Salons Venuses, 1864 The Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris) was an institution in French official art patronage, founded in Paris, France in 1673 to exhibit art works, particularly paintings. ...

One of Diderot's favorite painters was Jean-Baptiste Greuze. Although often considered kitsch by today's standards, his paintings of domestic scenes reveal the importance of Sentimentalism in the European arts of the period (as also seen in the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Samuel Richardson.) Jean-Baptiste Greuze (August 21, 1725 - March 4, 1805), French painter, was born at Tournus, in Burgundy. ... Kitsch is a term categorizing art that is considered an inferior copy of an existing style. ... Sentimentalism, sometimes known as sensibility (or the cult of sensibility), was a fashion in both poetry and fiction beginning in the eighteenth century. ... Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau (June 28, 1712 – July 2, 1778) was a Franco-Swiss philosopher, writer, political theorist, and self-taught composer of The Age of Enlightenment. ... Samuel Richardson (August 19, 1689 - July 4, 1761) was an eighteenth century writer best known for his three epistolary novels: Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740), Clarissa (1748) and Sir Charles Grandison (1753). ...

One also finds in this period a kind of Pre-romanticism. Hubert Robert's images of ruins, inspired by Italian cappricio paintings, are typical in this respect. So too the change from the rational and geometrical French garden (of André Le Nôtre) to the English garden, which emphasized (artificially) wild and irrational nature. One also finds in some of these gardens curious ruins of temples called "follies". Hubert Robert (1753 - April 15, 1808), French artist, was born at Paris. ... Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of king Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ...

The middle of the 18th century saw a turn to Neoclassicism in France, that is to say a conscious use of Greek and Roman forms and iconography. In painting, the greatest representative of this style is Jacques Louis David who, mirroring the profiles of Greek vases, emphasized the use of the profile; his subject matter often involved classical history (the death of Socrates, Brutus). The dignity and subject matter of his paintings were greatly inspired by Nicolas Poussin in the 17th century. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... Self portrait Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 - December 29, 1825), most usually known as David (pronounced Dah-veed rather than Day-vid), was a French painter. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ...

The Louis XVI style of furniture (once again already present in the previous reign) tended toward circles and ovals in chair backs; chair legs were grooved; Greek inspired iconography was used as decoration.

The French neoclassical style would greatly contribute to the monumentalism of the French revolution, as typified in the structures La Madeleine church (begun in 1763 and finished in1840) which is in the form of a Greek temple and the mammouth Panthéon (1764-1812) which today houses the tombs of great Frenchmen. The rationalism and simplicity of classical architecture was seen — in the age of Enlightenment — as the antithesis of the backward-looking Gothic. The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... Église de la Madeleine, Paris Léglise de la Madeleine, or Léglise Sainte-Marie-Madeleine (or simply La Madeleine), is a church in the 8th arrondissement of Paris that was designed as a temple to the glory of Napoleons army. ... The Greeks began to build monumental temples in the first half of the eighth century BC. The temples of Hera at Samos and of Poseidon at Isthmia were among the first erected. ... The Panthéon The Panthéon is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris, France. ... For the period in European history, The Age of Enlightenment For the corresponding movement in the European Jewish community, see Haskalah. ... Besides its original meaning, of or relating to the Goths, a Germanic tribe and thus the Gothic language and the Gothic alphabet, and aside from its Early Modern connotations of rough, barbarous, the word Gothic has been used since the 18th century to refer to distinctly different things. ...

The Greek and Roman subject matters were also often chosen to promote the values of republicanism. One also finds paintings glorifying the heroes and martyrs of the French revolution, such as David's painting of the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat. Jean-Paul Marat Jean-Paul Marat (May 24, 1743 – July 13, 1793), was a Swiss-born scientist and physician, who made much of his career in England, but is best known as a French Revolutionary. ...

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, a student of David's who was also influenced by Raphael and John Flaxman, would maintain the precision of David's style, while also exploring other mythological (Oedipus and the sphynx, Jupiter and Thetis) and oriental (the Odalesques) subjects in the spirit of Romanticism. Self-portrait at age 24, 1804 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (August 29, 1780 – January 14, 1867) was a French painter. ... self-portrait Raphael or Raffaello, a painter and architect of the Florentine school in the Italian High Renaissance, was born on April 6, 1483 and died on his 37th birthday, April 6, 1520 (see the note below about earlier confusion about these dates). ... John Flaxman (July 6, 1755 - December 7, 1826), was an English sculptor and draughtsman. ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas; it originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ...

Romanticism

The French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars brought great changes to the arts in France. The program of exaltation and mythification of the Emperor Napoleon I of France was closely coordinated in the paintings of Gros and Guérin. The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... The Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1804 until 1815. ... Bonaparte as general Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français...

Meanwhile, Orientalism, Egyptian motifs, the tragic anti-hero, the wild landscape, the historical novel and scenes from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, all these elements of Romanticism created a vibrant period that defies easy classification. Orientalism is the study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures by Westerners. ... In literature and film, an anti-hero is a central or supporting character that has some of the personality flaws and ultimate fortune traditionally assigned to villains but nonetheless also have enough heroic qualities or intentions to gain the sympathy of readers or viewers. ... An historical novel is a novel in which the story is set among historical events, or more generally, where the time the action takes place in predates the lifetime of the author -- distinguish and contrast the alternate history genre. ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas; it originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ...

One also finds in the early period of the 19th century a repeat of the debate carried on in the 17th between the supporters of Rubens and Poussin: there are defenders of the "line" as found in Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, and the violent colors and curves as found in Eugène Delacroix. The comparison is however somewhat false, for Ingres' intense realism sometimes gives way to amazing voluptuousness in his Turkish bath scenes. Self-portrait at age 24, 1804 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (August 29, 1780 – January 14, 1867) was a French painter. ... Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar) Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( April 26, 1798 - August 13, 1863) was an important painter from the French romantic period. ...

The Romantic tendencies continued throughout the century: both idealized landscape painting and Naturalism have their seeds in Romanticism: both Gustave Courbet and the Barbizon school are logical developments, as is too the late 19th century Symbolism of such painters at Gustave Moreau (the professor of Matisse and Rouault) or Odilon Redon.-1... Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 – December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ... The Barbizon school of painters is named after the village of Barbizon near Fontainebleau Forest, France. ... Orpheus by Gustave Moreau (1865) Gustave Moreau (April 6, 1826 - April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. ... Odilon Redon (April 22, 1840 - July 6, 1916) was a symbolist painter. ...

Birth of the Modern

Walter Benjamin called Paris the capital of the 19th century. In order to understand the amazing diversity of artistic expressions which Paris gave birth to from the 1860s to the 1940s, one needs to understand both the unique experience of this city and the financial, social and political experiments that it was host to. Benjamin, in 1938. ...

Baron Haussmann's massive renovation of the city created amazing perspectives and broad boulevards, but also replaced poorer neighborhoods and created fast routes to move troops through the city to quell unrest. Yet there was also a second Paris at the limits of Haussmann's city on the hill of Montmartre with her windmills, cabarets and vineyards. Café culture, cabarets, arcades (19th century covered malls), anarchism, the mixing of classes, the radicalization of art and artistic movements caused by the academic salon system, a boisterous willingness to shock — all this made for a stunning vibrancy. What is more, the dynamic debate in the visual arts is also repeated in the same period in music, dance, architecture and the novel: Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Proust, Nijinski, etc. This is the birth of Modernism. Georges-Eugène, Baron Haussmann (March 27, 1809 – January 11, 1891) was a French civic planner whose name is associated with the rebuilding of Paris. ... (1897), a painting by Camille Pissarro of the boulevard that led to Montmartre as seen from his hotel room. ... This article describes a range of political philosophies that oppose the state and some forms of social hierarchy. ... The salon is a 17th century French idea, a gathering of stimulating and attractive people of quality under the roof of an inspiring hostess, partly to amuse one another and partly to refine their taste and increase their knowledge through conversation and readings, consciously following Horaces definition of the... Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, 1929-30: The modern style is noted for its rigorous geometrical forms, and became adopted internationally, though not without continuing controversy Modernism in the cultural historical sense is generally defined as the new artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as...

Édouard Manet represents for many critics the division between the 19th century and the modern period (much like Charles Baudelaire in poetry). His rediscovery of Spanish painting from the golden age, his willingness to show the unpainted canvas, his exploration of the forthright nude and his radical brush strokes are the first step toward Impressionism. Édouard Manet (portrait by Nadar) Édouard Manet (January 23, 1832 – April 30, 1883) was a French painter. ... Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (April 9, 1821 – August 31, 1867) was one of the most influential French poets. ...

Impressionism will take the Barbizon school one further, rejecting once and for all a belabored style (and the use of mixed colors and black), for fragile transitive effects of light as captured outdoors in changing light (in part inspired by the paintings of J. M. W. Turner). Claude Monet with his cathedrals and haystacks, Pierre-Auguste Renoir with both his early outdoor festivals and his later feathery style of ruddy nudes, Edgar Degas with his dancers and bathers. Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a private association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ... The Barbizon school of painters is named after the village of Barbizon near Fontainebleau Forest, France. ... J. M. W. Turner, English landscape painter Joseph Mallord William Turner (born in Covent Garden, London on April 23, 1775 (exact date disputed), died December 19, 1851) was an English Romantic landscape artist, whose style can be said to lay the foundations for Impressionism. ... Oscar-Claude Monet (November 14, 1840 _ December 5, 1926), French impressionist painter. ... Pierre-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841 - December 3, 1919) was a French artist who painted in the impressionist style. ... Edgar Degas (July 19, 1834 – September 27, 1917) was a Faggot buttlicker and ballsucker. ...

Some of these techniques were made possible by new paints available in tubes. These painters were also to a certain degree in a dialogue with another discovery of the 19th century: photography.

From this point on, the next thirty years are a litany of amazing experiments. Vincent van Gogh, Dutch born but living in France, opened the road to expressionism. Georges Seurat, influenced by color theory, devised a pointillist technique that controlled the Impressionist experiment. Paul Cézanne, a painter's painter, attempted a geometrical exploration of the world (that left many of his peers indifferent). Paul Gauguin, the banker, found symbolism in Brittany and then exoticism and primitivism in French Polynesia. Henri Rousseau, the self-taught dabbler, becomes the model for the naïve revolution. Self-portrait (1886) Vincent Willem van Gogh (March 30, 1853–July 29, 1890) was a Dutch painter, generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history. ... Le Chahut was painted by Seurat from 1889 to 1890. ... Vase of Flowers (1876) Oil on canvas Paul Cézanne (January 19, 1839 – October 22, 1906) was a French painter who represents the bridge from impressionism to cubism. ... Paul Gauguin (June 7, 1848 - May 9, 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ... Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical duchy and French province, as well as the cultural area of Brittany. ... The Repast of the Lion Henri Rousseau (May 21, 1844 - September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. ...

The products of the far east brought new influences. Les Nabis explored a decorative art in flat plains with a Japanese print graphic approach. The discovery of African tribal masks lead Pablo Picasso to his "Demoiselles d'Avignon" of 1907. Picasso and Georges Braque (working independently) returned to and refined Cézanne's way of rationally understanding objects in a flat medium; but their experiments in cubism would also lead them to integrate all aspects of the day to day life: collage of newspapers, musical instruments, cigarettes, wine… Cubism in all its phases would dominate Europe and America for the next ten years. Les Nabis, Art Movement In 1888-89, Les Nabis originated as a rebellious group of young student artists who banded together at the Académie Julian in Paris, France. ... A young Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art. ... Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910 (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art) Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 – August 31, 1963) was a French painter and sculptor, and with Pablo Picasso one of the inventors of Cubism. ... Woman with a guitar by Georges Braque, 1913 Cubist house in Prague Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ...

At roughly the same time, Les Fauves, exploded in color (much like German Expressionism). The Dessert: Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse Les Fauves (French for wild beasts), a short-lived movement of early Modernist art, emphasized paint itself and the use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism, even with its focus on light and the moment. ... On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ...

Dada and Surrealism

World War I did not stop the dynamic creation. In 1916 a group of discontents met in a bar in Zurich (the Cabaret Voltaire) and create the most radical gesture possible: the anti-art of Dada. At the same time, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp in Paris were exploring similar notions. At the In an art show in New York in 1917 Duchamp presented a white porcelain urinal signed R. Mutt as work of art, becoming the father of the readymade. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Cabaret Voltaire is the name of more than one thing: The original, historic Cabaret Voltaire was situated in Zürich, where it served as the stage for a lot of the major Dada performances. ... Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. ... Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia (January 28, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish father who was an attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris, France. ... Marcel Duchamp (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French/American artist. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Found art, or more commonly and less confusingly, Found Object (French: objet trouvé) is a term used to describe art created from common objects not normally considered to be artistic (also assemblage). ...

The killing fields of the war (nearly one-tenth of the French adult male population had been killed or wounded) had made many see the absurdity of existence. This was also the period when the Lost Generation took hold: rich Americans enjoying the liberties of Prohibition-free France in the 1920s and poor G.I.'s going abroad for the first time. Paris was also, for African-Americans, amazingly free of the racial restrictions found in America (James Baldwin, Richard Wright, Josephine Baker). The term Lost Generation was coined by Gertrude Stein to refer to a group of American literary notables who lived in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s. ... Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... James Baldwin, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1955 James Baldwin (August 2, 1924 - December 1, 1987) was an African-American novelist and essayist, probably best known for his novel Go Tell it on the Mountain. ... frau ulrich is. ... Josephine Baker, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1949 Josephine Baker (June 3, 1906 - April 12, 1975), born Freda Josephine McDonald, was an African American dancer, actress and singer, sometimes known as the Black Venus. She became a French citizen in 1937. ...

When Dada reached Paris, it was avidly embraced by a group of young artists and writers who were fascinated with the writings of Sigmund Freud, and particularly by the notion of the unconscious mind. The provocative spirit of Dada became linked to the exploration of the unconscious mind through the use of automatic writing, chance operations and, in some cases, altered states. The surrealists quickly turned to painting and sculpture. The shock of unexpected elements, the use of frottage, collage and decalcomania, the rendering of mysterious landscapes and dreamscapes were to become the key techniques through the rest of the 1930s. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - September 23, 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology, a movement that popularized the theory that unconscious motives control much behavior. ... The unconscious mind (or subconscious) is the aspect or aspects of the mind of which we are not directly conscious or aware. ... For an article about surrealist Automatic writing go to surrealist automatism. ... This article is about the art technique. ... Collage is the assemblage of different forms creating a new whole. ... Decalcomania is a surrealist technique originated by Oscar Dominguez (and called by him decalcomania with no preconceived object) in 1936 in which gouache is spread thinly on a sheet of paper or other surface (glass has been used), which is then pressed onto another surface such as a canvas. ...

World War II ended the feast. Many surrealists (like Yves Tanguy, Max Ernst, André Breton and André Masson fled occupied France for New York and the States (Duchamp had already been in the U.S. since 1936), but the cohesion and vibrancy were lost in the American geometric city. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Indefinite Divisibility 1942 Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955) was a surrealist painter. ... Max Ernst Max Ernst (April 2, 1891 – April 1, 1976) was a German painter. ... André Breton ( February 18, 1896 – September 28, 1966) was a French writer, poet, and surrealist theorist. ... André-Aimé-René Masson (January 4, 1896 - October 28, 1987) was a French artist. ...

Meanwhile a new generation of Americans were making art that finally owed nothing (or nearly so) to the old world.

Post World War II

The French art scene immediately after the war went roughly in two directions. There were those who continued in the artistic experiments, especially surrealism, from before the war, and there were those who took on the new Abstract Expressionism and action painting from New York and tried them in a French manner (Tachism or L'Art informel). Parallel to both of these tendencies, Jean Dubuffet dominated the early post-war years while exploring child-like drawings, graffiti and cartoons in a variety of media. This USPS stamp illustrates Pollocks drip technique. ... Jackson Pollock in 1950 Action painting, sometimes called gestural abstraction, is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied. ... Tachisme (alternative spelling: Tachism, derived from the French word tache - stain) was a French style of abstract painting in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (July 31, 1901 - May 12, 1985) was a French artist. ...

The late 1950s and early 1960s in France saw what might be considered Pop Art. Yves Klein had attractive nude women roll around in blue paint and throw themselves at canvases; Victor Vasarely invented Op-Art by designing sophisticated optical patterns; artists of the Fluxus movement like Ben Vautier incorporated graffiti and found objects into their work; Niki de Saint-Phalle created bloated and vibrant plastic figures; Arman gathered together found objects in boxed or resin-coated assemblages and César Baldaccini produced a series of large compressed object-scuptures (similar to Chamberlain's crushed automobiles). Pop art (popular art) is an artistic movement that rejected abstract expressionism, returning to figurative inspirations while incorporating themes and techniques drawn from mass culture. ... Yves Klein (28 April 1928 - 6 June 1962) was a French artist. ... Victor Vasarely (9th April 1908 - 15th March 1997) was a Hungarian-born artist often acclaimed as the father of Op-art. ... Op art is a term used to described certain paintings made primarily in the 1960s which exploit the fallibilty of the eye through the use of optical illusions. ... Fluxus (from to flow) is an art movement noted for the blending of different artistic disciplines, primarily visual art but also music and literature. ... Ben Vautier is a French Fluxus artist living and working in Nice. ... Graffiti is a type of deliberately inscribed marking made by humans on surfaces, both private and public. ... Niki de Saint Phalle Niki de Saint Phalle, n e Catherine Marie-Agnes Fal de Saint Phalle (October 29, 1930 - May 21, 2002) was a French sculptor, painter, and film maker. ... Arman ( November 17, 1928, Nice - ), born Armand Pierre Fernandez, is a French painter and sculptor. ...

In May 1968, the radical youth movement, through their attelier populaire, produced a great deal of poster-art protesting the moribund policies of president Charles de Gaulle. May 1968 poster: Be young and shut up In May 1968 a general insurrection broke out across France. ... Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (November 22, 1890 – November 9, 1970), in France commonly referred to as général de Gaulle, was a French military leader and statesman. ...

Many contemporary artists continue to be haunted by the horrors of the war and the specter of the holocaust. Christian Boltanski's harrowing installations of the lost and the anonymous are particularly powerful. Christian Boltanski is a French photographer, sculptor and installation artist. ...

French artists

See also European art history, Art history and History of Painting. Medieval Art Main article: Medieval art Art during Medieval times was almost exclusively concerned with Christianity. ... Art history usually refers to the history of the visual arts. ... Prehistoric painting cave painting Ancient painting Medieval painting The Renaissance Early Renaissance painting Renaissance Classicism Italian Renaissance painting Northern European Renaissance painting High Renaissance painting Mannerism Baroque Early Baroque High Baroque 18th Century Rococo Neoclassicism 19th Century Romanticism Academic art Realism Naturalism Impressionism Symbolism Post-Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Art Nouveau...

Middle Ages

See also Middle Ages, Gothic architecture, Illuminated manuscript The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Gothic architecture characterizes any of the styles of European architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, in use throughout Europe during the high and late medieval period, from the 12th century onwards. ... An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript, often of a religious nature, in which the text is supplemented by the addition of colourful ornamentation, such as decorated initials, borders and the like. ...

• Villard de Honnecourt (1200s) other media.
• Jean Pucelle (active 1325-28) other media.
• Claus Sluter (Dutch, worked in Burgundy from 1395-1406) sculptor.
• the Limbourg brothers (Pol and Hermann) (Flemish artists working in Burgundy around 1403-1416) other media.

The surviving portfolio of drawings (ca 1230s?) by Villard de Honnecourt, possibly a 13th century itinerant master-builder of Picardy in northern France, is in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris (MS Fr 19093). ... Claus Sluter was a fourteenth century Burgundian sculptor. ... Très riches heures du Duc de Berry: Aout (August) (1412-16) Illumination on vellum, 22,5 x 13,6 cm The Limbourg Brothers, or in Dutch Gebroeders Van Limburg (Paul, Herman and Jannequin), were famous Dutch medieval painters from the city of Nijmegen. ...

Renaissance

See also Renaissance, Francis I of France, Henri II of France, Catherine de Medici, Henri III of France, Henri IV of France, Louvre, Fontainebleau, Châteaux of the Loire Valley. By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance -French Renaissance -German Renaissance -English Renaissance The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. ... Francis I (French: François Ier) (September 12, 1494 – July 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (French: le Père et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Henry II of France Henry II (French: Henri II) (March 31, 1519 - July 10, 1559), a member of the Valois Dynasty, was King of France from 1547 until his death. ... Catherine de Medici (April 13, 1519–January 5, 1589), born in Italy as Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de Medici, and later queen of France under the French name Catherine de M dicis, was the wife of King Henry II of France, of the Valois branch of the kings of... Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 - August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ... By Frans Pourbus the younger. ... The main courtyard of the Louvre. ... The central range of Fontainebleau The Royal Château of Fontainebleau (in the Seine-et-Marne département), the largest of the French royal châteaux, introduced to France the Italian Mannerist style in interior decoration and in gardens, and transformed them in the translation. ... The châteaux of the Loire Valley (Val de Loire) number more than 300. ...

• Jacques Morel (c.1395-1459) sculptor.
• Pierre Antoine Le Moiturier (active in the 1460s) sculptor.
• Simon Marmion (c.1420-1489) Illuminations
• Jean Fouquet (1425-1481) painter, Illuminations
• Nicolas Froment (c.1450 — c.1490) painter.
• Jean Juste (active 1515-1530) sculptor.
• Jean Clouet (c.1485-1541) (Flemish born) painter, Miniatures
• Jean Duvet (c.1485-c.1570) engraver.
• Jean Cousin the younger (1490-1561) painter, engraver, sculptor.
• Ligier Richier (1500-1567) sculptor.
• Philibert Delorme (or de L'Orme) (1505/1510-1570) sculptor, Architectural plans
• Pierre Bontemps (1505/1510-after 1562) sculptor.
• Jean Goujon (c.1510-1565?) sculptor.
• Jacques Androuet du Cerceau (c1510-1585) Architectural plans
• Bernard Palissy (1510-1590) Master potter
• François Clouet (c.1515-1572) (son of Jean Clouet) painter.
• Pierre Lescot (c.1515-1578) sculptor, Architect
• Jean Decourt (active 1570s) painter.
• François Quesnel (active 1580s) painter.
• Jacques Patin (active 1580s) engraver.
• Antoine Caron (c.1521-1599) painter.
• Germain Pilon (c.1535-1590) sculptor.
• Ambroise Dubois (c.1542-1614) (Flemish born) painter.
• Barthélemy Prieur (c.1559-1616) sculptor.
• Toussaint Dubreuil (c.1561-1602) painter.
• Martin Fréminet (1567-1619) painter.
• Frans Pourbus the younger (1569-1622) (Flemish born) painter.
• Jacques Bellange (1575-1616) (in Lorraine) engraver.
• Claude Deruet (1588-1660) (in Lorraine) painter.

Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels (c. ... Jean Clouet (d. ... Philibert de lOrme (c. ... Bernard Palissy. ... François Clouet (died 22 December 1572) was a French miniaturist. ... Pierre Lescot (c. ... Categories: Stub | Flemish painters ...

17th Century

See also Louis XIII of France, Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIV of France, Palace of Versailles, Classicism, Baroque. Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. ... Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ... (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638 – September 1,rance]] and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe The Château de Versailles — often called the Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles — is a royal château, outside the gates of which the village of Versailles, France, has... Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint The Baroque was a style in art that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce...

• Simon Vouet (1590-1649) painter.
• Jacques Callot (1592-1635) (in Lorraine) engraver.
• Georges de La Tour (1593-1652) painter.
• Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) painter.
• Antoine Le Nain (before 1600-?) painter.
• Louis Le Nain (after 1600-?) painter.
• Abraham Bosse (1602-1676) engraver.
• Mathieu Le Nain (1607-c.1677) painter.
• Claude Gelée, called Claude Lorraine (1600-1682) painter.
• Philippe de Champaigne (1602-1674)
• Laurent de La Hyre (1606-1565) painter.
• Pierre Mignard (1612-1695) painter.
• André Le Nôtre (1613-1700) Landscape architect
• Eustache Le Sueur (1616-1655) painter.
• Sébastien Bourdon (1616-1671) painter.
• Charles Le Brun (1619-1690) painter, other media.
• Pierre Paul Puget (1620-1694) sculptor.
• François Girardon (1628-1715) sculptor.
• Charles de la Fosse (1636-1716) painter.
• Antoine Coysevox (1640-1720) sculptor.
• Jean Jouvenet (1644-1717) painter.
• François de Troy (1645-1730) painter.
• Nicolas de Largillière (1656-1746) painter.
• Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) painter.
• Antoine Coypel (1661-1722) sculptor.
• François Desportes (1661-1743) painter.

Vouets allegory La Richesse was painted ca 1640 for one of the royal chateaux of France (Louvre) Simon Vouet (1590 - 1649) was the French painter and draftsman who introduced the Italian Baroque style to France. ... Jacques Callot (c. ... Georges de La Tour (1593 - 1652) was a French painter. ... Et in Arcadia ego by Nicolas Poussin. ... Categories: Stub | 1604 births | 1676 deaths | Engravers ... Seaport by Claude Lorrain Claude Lorrain (Lorraine, c1604 - Rome, November 23, 1682) was a French painter considered to be one of the greatest landscape painters. ... Ex Voto (1662) by Philippe de Champaigne Philippe de Champaigne (26 May 1602 - 12 August 1674) was a Baroque era painter of the French school. ... Pierre Mignard (1610-1695), called—to distinguish him from his brother Nicholas— Le Romain, was a French painter. ... Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of king Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ... Eustache Le Sueur (November 19, 1617 - April 30, 1655), one of the founders of the French Academy of painting, was born at Paris, where he passed his whole life. ... Charles Le Brun Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. ... Pierre Paul Puget (October 31, 1622 - December 2, 1694), French painter, sculptor, architect and engineer, was born at Marseilles. ... François Girardon (March 17, 1628 - September 1, 1715) was a French sculptor. ... Charles Antoine Coysevox (September 29, 1640 - October 10, French sculptor, was born at Lyons, and belonged to a family which had emigrated from Spain. ... Jean Jouvenet (1647 - April 5, 1717), French painter, born at Rouen, came of a family of artists, one of whom had taught Poussin. ... Nicolas de Largillière (October 20, 1656 - March 20, 1746), French painter, was born at Paris. ... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Hyacinthe Rigaud (July 20, 1659 - December 27, 1743) was a French painter. ... Antoine Coypel (1661 - 1722), son of the French painter Noël Coypel, was still more celebrated than his father. ...

18th Century

See also Palace of Versailles, Louis XV of France, Madame de Pompadour, Rococo, Louis XVI of France, Neoclassicism, Enlightenment, Gobelins. For art criticism, see Denis Diderot. Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe The Château de Versailles — often called the Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles — is a royal château, outside the gates of which the village of Versailles, France, has... Louis XV King of France and Navarre Louis XV (February 15, 1710 - May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was king of France from 1715 to 1774. ... Madame de Pompadour, an engraving after her portrait by François Boucher1756 Madame de Pompadour (December 29, 1721 - April 15, 1764) was the famous mistress of King Louis XV of France. ... The Rococo Basilica at Ottobeuren (Bavaria): architectural spaces flow together and swarm with life The Rococo style developed as a relief from formalities of Late Baroque interiors. ... Louis XVI (August 23, 1754 – January 21, 1793), was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French in 1791-1792. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... For the period in European history, The Age of Enlightenment For the corresponding movement in the European Jewish community, see Haskalah. ... Gobelin was the name of a family of dyers, who in all probability came originally from Reims, and who in the middle of the 15th century established themselves in the Faubourg Saint Marcel, Paris, on the banks of the Bièvre. ... Portrait of Diderot by Louis-Michel van Loo, 1767 Denis Diderot (October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French writer and philosopher. ...

• Jean-François de Troy (1679-1752) (son of François) painter
• Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) painter.
• Jean-Marc Nattier (1685-1766) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686-1755) painter.
• Nicolas Lancret (1690-1743) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste François Pater (1695-1736) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin (1699-1779) painter.
• Charles Joseph Natoire (1700-1777) painter.
• Louis-François Roubiliac (1702-1762) sculptor.
• Jean Etienne Liotard (1702-1789) painter.
• François Boucher (1703-1770) painter, engraver.
• Maurice Quentin de La Tour (1704-1788) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (1704-1778) painter, sculptor.
• Charles André Van Loo (Carle Van Loo) (1705-1765) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (1714-1785) sculptor.
• Claude Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Perronneau (1715-1783) painter.
• Etienne-Maurice Falconet (1716-1791) sculptor.
• Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) painter.
• François-Hubert Drouais (Drouais le fils) (1727-1775) painter.
• Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732-1806) painter.
• Jean-Jacques Durameau (1733-1796) painter.
• Hubert Robert (1733-1808) painter, engraver.
• Nicolas Bernard Lépicié (1735-1784) painter.
• Jean Antoine Houdon (1741-1828) sculptor.
• Jean Michel Moreau (Moreau the younger) (1741-1814) engraver.
• Jacques Louis David (1748-1825) painter.
• Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun (1755-1842) painter.

Jean-Antoine Watteau (October 10, 1684 _ July 18, 1721) was a French painter. ... Battle of Lesnaya by Jean-Marc Nattier, 1717 Jean-Marc Nattier (1685 - 1766), French painter, was born in Paris, the son of Marc Nattier, a portrait painter, and of Marie Courtois, a miniaturist. ... Nicolas Lancret (January 22, 1690 - September 14, 1743), French painter, was born in Paris, and became a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society under the regent Orleans. ... Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (November 2, 1699 – December 6, 1779) is considered by some to be the greatest of the 18th-century French painters. ... Louis-François Roubiliac (more correctly Roubillac) (1695 - January 11, 1762), French sculptor, was born at Lyons and became a pupil of Balthasar of Dresden and of Nicolas Coustou. ... Rinaldo and Armida gained Bouchers admission to the Académie royale François Boucher (1703 in Bordeaux – May 30, 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste, known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories representing the arts or pastoral occupations, and several portraits of... Maurice Quentin de La Tour (1704-1788) was a French portrait painter, who worked primarily with pastels. ... Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (1704-1778), French sculptor, was the pupil of his father, Jean-Louis Lemoyne, and of Robert Le Lorrain. ... Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (January 26, 1714 - August 28, 1785), French sculptor, was born in Paris. ... Claude Joseph Vernet (August 14, 1714 _ December 3, 1789), French painter, was born at Avignon. ... Falconets awesome statue of Peter I has become one of the symbols of St Petersburg Etienne Maurice Falconet (1716-1791), is counted among the first rank of French Rococo sculptors, patronized by Mme de Pompadour. ... Joseph-Marie Vien (June 18, 1716 - March 27, 1809), French painter, was born at Montpellier. ... Jean-Baptiste Greuze (August 21, 1725 - March 4, 1805), French painter, was born at Tournus, in Burgundy. ... The Bathers, 1765 Jean-Honoré Fragonard (April 5, 1732 – August 22, 1806) was a French painter. ... Hubert Robert (1753 - April 15, 1808), French artist, was born at Paris. ... Jean-Antoine Houdon (March 20, 1741 - July 15, 1828) was a French sculptor. ... Self portrait Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 - December 29, 1825), most usually known as David (pronounced Dah-veed rather than Day-vid), was a French painter. ... Self-portrait, 1782 Marie Louise Elisabeth Vigée (April 16, 1755 - March 30, 1842) was an important French painter. ...

19th Century (From Romanticism To Impressionism)

See also French Revolution, Napoleon I, Romanticism, Barbizon school, Naturalism, Symbolism (arts), Impressionism, Academic art, Napoleon III of France, Photography, Modernism. The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas; it originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... The Barbizon school of painters is named after the village of Barbizon near Fontainebleau Forest, France. ... -1... La mort du fossoyeur by Carlos Schwabe is a visual compendium of Symbolist motifs. ... Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a private association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ... Academic art was an art movement, and a style of painting that was in fashion in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808, Paris - January 9, 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, England) was a President of France, and later, Emperor of the French. ... Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. ... Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, 1929-30: The modern style is noted for its rigorous geometrical forms, and became adopted internationally, though not without continuing controversy Modernism in the cultural historical sense is generally defined as the new artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as...

• Jean-Baptiste Regnault (1754-1829)
• Pierre Proudhon (1758-1823) painter.
• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765-1833) photographer.
• Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (1767-1824) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Isabey (1767-1855) painter.
• Antoine Jean Gros (1771-1835) painter.
• Pierre Narcisse Guérin (1771-1833) painter.
• Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867) painter.
• François Rude (1784-1855) sculptor.
• Louis-Jacques Daguerre (1787-1851) photographer.
• Horace Vernet (1789-1863) painter.
• Jules Robert Auguste (c.1789-1850) painter.
• Théodore Géricault (1791-1824) painter.
• Nicolas Toussaint Charlet (1792-1845) painter.
• Antoine-Louis Barye (1795-1875) sculptor.
• Ary Scheffer (1795-1858) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875) painter.
• Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) painter.
• Achille Devéria (1800-1857) painter, engraver.
• Paul Huet (1803-1869) painter.
• Grandville (Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard, called) (1803-1847) engraver.
• Eugène Isabey (1804-1886) painter.
• Denis Auguste Marie Raffet (1804-1860) painter.
• Edouard Vienot (born 1804) painter.
• Hippolyte Bayard (1807-1887) photographer.
• Honoré Daumier (1808-1879) painter, engraver.
• Louis Boulanger (1808-1867) painter.
• Narcisse Virgile Diaz de la Peña (1808-1878) (Born in Spain) painter.
• Auguste Préault (1809-1879) sculptor.
• Ignace François Bonhomme (1809-1881) painter.
• Constant Troyon (1810-1865) painter.
• Jules Dupré (1811-1889) painter.
• Théodore Rousseau (1812-1867) painter.
• Boissard de Boisdenier (1813-1866) painter.
• Charles Jacque (1813-1894) painter.
• Jean-François Millet (1814-1875) painter.
• Thomas Couture (1815-1879) painter.
• Charles Marville (1816-1879) painter, engraver, photographer.
• Antoine Chantreuil (1816-1873) painter.
• Charles François Daubigny (1817-1878) painter.
• Johan Barthold Jongkind (1819-1891) (Dutch, worked in France) painter.
• Théodore Chassériau (1819-1856) painter.
• Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) painter.
• Eugène Fromentin (1820-1876) painter.
• Nadar (Gaspard Félix Tournachon, called "Nadar") (1820-1910) photographer.
• Charles Maryon (1821-1868) engraver.
• Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899) painter.
• Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889) painter.
• Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904) painter.
• Théodule Ribot (1824-1891) painter.
• Eugène Boudin (1824-1898) painter.
• Pierre Puvis de Chavannes(1824-1898) painter.
• William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) painter.
• Gustave Moreau (1826-1898) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux (1827-1875) sculptor.
• Elie Delaunay (1828-1891) painter.

Jean-Baptiste Regnault (October 9, 1754 - November 12, 1829), French painter, was born at Paris. ... Pierre Paul Prudhon (1758 - 1823) was a French Romantic painter. ... Nicéphore Niépces first photograph, circa 1826 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (March 7, 1765 – July 5, 1833) was a French inventor, most noted as a pioneer in photography. ... Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (January 5, 1767 - December 9, French painter, was born at Montargis. ... Jean-Baptiste Isabey (April 11, 1767 - 1853), French painter, was born at Nancy. ... Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros (1771 - June 25, 1835), French painter, was born at Paris. ... Pierre-Narcisse, baron Guérin (May 13, 1774 - July 6, 1833), French painter, was born at Paris. ... Self-portrait at age 24, 1804 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (August 29, 1780 – January 14, 1867) was a French painter. ... François Rude: 1888 engraving François Rude (June 4, 1784 - November 3, 1855) was a French sculptor. ... Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787 - 1851) was the Basque artist and chemist who is recognized for his invention of the Daguerreotype process of photography. ... Émile Jean-Horace Vernet (June 30, 1789 - January 17, 1863) was a French painter of battle panoramas, sporting, and Arab themes. ... Théodore Géricaults Insane Théodore Géricault (September 26, 1791 in Rouen, Normandy - January 26, 1824) was a famous French painter, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings. ... Nicolas Toussaint Charlet (December 20, 1792 - October 30, 1845), French designer and painter, more especially of military subjects, was born in Paris. ... Antoine-Louis Barye (September 24, 1796 _ June 25, 1875) was a French sculptor. ... Ary Scheffer (February 10, 1795 _ June 15, 1858), French painter of Dutch extraction, was born at Dordrecht. ... Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (portrait by Nadar) Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 26, 1796 – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter. ... Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar) Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( April 26, 1798 - August 13, 1863) was an important painter from the French romantic period. ... Achille Jacques-Jean-Marie Devéria (February 6, 1800 - December 23, 1857) was a French painter and lithographer. ... Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard (September 13, 1803 - March 17, 1847), French caricaturist, generally known by the pseudonym of Grandville the professional name of his grandparents, who were actors was born at Nancy. ... Denis Auguste Marie Raffet (1804-1860), French illustrator and lithographer, was born in Paris. ... Edouard Viénot was a successful society portrait painter with a studio at 92 rue de la Victoire, Paris. ... Hippolyte Bayard (January 20, 1807 - 1887) was one of the earliest photographers in the history of photography, inventing his own photography process known as direct positive printing and presenting the worlds first public exhibition of photographs on June 24, 1839. ... Honoré Daumier (portrait by Nadar) Honoré Daumier ( 1808 - 1879) was a French caricaturist and painter. ... Constant Troyon (August 28, 1810 - February 21, 1865), French painter, was born on Sévres, near Paris, where his father was connected with the famous manufactory of china. ... Jules Dupré (1812 - 1889), French painter, was one of the chief members of the Barbizon school of romantic landscape painters. ... Pierre Étienne Théodore Rousseau (April 15, 1812 - December 22, 1867), French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. ... The Sower. ... Thomas Couture (December 21, 1815 - March 30, 1879) was an influential French history painter and teacher. ... Charles_François Daubigny (portrait by Nadar) Charles-François Daubigny (Paris, February 15, 1817 - Paris, February 19, 1878) was one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of impressionism. ... The Seine and Notre-Dame in Paris, 1864, Johan Jongkind, Musée dOrsay, Paris. ... Théodore Chassériau (1819-1856), French painter, was born in Santo Domingo. ... Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 – December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ... Eugène Fromentin (December, 1820 - August 27, 1876) was a French painter. ... Nadar was the pseudonym of Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (1820-1910), a photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist. ... Categories: Artist stubs | 1822 births | 1899 deaths | French painters ... Alexandre Cabanel (September 28, 1823 _ January 23, 1889) was a painter born in United States. ... Jean-Léon Gérôme ( May 11, 1824 - 1904) was a French painter and sculptor who produced many works in a historical, Orientalist style. ... Rivage de Portrieux, Cotes-du-Nord by Eugène Boudin. ... Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, (December 14, 1824 - October 24, 1898) was a French painter. ... Le Printemps, 1866 Adolphe William Bouguereau (November 30, 1825 - August 19, 1905) was a French academic painter. ... Orpheus by Gustave Moreau (1865) Gustave Moreau (April 6, 1826 - April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. ... Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, sometimes called Jules Carpeaux (May 11, 1827 - October 12, 1875) was a French sculptor who studied under Fran ois Rude. ... Jules-Élie Delaunay (June 13, 1828 - September 5, 1891) was a French painter. ...

19th Century (From Impressionism to Fauvism)

See also Modern art, Modernism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Les Nabis, Fauvism, Symbolism (arts), Symbolist painters, Art Nouveau, Primitivism (art). For the psychedelic rock band, see The Modern Art. ... Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, 1929-30: The modern style is noted for its rigorous geometrical forms, and became adopted internationally, though not without continuing controversy Modernism in the cultural historical sense is generally defined as the new artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as... Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a private association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ... A Hundred Years of Independence by Henri Rousseau Post-impressionism is a term applied to painting styles of the late 19th and early 20th centuries — after impressionism. ... Les Nabis, Art Movement In 1888-89, Les Nabis originated as a rebellious group of young student artists who banded together at the Académie Julian in Paris, France. ... The Dessert: Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse Les Fauves (French for wild beasts), a short-lived movement of early Modernist art, emphasized paint itself and the use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism, even with its focus on light and the moment. ... La mort du fossoyeur by Carlos Schwabe is a visual compendium of Symbolist motifs. ... Symbolist painters were part of a 19th century movement in which art became infused with mysticism, and by the closely allied Symbolist movement in literature. ... Alfons Mucha, lithographed poster Dancel (1898). ... Primitivism is an artistic movement that looks to early human history and non-Western or childrens art for inspiration and makes use of themes or stylistic elements from prehistory and tribal cultures. ...

• Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) painter.
• Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) photographer.
• Edouard Manet (1832-1883) painter.
• Gustave Doré (1832-1883) engraver.
• Edgar Degas (1834-1917) painter, sculptor.
• Henri Fantin-Latour (1836-1904) painter.
• Jules Chéret (1836-1932) painter, other media.
• Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) painter.
• Odilon Redon (1840-1916) painter, engraver and pastels
• Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) sculptor.
• Claude Monet (1840-1926) painter
• Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) painter.
• Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870) painter.
• Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) painter.
• Henri Rousseau (“Le Douanier Rousseau”) (1844-1910) painter.
• Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894) painter.
• Jules Bastien-Lepage (1848-1884) painter.
• Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) painter, sculptor.
• Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) (Dutch, worked in France) painter.
• Eugène Atget (Jean-Eugène Auguste Atget) (1857-1927) photographer.
• Georges-Pierre Seurat (1859-1891) painter.
• Antoine Bourdelle (1861-1929) sculptor.
• Aristide Maillol (1861-1944) sculptor.
• Louis Vivin (1861-1936) painter.
• Antonio de la Gandara (1861-1917) painter.
• Paul Signac (1863-1935) painter.
• Henri Marie de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) painter.
• Paul Sérusier (1864-1927) painter.
• Paul Ranson (1864-1909) painter.
• Suzanne Valadon (1865-1938) painter.
• Felix Vallotton (1865-1925) (Swiss, worked in France) engraver.
• Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947) painter.
• Ker Xavier Roussel (1867-1944) painter.
• Hector Guimard (1867-1942) Architect and Decorator
• Edouard Jean Vuillard (1868-1940) painter.
• Georges Lacombe (1868-1916) sculptor.
• Emile Bernard (1868-1941) painter.
• Henri Matisse (1869-1954) painter, other media.
• Adolf de Meyer (1869-1949) photographer.
• Maurice Denis (1870-1943) painter.

The garden at Pontoise, painted 1877. ... (1830-1904) Significant to the development of cardiology, physical instrumentation, aviation, cinematography and the science of labor photography. ... Édouard Manet (portrait by Nadar) Édouard Manet (January 23, 1832 - April 30, 1883) was a noted French painter. ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1855) Paul Gustave Doré (January 6, 1832 – January 23, 1883) was a French artist, engraver, and illustrator. ... Edgar Degas (July 19, 1834 – September 27, 1917) was a Faggot buttlicker and ballsucker. ... Henri Fantin-Latour (January 14, 1836 - August 25, 1904) was a French painter and lithographer. ... Jules Chéret, born May 31, 1836 – died September 23, 1932, was a French painter and lithographer who became a master of poster art. ... Vase of Flowers (1876) Oil on canvas Paul Cézanne (January 19, 1839 – October 22, 1906) was a French painter who represents the bridge from impressionism to cubism. ... Odilon Redon (April 22, 1840 - July 6, 1916) was a symbolist painter. ... Rodins The Burghers of Calais in Calais, France. ... Oscar-Claude Monet (November 14, 1840 _ December 5, 1926), French impressionist painter. ... Pierre-Auguste Renoir Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841 - December 3, 1919) was a French artist who painted in the impressionist style. ... 1865 – 1866. ... Berthé Morisot in a portrait by Édouard Manet, 1872 Berthe Morisot (January 14, 1841 – March 2, 1895) was an impressionist painter. ... The Repast of the Lion Henri Rousseau (May 21, 1844 - September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. ... Self portrait Gustave Caillebotte (August 19, 1848 - February 21, 1894), was a French painter and supporter of the Impressionist movement in art. ... Jules Bastien-Lepage (November 1, 1848 - November 10, 1884), French painter, was born in the village of Damvillers, Meuse and spent his childhood there. ... Paul Gauguin (June 7, 1848 - May 9, 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ... Self-portrait (1886) Vincent Willem van Gogh (March 30, 1853–July 29, 1890) was a Dutch painter, generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history. ... Eugène Atget (1857 - 1927) was a French photographer noted for his naturalistic photographs of and in the city of Paris. ... Le Chahut was painted by Seurat from 1889 to 1890. ... Antoine Bourdelle (October 30, 1861 _ October 1, 1929) was a French sculptor and teacher. ... Aristide Maillol. ... Antonio de La Gandara (December 16, 1861 - June 30, 1917) was a painter, pastellist and draughtsman. ... Paul Signac (November 11, 1863 - August 15, 1935) was a French Neoimpressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped create Pointillism. ... Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. ... Photo of Paul Sérusier Paul Sérusier (1864, Paris – 1927, Morlaix) was a post-impressionist French painter associated with the les Nabis artists. ... Paul Ranson (1864 - Paris, February 20, 1909) was a French painter and writer. ... Suzanne Valadon (September 23, 1865 - April 7, 1938) was a French painter. ... Félix Vallotton was a Franco-Swiss painter, engraver, illustrator and writer (Lausanne 1865-Paris 1925). ... Pierre Bonnard (October 3, 1867 - January 23, 1947) was a French painter and printmaker. ... Abbesses station - one of the art nouveau metro station entrances designed by Hector Guimard The name of Hector Guimard (March 10, 1867 - May 20, 1942), who designed the glass and cast-iron Art Nouveau entrances for the Paris Metro, 1899-1902, is synonymous with the style metro in France. ... Jean-Édouard Vuillard (November 11, 1868 - June 21, 1940) was a French painter and printmaker. ... Georges Lacombe (June 18, 1868 - June 29, 1916) was a French sculptor and painter. ... Émile Bernard (1868-April 16, 1941) was a French painter who worked with such artists as Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne. ... Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt (1906). ... Maurice Denis (November 25, 1870 – November 1943) was a French painter and writer and a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. ...

20th Century (Pre World War II)

See also Modern art, Modernism, Cubism, Puteaux Group, Dada, Surrealism. For the psychedelic rock band, see The Modern Art. ... Le Corbusiers Villa Savoye, 1929-30: The modern style is noted for its rigorous geometrical forms, and became adopted internationally, though not without continuing controversy Modernism in the cultural historical sense is generally defined as the new artistic and literary styles that emerged in the decades before 1914 as... Woman with a guitar by Georges Braque, 1913 Cubist house in Prague Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ... The Puteaux Group is the name applied to a group of European artists and critics associated with Cubism but because of their unique style, were branded a Cubist offshoot called Orphism. ... Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. ... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the unconscious. ...

• Georges Rouault (1871-1958) painter.
• Frantisek Kupka (1871-1957) (Czech, worked in France) painter.
• Henri-Charles Manguin (1874-1943) painter.
• Jacques Villon (1875-1963) sculptor.
• Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957) (French, born in Romania) sculptor.
• Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958) (Flemish, worked in France) painter.
• Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918) sculptor.
• Raoul Dufy (1877-1953) painter.
• Jean Crotti (1878-1958) (Swiss) painter.
• Louis Marcoussis (1878-1941) (Polish, worked in France)
• Francis Picabia (1879-1953) painter.
• André Derain (1880-1954) painter.
• Albert Gleizes (1881-1952) painter.
• Henri Le Fauconnier (1881-1946) painter.
• Fernand Léger (1881-1955) painter.
• Georges Braque (1882-1963) painter.
• Auguste Herbin (1882-1960) painter.
• Jean Metzinger (1883-1956) painter, engraver.
• Louis Marcoussis (Louis Markus) (1883-1941) (Born in Poland) painter.
• Marc Laurencin (1883-1956) painter.
• Maurice Utrillo (1883-1955) painter.
• Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (1884-1974) painter.
• Jacques Maroger (1884-1962) painter.
• Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) painter.
• Marie Laurencin (1885-1956) painter.
• Pierre Brissaud (1885-1964) painter.
• Roger de la Fresnaye (1885-1925) painter.
• Amédée Ozenfant (1886-1956)
• Jean (Hans) Arp (1886-1966) painter, sculptor.
• Marc Chagall (1887-1985) (Born in Belarus) painter.
• Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) painter, sculptor, other media.
• Suzanne Duchamp-Crotti (1889-1963) painter.
• Ossip Zadkine (1890-1967) (Russian born) sculptor.
• Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973) (Born in Poland) sculptor.
• Max Ernst (1891-1976) painter, sculptor.
• Bram Van Velde (1892-1981) (Dutch, worked in France) painter.
• Chaïm Soutine (1894-1943) (Born in Lithuania) painter.
• Jacques Henri Lartigue (1894-1986) photographer.
• André Masson (1896-1987) painter.
• Jean Fautrier (1898-1964) painter.
• Gen Paul (1898-1975) painter, engraver.
• Henri Michaux (1899-1984) (Belgian) painter.
• Brassaï (Gyula Halasz) (1899-1984) (born in Hungary) photographer.
• Yves Tanguy (1900-1955) (Naturalized American) painter.
• Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985) painter.
• Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966) (Swiss, worked in Paris) sculptor.
• Hans Bellmer (1902-1975) (French, Born in Germany) sculptor, photographer, engraver.

Georges Rouault (27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958) was a French Fauvist and Expressionist painter. ... František Kupka (September 23, 1871 - June 24, 1957) was a Czech painter. ... Jacques Villon (July 31, 1875 - June 9, 1963) was a French Cubist painter and printmaker. ... Constantin Brancusi (February 19, 1876 - March 16, 1957), originally Constantin Brâncuşi, is the most famous Romanian sculptor, born in Hobiţa, Gorj, near Târgu Jiu, where he placed his sculptural ensemble with The Table of Silence, The Gate of the Kiss and The Endless Column. ... Maurice de Vlaminck French artist, (1876–1958) Categories: Stub | 1876 births | 1958 deaths | French painters | Modern artists ... Raymond Duchamp-Villon (November 5, 1876 - October 9, 1918) was a French sculptor. ... Raoul Dufy (June 3, 1877 - March 23, 1953) was a French Fauvist painter born in Le Havre in Normandy. ... Jean Crotti (April 24, 1878 - January 30, 1958) was a French painter. ... Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia (January 28, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish father who was an attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris, France. ... Charing Cross Bridge, London (1906) André Derain ( June 10, 1880 - September 8, 1954) was a French painter and illustrator. ... Albert Gleizes, born December 8, 1881 _ died June 23, 1953 was a French painter. ... Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (February 4, 1881 - August 17, 1955) was an artist. ... Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910 (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art) Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 – August 31, 1963) was a French painter and sculptor, and with Pablo Picasso one of the inventors of Cubism. ... Le Cateau-Cambrésis by Auguste Herbin - 1921 Auguste Herbin (April 29, 1882 - January 30/31, 1960) was a French painter. ... Jean Metzinger (1883-1956) was a French painter. ... Maurice Utrillo, born Maurice Valadon, (December 25, 1883 - November 5, 1955) was a French Painter. ... Jacques Maroger (1884 - 1962) was a painter and the technical director of the Louvre Museums laboratory in Paris, France. ... Robert Delaunay (born April 12, 1885 in Paris, France; died October 25, 1941 in Montpellier, France), French impressionist artist. ... Categories: Stub | 1883 births | 1956 deaths | French painters ... Pierre Brissaud (December 23, 1885- 1964) was a French Art Deco illustrator, painter and engraver. ... Amedee Ozenfant (1886 - 1966) was a French cubist painter. ... Jean Arp (September 16, 1886 - June 7, 1966) was a sculptor, painter, and poet. ... Marc Chagall as photographed in 1941 by Carl Van Vechten Marc Chagall (July 7, 1887 – March 28, 1985) was a Belarusian painter of Jewish origin. ... Marcel Duchamp (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French/American artist. ... Suzanne Duchamp (1889 - September 11, 1963) was a French Dadaist painter. ... Ossip Zadkine (July 14, 1890 - November 25, 1967) - artist and sculptor. ... Jacques Lipchitz (August 22, 1891 - May 16, 1973) was a Cubist sculptor. ... Max Ernst Max Ernst (April 2, 1891 – April 1, 1976) was a German painter. ... Chaim Soutine ( 1894 – August 8, 1944) was an expressionist painter. ... Jacques Henri Lartigue was a French photographer and painter. ... André-Aimé-René Masson (January 4, 1896 - October 28, 1987) was a French artist. ... Gen Paul, born Eugène Paul on July 2, 1898 in Montmartre, France - died on April 30, 1975 in Paris, France, was a painter and engraver. ... Henri Michaux (May 24, 1899 - October 18, 1984) was an important, highly individualistic French poet, writer and painter who was born and educated in Belgium. ... Brassaï was the pseudonym of Gyula Halász (1899-1984), a Parisian photographer. ... Indefinite Divisibility 1942 Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955) was a surrealist painter. ... Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (July 31, 1901 - May 12, 1985) was a French artist. ... Alberto Giacometti (October 10, 1901 _ January 11, 1966) was an important surrealist sculptor and painter. ... Categories: Stub | 1902 births | 1975 deaths | German painters | German sculptors ...

20th Century (Post World War II)

See also Modern art. For the psychedelic rock band, see The Modern Art. ...

• Hans Hartung (1904-1992) (Born in Germany) painter.
• Jean Hélion (1904-1987) painter.
• Pierre Tal-Coat (1905-1985) painter.
• Victor Vasarely (1908-1997) (Born in Hungary) painter.
• Balthus (Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, called "Balthus") (1908-2001) (Polish born) painter.
• Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004) photographer.
• Gaston Chaissac (1910-1964) painter, other media.
• Lucien Hervé (László Elkán) (1910-) photographer (Born in Hungary)
• Willy Ronis (1910-) photographer.
• Louise Bourgeois (1911-) (Lives in America) sculptor, other media.
• Robert Doisneau (1912-1994) photographer.
• Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze) (1913-1951) (German, worked in France) photographer.
• Nicolas de Staël (1914-1955) (French, Russian origin) painter.
• Pierre Soulages (1919- ) painter.
• Claude Bonin-Pissarro (1921-) painter.
• César Baldaccini (called "César") (1921- ) sculptor.
• Georges Mathieu (1921- ) painter.
• Simon Hantaï (1922-) (Born in Hungary) painter.
• Marc Riboud (1923-) photographer.
• Jean Tinguely (1925-1991) (Swiss) sculptor.
• François Morellet (1926- ) painter.
• Robert Filliou (1926-1987) other media.
• Bernard Buffet (1928-1999) painter.
• Arman (Armand Fernandez) (1928-) sculptor.
• Yves Klein (1928-1962) painter.
• Jean-Pierre Yvaral (dates?) (son of Vasarely) painter.
• Daniel Buren (1938- ) sculptor, painter.
• Jacques Villeglé (1926-) other media (ripped posters)
• Anne Poirier (1942- ) painter, other media.
• Patrick Poirier (1942- ) painter, other media.
• Niki de Saint-Phalle (1930-) sculptor.
• Ben Vautier (called “Ben”) (dates?) painter, other media.
• Christian Boltanski (1944- ) painter, photographer, other media, sculptor.
• Gérard Garouste (1946-) sculptor, painter, other media.
• Georges Rousse (1947-) photographer.
• Bettina Rheims (1952-) photographer.
• Sophie Calle (1953-) other media, photographer.
• Bernard Frize (1954-) painter.
• Robert Combas (1957-) painter.
• Pierre et Gilles (active since 1976) photographer.

Victor Vasarely (9th April 1908 - 15th March 1997) was a Hungarian-born artist often acclaimed as the father of Op-art. ... Balthazar Klossowski de Rola (February 29, 1908 in Paris – February 18, 2001) was an esteemed Polish/French modern artist whose work was ultimately anti-modern. ... Henri Cartier-Bresson (August 22, 1908 - August 3, 2004) was a French photographer. ... Lucien Hervé (b. ... Louise Bourgeois (born 1911) is a well-known artist and sculptor who was strongly influenced by surrealism. ... Robert Doisneau (April 14, 1912 - April 1, 1994), French photographer noted for his frank and often humorous depictions of Parisian street life. ... Wols, the pen name of Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze (May 27, 1913- September 1, 1951) was a German German painter and photographer. ... Marc Riboud is a French photographer born 1923 in Lyon. ... The Tinguely Fountain in front of the Tinguely Museum in Basel Jean Tinguely (May 22, 1925 - August 30, 1991) was a Swiss painter and sculptor. ... Bernard Buffet was an acclaimed French artist by the age of twenty, with a highly distinctive sketchy style. ... Arman ( November 17, 1928, Nice - ), born Armand Pierre Fernandez, is a French painter and sculptor. ... Yves Klein (28 April 1928 - 6 June 1962) was a French artist. ... Daniel Buren (born March 25, 1938) is a French conceptual artist. ... Niki de Saint Phalle Niki de Saint Phalle, n e Catherine Marie-Agnes Fal de Saint Phalle (October 29, 1930 - May 21, 2002) was a French sculptor, painter, and film maker. ... Ben Vautier is a French Fluxus artist living and working in Nice. ... Christian Boltanski is a French photographer, sculptor and installation artist. ... Georges Rousse (born 1947 in Paris) is a French photographer. ... Bettina Rheims (born in 1952) is a French artist and photographer. ... Sophie Calle is a French photographer, installation and conceptual artist. ... Pierre et Gilles, Pierre Commoy and Gilles Blanchard, are gay French artistic and romantic partners. ...

Artistic movements in France

The following is a chronological list of artistic movements or periods in France indicating artists who are sometimes associated or grouped with those movements. See also European art history, Art history and History of Painting and Art movement. Medieval Art Main article: Medieval art Art during Medieval times was almost exclusively concerned with Christianity. ... Art history usually refers to the history of the visual arts. ... Prehistoric painting cave painting Ancient painting Medieval painting The Renaissance Early Renaissance painting Renaissance Classicism Italian Renaissance painting Northern European Renaissance painting High Renaissance painting Mannerism Baroque Early Baroque High Baroque 18th Century Rococo Neoclassicism 19th Century Romanticism Academic art Realism Naturalism Impressionism Symbolism Post-Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Art Nouveau... An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time (usually a few months, years or decades). ...

School of Fontainebleau

The École de Fontainebleau was two periods of artistic production during the Renaissance centered around the Château of Fontainebleau. The Ecole de Fontainebleau refers to two periods of artistic production in France during the late Renaissance centered around the royal Château of Fontainebleau. ... The central range of Fontainebleau The Royal Château of Fontainebleau (in the Seine-et-Marne département), the largest of the French royal châteaux, introduced to France the Italian Mannerist style in interior decoration and in gardens, and transformed them in the translation. ...

First School (from 1531)

• Rosso Fiorentino (Giovanni Battista di Jacopo de' Rossi) (1494-1540) (Italian)
• Primaticcio (Francesco Primaticcio) (c.1505-1570) (Italian)
• Nicolò dell'Abate (c.1509-1571) (Italian)

Second School (from 1590s)

• Ambroise Dubois (c.1542-1614) (Flemish born)
• Toussaint Dubreuil (c.1561-1602)
• Martin Fréminet (1567-1619)

Classicism

See as well Louis XIV of France, Palace of Versailles, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Gobelins, Louis Le Vau, Jules Hardouin Mansart, Baroque. Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate. ... (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638 – September 1,rance]] and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe The Château de Versailles — often called the Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles — is a royal château, outside the gates of which the village of Versailles, France, has... Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (August 29, 1619 – September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance for 22 years under King Louis XIV. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy... Gobelin was the name of a family of dyers, who in all probability came originally from Reims, and who in the middle of the 15th century established themselves in the Faubourg Saint Marcel, Paris, on the banks of the Bièvre. ... Louis Le Vau (1612 – 1670) was a French architect who worked for Louis XIV of France. ... Jules Hardouin-Mansart, marble bust by Jean-Louis Lemoyne: a full-dress Baroque portrait bust demonstrates that the Kings architect is no mere craftsman Jules Hardouin-Mansart (Paris, April 16, 1646 – Marly, France, May 11, 1708) was a French architect whose work is generally considered to be the apex... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint The Baroque was a style in art that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce...

• Pierre Mignard (1612-1695)
• André Le Nôtre (1613-1700) Landscape architect
• Charles Le Brun (1619-1690)
• Pierre Paul Puget (1620-1694)
• François Girardon (1628-1715)
• Charles de la Fosse (1636-1716)
• Antoine Coysevox 1640-1720)
• Nicolas de Largillierre (1656-1746)
• Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743)
• Antoine Coypel (1661-1722)

Pierre Mignard (1610-1695), called—to distinguish him from his brother Nicholas— Le Romain, was a French painter. ... Painting of André Le Nôtre by Carlo Maratti André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 - September 15, 1700) was a landscape architect and the gardener of king Louis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. ... Charles Le Brun Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. ... Pierre Paul Puget (October 31, 1622 - December 2, 1694), French painter, sculptor, architect and engineer, was born at Marseilles. ... François Girardon (March 17, 1628 - September 1, 1715) was a French sculptor. ... Charles Antoine Coysevox (September 29, 1640 - October 10, French sculptor, was born at Lyons, and belonged to a family which had emigrated from Spain. ... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Hyacinthe Rigaud (July 20, 1659 - December 27, 1743) was a French painter. ... Antoine Coypel (1661 - 1722), son of the French painter Noël Coypel, was still more celebrated than his father. ...

Rococo

The expression "Rococo" is used for much European art throughout the 18th century, including works by the Italians Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Canaletto and Francesco Guardi and the English Thomas Gainsborough, Joshua Reynolds and the furnituremaker Thomas Chippendale. Compared with the 17th century Baroque, Rococo implies a lighter and more playful decorative art; the nude female is frequently featured; chinoiserie is also fashionable. Some of the artists that are most often grouped as "Rococo" are listed below. See as well Régence, Louis XV of France, Palace of Versailles. The Rococo Basilica at Ottobeuren (Bavaria): architectural spaces flow together and swarm with life The Rococo style developed as a relief from formalities of Late Baroque interiors. ... The Death of Hyacinth Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (March 5, 1696 - March 27, 1770) was a Venetian painter. ... There were 2 artists who went by the name Canaletto. ... The Lagoon Looking toward Murano from the Fondamenta Nuove (1765-70) Oil on canvas, 31,7 x 52,7 cm Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge Francesco Guardi (1712-1793), Venetian painter, was a pupil of Canaletto, and followed his style so closely that pictures are very frequently attributed to his more celebrated... Blue boy, painted 1770 Thomas Gainsborough (May 14, 1727 (baptised) - August 2, 1788) was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain. ... Sir Joshua Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds (July 16, 1723–February 23, 1792) was the most important and influential of eighteenth-century English painters, specialising in portraits and promoting the Grand Style in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. ... Thomas Chippendale, the elder (June 5, 1718 - November 1779) was a furniture designer and maker from Otley, West Yorkshire. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint The Baroque was a style in art that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce... The era of the French Régence (1715 - 1723) covers the minority of Louis XV, when France was governed by the regent, the child-kings uncle, Philippe dOrléans. ... Louis XV King of France and Navarre Louis XV (February 15, 1710 - May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was king of France from 1715 to 1774. ... Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe The Château de Versailles — often called the Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles — is a royal château, outside the gates of which the village of Versailles, France, has...

• Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) painter.
• Jean-Marc Nattier (1685-1766) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686-1755) painter.
• Nicolas Lancret (1690-1743) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste François Pater (1695-1736) painter.
• Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin (1699-1779) painter.
• Charles Joseph Natoire (1700-1777) painter.
• François Boucher (1703-1770) painter, engraver.
• Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732-1806) painter.

Jean-Antoine Watteau (October 10, 1684 _ July 18, 1721) was a French painter. ... Battle of Lesnaya by Jean-Marc Nattier, 1717 Jean-Marc Nattier (1685 - 1766), French painter, was born in Paris, the son of Marc Nattier, a portrait painter, and of Marie Courtois, a miniaturist. ... Nicolas Lancret (January 22, 1690 - September 14, 1743), French painter, was born in Paris, and became a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society under the regent Orleans. ... Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (November 2, 1699 – December 6, 1779) is considered by some to be the greatest of the 18th-century French painters. ... Rinaldo and Armida gained Bouchers admission to the Académie royale François Boucher (1703 in Bordeaux – May 30, 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste, known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories representing the arts or pastoral occupations, and several portraits of... The Bathers, 1765 Jean-Honoré Fragonard (April 5, 1732 – August 22, 1806) was a French painter. ...

Romanticism

Most of the early 19th century artists given in the chronological list above have been at some time grouped together under the rubric of "romanticism", including the "realists" (as the Barbizon school) and the "naturalists". Some of the most important are listed here. See also French Revolution, Napoleon I of France, Victor Hugo, orientalism. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas; it originated in late 18th century Western Europe. ... The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... Bonaparte as general Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français... Victor Hugo Victor Hugo (February 26, 1802 - May 22, 1885) was a French author, the most important of the Romantic authors in the French language. ... Orientalism is the study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures by Westerners. ...

• Anne Louis Girodet (1767-1824)
• Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835)
• Pierre Narcisse Guérin (1771-1833)
• Théodore Géricault (1791-1824)
• Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875)
• Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863)
• Théodore Rousseau (1812-1867)
• Jean-François Millet (1814-1875)
• Théodore Chassériau (1819-1856)
• Gustave Doré (1832-1883)

Pierre-Narcisse, baron Guérin (May 13, 1774 - July 6, 1833), French painter, was born at Paris. ... Théodore Géricaults Insane Théodore Géricault (September 26, 1791 in Rouen, Normandy - January 26, 1824) was a famous French painter, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings. ... Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (portrait by Nadar) Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 26, 1796 – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter. ... Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar) Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( April 26, 1798 - August 13, 1863) was an important painter from the French romantic period. ... Pierre Étienne Théodore Rousseau (April 15, 1812 - December 22, 1867), French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. ... The Sower. ... Théodore Chassériau (1819-1856), French painter, was born in Santo Domingo. ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1855) Paul Gustave Doré (January 6, 1832 – January 23, 1883) was a French artist, engraver, and illustrator. ...

L'Art-Pompier

See also Academic art, Napoleon III of France, Second Empire. The expression pompier is pejorative and means pompous ; it refers to Academic painters in the mid to late 19th century. Academic art was an art movement, and a style of painting that was in fashion in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century. ... Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808, Paris - January 9, 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, England) was a President of France, and later, Emperor of the French. ... This article is about the Second Empire architectural style. ...

• William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905)
• Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889)
• Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904)

Le Printemps, 1866 Adolphe William Bouguereau (November 30, 1825 - August 19, 1905) was a French academic painter. ... Alexandre Cabanel (September 28, 1823 _ January 23, 1889) was a painter born in United States. ... Jean-Léon Gérôme ( May 11, 1824 - 1904) was a French painter and sculptor who produced many works in a historical, Orientalist style. ...

Barbizon School

The École de Barbizon was a landscape and outdoor art movement which preceded Impressionism. The city is near the forest of Fontainebleau. Théodore Rousseau came to the region in 1848 and he subsequently attracted other artists. The Barbizon school of painters is named after the village of Barbizon near Fontainebleau Forest, France. ... Fontainebleau is a city and commune about 50 km south of Paris, France. ...

• Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875)
• Narcisse Virgile Diaz de la Peña (1808-1878) (Born in Spain)
• Constant Troyon (1810-1865)
• Jules Dupré (1811-1889)
• Théodore Rousseau (1812-1867)
• Jean-François Millet (1814-1875)
• Charles-François Daubigny (1817-1878)
• Félix Ziem (1821-1911)

Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (portrait by Nadar) Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (July 26, 1796 – February 22, 1875) was a French landscape painter. ... Constant Troyon (August 28, 1810 - February 21, 1865), French painter, was born on Sévres, near Paris, where his father was connected with the famous manufactory of china. ... Jules Dupré (1812 - 1889), French painter, was one of the chief members of the Barbizon school of romantic landscape painters. ... Pierre Étienne Théodore Rousseau (April 15, 1812 - December 22, 1867), French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. ... The Sower. ... Charles-François Daubigny (portrait by Nadar) Charles-François Daubigny (Paris, February 15, 1817 – February 19, 1878 in Paris) was one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism. ... Félix Ziem (February 26, 1821 – November 10, 1911) was a French painter in the style of the Barbizon School. ...

Naturalism

The term is much criticised, but implies a frank and unidealized portrayal of real life, especially of the working classes and agricultural workers (in contrast to Jean-François Millet's idealized paintings of field workers), and locales such as factories, mines and popular cafés. See also the writers Emile Zola, Gustave Flaubert and Guy de Maupassant. Naturalism is an outgrowth of realism, a prominent literary movement in late 19th century France and elsewhere. ... The Sower. ... mile Zola (April 2, 1840 - September 29, 1902) was an influential French novelist, the most important example of the literary school of naturalism, and a major figure in the political liberalization of France. ... Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert (December 12, 1821 – May 8, 1880) is counted among the greatest Western novelists. ... Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Maupassant (IPA: ) (August 5, 1850–July 6, 1893) was a popular 19th century French writer. ...

• Ignace François Bonhomme (1809-1881)
• Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)
• Théodule Ribot (1824-1891)
• Jean Bastien-Lepage (1848-1884)

Gustave Courbet (portrait by Nadar) Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (June 10, 1819 – December 31, 1877) was a French painter. ...

Impressionism

From around 1872. Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a private association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ...

• Eugène Boudin (1824-1898)
• Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
• Edouard Manet (1832-1883) (considered a precursor)
• Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
• Henri Fantin-Latour (1836-1904)
• Claude Monet (1840-1926)
• Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
• Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894)

Rivage de Portrieux, Cotes-du-Nord by Eugène Boudin. ... The garden at Pontoise, painted 1877. ... Édouard Manet (portrait by Nadar) Édouard Manet (January 23, 1832 - April 30, 1883) was a noted French painter. ... Edgar Degas (July 19, 1834 – September 27, 1917) was a Faggot buttlicker and ballsucker. ... Henri Fantin-Latour (January 14, 1836 - August 25, 1904) was a French painter and lithographer. ... Oscar-Claude Monet (November 14, 1840 _ December 5, 1926), French impressionist painter. ... Pierre-Auguste Renoir (February 25, 1841 - December 3, 1919) was a preeminent French painter. ... Self portrait Gustave Caillebotte (August 19, 1848 - February 21, 1894), was a French painter and supporter of the Impressionist movement in art. ...

Post-Impressionism

The term is most often associated with the following artists, though it could equally apply to most of the movements leading up to cubism. A Hundred Years of Independence by Henri Rousseau Post-impressionism is a term applied to painting styles of the late 19th and early 20th centuries — after impressionism. ...

• Paul Cézanne (1839-1906)
• Henri Rousseau ("le Douanier") (1844-1910)
• Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
• Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) (Dutch, worked in France)
• Georges-Pierre Seurat (1859-1891) — see also Pointillism
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)

Vase of Flowers (1876) Oil on canvas Paul Cézanne (January 19, 1839 – October 22, 1906) was a French painter who represents the bridge from impressionism to cubism. ... The Repast of the Lion Henri Rousseau (May 21, 1844 - September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. ... Paul Gauguin (June 7, 1848 - May 9, 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ... Self-portrait (1886) Vincent Willem van Gogh (March 30, 1853–July 29, 1890) was a Dutch painter, generally considered one of the greatest painters in European art history. ... Le Chahut was painted by Seurat from 1889 to 1890. ... One of Seurats sketches for Grand Jatte, 1888 Pointillism is a style of painting in which non- primary colors are generated, not by the mixing of pigments in the palette nor by using pigments directly, but by the visual mixing of points of primary colors, placed in close proximity... Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. ...

Pont-Aven School

Pont-Aven is a town on the coast of Brittany frequented by artists in the late 19th century (1886-1888). Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical duchy and French province, as well as the cultural area of Brittany. ...

• Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
• Paul Sérusier (1865-1927)
• Émile Bernard (1868-1941)

Paul Gauguin (June 7, 1848 - May 9, 1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter. ... Photo of Paul Sérusier Paul Sérusier (1864, Paris – 1927, Morlaix) was a post-impressionist French painter associated with the les Nabis artists. ... Émile Bernard (April 28, 1868 - April 16, 1941) was a French painter and writer. ...

Symbolism

See also Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine, Huysmans, Symbolist painters. Stéphane Mallarmé (March 18, 1842 – September 9, 1898) was a French poet and critic. ... Paul Verlaine (March 30, 1844 - January 8, 1896) is one of the greatest and most popular of French poets. ... Joris-Karl Huysmans (February 5, 1848 - May 12, 1907) was a French novelist. ... Symbolist painters were part of a 19th century movement in which art became infused with mysticism, and by the closely allied Symbolist movement in literature. ...

• Odilon Redon (1840-1916)
• Gustave Moreau (1826-1898)
• Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (1824-1898)

Odilon Redon (April 22, 1840 - July 6, 1916) was a symbolist painter. ... Orpheus by Gustave Moreau (1865) Gustave Moreau (April 6, 1826 - April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. ... Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, (December 14, 1824 - October 24, 1898) was a French painter. ...

Les Nabis

The expression comes from the Hebrew word for "prophets"; from around 1888. Les Nabis, Art Movement In 1888-89, Les Nabis originated as a rebellious group of young student artists who banded together at the Académie Julian in Paris, France. ...

• Aristide Maillol (1861-1944)
• Paul Signac (1863-1935)
• Paul Ranson (1864-1909)
• Paul Sérusier (1865-1927)
• Félix Vallotton (1865-1925)
• Ker Xavier Roussel (1867-1944)
• Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947)
• Édouard Jean Vuillard (1868-1940)
• Georges Lacombe (1868-1916)
• Maurice Denis (1870-1943)
• Henri-Charles Manguin (1874-1943)

Aristide Maillol. ... Paul Signac (November 11, 1863 - August 15, 1935) was a French Neoimpressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped create Pointillism. ... Paul Ranson (1864 - Paris, February 20, 1909) was a French painter and writer. ... Photo of Paul Sérusier Paul Sérusier (1864, Paris – 1927, Morlaix) was a post-impressionist French painter associated with the les Nabis artists. ... Félix Vallotton was a Franco-Swiss painter, engraver, illustrator and writer (Lausanne 1865-Paris 1925). ... Pierre Bonnard (October 3, 1867 - January 23, 1947) was a French painter and printmaker. ... Jean-Édouard Vuillard (November 11, 1868 - June 21, 1940) was a French painter and printmaker associated with the Nabis. ... Georges Lacombe (June 18, 1868 - June 29, 1916) was a French sculptor and painter. ... Maurice Denis (November 25, 1870 – November 1943) was a French painter and writer and a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. ...

Fauvism

Fauvism, or Les Fauves means "wild beasts". They first appeared at the salon of Autumn 1905-1908. The Dessert: Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse Les Fauves (French for wild beasts), a short-lived movement of early Modernist art, emphasized paint itself and the use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism, even with its focus on light and the moment. ...

• Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
• Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958)
• André Derain (1880-1954)

Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt (1906). ... Maurice de Vlaminck French artist, (1876–1958) Categories: Stub | 1876 births | 1958 deaths | French painters | Modern artists ... Charing Cross Bridge, London (1906) André Derain ( June 10, 1880 - September 8, 1954) was a French painter and illustrator. ...

Cubism

"Cézanne period" (1907-1909); "Analytic period" (1909-1912); "Synthetic period" (1913-1914). Woman with a guitar by Georges Braque, 1913 Cubist house in Prague Cubism was an avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture in the early 20th century. ...

• Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) (Spanish)
• Georges Braque (1882-1963)
• Fernand Léger (1881-1955)
• Louis Marcoussis (Louis Markus) (1883-1941) (Born in Poland)
• Jean Metzinger (1883-1937)
• Juan Gris (1887-1927) (Spanish)
• Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973) (Born in Poland)

A young Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art. ... Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910 (San Francisco Museum of Modern Art) Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 – August 31, 1963) was a French painter and sculptor, and with Pablo Picasso one of the inventors of Cubism. ... Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (February 4, 1881 - August 17, 1955) was an artist. ... Jean Metzinger (1883-1956) was a French painter. ... José Victoriano Carmelo Carlos González-Pérez (March 23, 1887 - May 11, 1927), better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter who lived and worked in France almost all his life. ... Jacques Lipchitz (August 22, 1891 - May 16, 1973) was a Cubist sculptor. ...

Orphism or the Puteaux Group

Sometimes called "Cubic Orphism"; compare to the British Vorticism. The Puteaux Group is the name applied to a group of European artists and critics associated with Cubism but because of their unique style, were branded a Cubist offshoot called Orphism. ... Ezra Pound, who gave Vorticism its name and contributed to Blast. ...

• Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918) (Italian born poet and art critic, lived in France)
• Robert Delaunay (1885-1941)
• Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
• Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918)
• Roger de la Fresnaye (1885-1925)
• Albert Gleizes (1881-1952)
• Frantisek Kupka (1871-1957) (Czech, worked in France)
• Henri Le Fauconnier (1881-1946)
• Fernand Léger (1881-1955)
• Louis Marcoussis (1878-1941) (Polish, worked in France)
• Jean Metzinger (1883-1956)
• Francis Picabia (1879-1953)
• Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (1884-1974)
• Jacques Villon (1875-1963)

Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... Robert Delaunay (born April 12, 1885 in Paris, France; died October 25, 1941 in Montpellier, France), French impressionist artist. ... Marcel Duchamp (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French/American artist. ... Raymond Duchamp-Villon (November 5, 1876 - October 9, 1918) was a French sculptor. ... Albert Gleizes, born December 8, 1881 _ died June 23, 1953 was a French painter. ... František Kupka (September 23, 1871 - June 24, 1957) was a Czech painter. ... Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (February 4, 1881 - August 17, 1955) was an artist. ... Jean Metzinger (1883-1956) was a French painter. ... Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia (January 28, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish father who was an attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris, France. ... Jacques Villon (July 31, 1875 - June 9, 1963) was a French Cubist painter and printmaker. ...

Dada

• Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
• Francis Picabia (1879-1953)
• Jean (Hans) Arp (1886-1966)
• Man Ray (1890-1976) (American)

Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. ... Marcel Duchamp (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French/American artist. ... Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia (January 28, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish father who was an attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris, France. ... Jean Arp (September 16, 1886 - June 7, 1966) was a sculptor, painter, and poet. ... Man Ray photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1934 Man Ray (August 27, 1890 - November 18, 1976) was an American Dadaist and surrealist photographer and film director. ...

Surrealism

• Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
• Marc Chagall (1887-1985)
• Yves Tanguy (1900-1955)
• Max Ernst (1891-1976)
• André Masson (1896-1987)
• Jean (Hans) Arp (1886-1966)
• Hans Bellmer (1902-1975)
• Fernand Léger (1881-1955)
• Paul Delvaux (1897-1954) (Belgian)
• René Magritte (1898-1967) (Belgian)
• Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) (Catalan, worked in Paris around 1927)
• Joan Miró (1893-1983) (Spanish, worked in Paris in the 1920s)

Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the unconscious. ... Marcel Duchamp (July 28, 1887 – October 2, 1968) was a French/American artist. ... Marc Chagall as photographed in 1941 by Carl Van Vechten Marc Chagall (July 7, 1887 – March 28, 1985) was a Belarusian painter of Jewish origin. ... Indefinite Divisibility 1942 Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955) was a surrealist painter. ... Max Ernst Max Ernst (April 2, 1891 – April 1, 1976) was a German painter. ... André-Aimé-René Masson (January 4, 1896 - October 28, 1987) was a French artist. ... Jean Arp (September 16, 1886 - June 7, 1966) was a sculptor, painter, and poet. ... Categories: Stub | 1902 births | 1975 deaths | German painters | German sculptors ... Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (February 4, 1881 - August 17, 1955) was an artist. ... Paul Delvaux was a Belgian painter, famous for his surrealist paintings with female nudes staring at the horizon. ... La trahison des images (The Betrayal Of Images) (1928-1929) Die natürlichen Gnaden (1967) René François Ghislain Magritte (November 21, 1898 – August 15, 1967) was a surrealist artist, born in Lessines, Belgium. ... Salvador Dalí as photographed in 1934 by Carl Van Vechten Salvador Domenec Felip Jacint Dalí Domenech (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989) was an important Catalan-Spanish painter, best known for his surrealist works. ... Joan Miró Woman and Bird (Barcelona) Joan Miró (April 20, 1893 – December 25, 1983) was a painter, sculptor and ceramist born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ...

School of Paris

The École de Paris starts from around 1925. School of Paris (École de Paris) refers to two distinct groups of artists — a group of medieval manuscript illuminators, and a group of non-French artists working in Paris before World War I. Additionally, it refers to a similar group of artists living in Paris between the two world wars. ... School of Paris (École de Paris) refers to two distinct groups of artists — a group of medieval manuscript illuminators, and a group of non-French artists working in Paris before World War I. Additionally, it refers to a similar group of artists living in Paris between the two world wars. ...

• Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957) (French, born in Romania)
• Raoul Dufy (1877-1953)
• Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) (Italian, worked in Paris)
• Marc Chagall (1887-1985) (Born in Belarus)
• Chaïm Soutine (1894-1943) (Born in Lithuania)

Constantin Brancusi (February 19, 1876 - March 16, 1957), originally Constantin Brâncuşi, is the most famous Romanian sculptor, born in Hobiţa, Gorj, near Târgu Jiu, where he placed his sculptural ensemble with The Table of Silence, The Gate of the Kiss and The Endless Column. ... Raoul Dufy (June 3, 1877 - March 23, 1953) was a French Fauvist painter born in Le Havre in Normandy. ... Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (July 12, 1884 – January 24, 1920) was an Italian painter and sculptor. ... Marc Chagall as photographed in 1941 by Carl Van Vechten Marc Chagall (July 7, 1887 – March 28, 1985) was a Belarusian painter of Jewish origin. ... Chaim Soutine ( 1894 – August 8, 1944) was an expressionist painter. ...

Tachism or L'art informel

See also Abstract Expressionism. Tachisme (alternative spelling: Tachism, derived from the French word tache - stain) was a French style of abstract painting in the 1940s and 1950s. ... Tachisme (alternative spelling: Tachism, derived from the French word tache - stain) was a French style of abstract painting in the 1940s and 1950s. ... This USPS stamp illustrates Pollocks drip technique. ...

• Jean Fautrier (1898-1964)
• Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985)
• Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze) (1913-1951) (German, worked in France)

Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (July 31, 1901 - May 12, 1985) was a French artist. ... Wols, the pen name of Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze (May 27, 1913- September 1, 1951) was a German German painter and photographer. ...

Op Art

• Victor Vasarely (1908-1997) (Born in Hungary)
• François Morellet (1926-)
• Jean-Pierre Yvaral (dates?) (son of Vasarely)

Op art is a term used to described certain paintings made primarily in the 1960s which exploit the fallibilty of the eye through the use of optical illusions. ... Victor Vasarely (9th April 1908 - 15th March 1997) was a Hungarian-born artist often acclaimed as the father of Op-art. ...

Lettrism

• Isidore Isou

Lettrism is an artistic style which was created in Romania by Isidore Isou in 1942, when he was only sixteen years old, according to Jean-Paul Curtay in La Poesie Lettriste (Paris 1974). ...

Situationist

Though not an art movement per se, the Situationists did produce much détournement of art. See also May 1968 for work from the attelier populaire. The Situationist International (SI), an international political and artistic movement, originated in the Italian village of Cosio dArroscia on 28 July 1957 with the fusion of several extremely small artistic tendencies: the Lettrist International, the International movement for an imaginist Bauhaus, and the London Psychogeographical Association. ... May 1968 poster: Be young and shut up In May 1968 a general insurrection broke out across France. ...

• Guy Debord

Guy Debord (December 28, 1931-November 30, 1994) was a member of the Lettrist International, Socialisme ou Barbarie and the founder and chief theorist of the Situationist International (SI). ...

Fluxus

Founded in 1962, this international art movement stressed play, active participation, and unusual materials. Fluxus (from to flow) is an art movement noted for the blending of different artistic disciplines, primarily visual art but also music and literature. ...

• Robert Filliou (1926-1987)
• Ben Vautier (called "Ben") (dates?)

Ben Vautier is a French Fluxus artist living and working in Nice. ...

French photographers

See also List of photographers. This is a list of notable photographers in the art, documentary and fashion traditions. ...

• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765-1833) — Inventor of Photography
• Louis-Jacques Daguerre (1787-1851)
• Hippolyte Bayard (1807-1887)
• Charles Marville (1816-1879)
• Nadar (Gaspard Félix Tournachon, called "Nadar") (1820-1910)
• Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904)
• Eugène Atget (Jean-Eugène Auguste Atget) (1857-1927)
• Jacques Henri Lartigue (1894-1986)
• Brassaï (Gyula Halasz) (1899-1984) (born in Hungary)
• Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004)
• Lucien Hervé (László Elkán) (1910-) photographer (Born in Hungary)
• Robert Doisneau (1912-1994)
• Willy Ronis (1910-)
• Marc Riboud (1923-)
• Georges Rousse (1947-)
• Pierre et Gilles (active since 1976)

Nicéphore Niépces first photograph, circa 1826 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (March 7, 1765 – July 5, 1833) was a French inventor, most noted as a pioneer in photography. ... Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. ... Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787 - 1851) was the Basque artist and chemist who is recognized for his invention of the Daguerreotype process of photography. ... Hippolyte Bayard (January 20, 1807 - 1887) was one of the earliest photographers in the history of photography, inventing his own photography process known as direct positive printing and presenting the worlds first public exhibition of photographs on June 24, 1839. ... Nadar was the pseudonym of Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (1820-1910), a photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist. ... (1830-1904) Significant to the development of cardiology, physical instrumentation, aviation, cinematography and the science of labor photography. ... Eugène Atget (1857 - 1927) was a French photographer noted for his naturalistic photographs of and in the city of Paris. ... Jacques Henri Lartigue was a French photographer and painter. ... Brassaï was the pseudonym of Gyula Halász (1899-1984), a Parisian photographer. ... Henri Cartier-Bresson (August 22, 1908 - August 3, 2004) was a French photographer. ... Lucien Hervé (b. ... Robert Doisneau (April 14, 1912 - April 1, 1994), French photographer noted for his frank and often humorous depictions of Parisian street life. ... Marc Riboud is a French photographer born 1923 in Lyon. ... Georges Rousse (born 1947 in Paris) is a French photographer. ... Pierre et Gilles, Pierre Commoy and Gilles Blanchard, are gay French artistic and romantic partners. ...

French architects

See List of French architects. This entry concerns French architects. ...

Art museums in France

Paris

• Musée du Louvre
• Musée d'Orsay — 19th century art (national collection)
• Centre Pompidou (Beaubourg) — 20th century art (national collection)
• Musée National du Moyen âge (Cluny) — medieval collection
• Palais de Tokyo — 20th century art
• Musée Guimet — Asian art
• Grand Palais — changing expositions
• Petit Palais
• Le Jeu de Paume — changing expositions
• Musée Picasso — the artist
• Musée Rodin — the scultor
• Musée Zadkine — the sculptor
• Fondation Dubuffet — the sculptor and painter
• Musée Carnavalet — Paris and the 17th century in a former mansion
• Musée Jacquemart-André — private collection from the renaissance to the 19th century
• Fondation Cartier — contemporary Art
• Centre National de la Photography
• Musée Bourdelle — the sculptor
• Musée Dapper — African art
• Musée Gustave Moreau — the symbolist painter
• Manufacture des Gobelins — tapestries and weaving from the 17th century
• Musée Nissim de Camondo — private collection of 18th century works
• Musée Maillol — Fondation Dina Vierny — the sculptor
• Maison Européenne de la Photographie
• Musée de Céramique à Sèvres
• Musée du Montparnasse

The main courtyard of the Louvre. ... The Musée dOrsay is a museum in Paris, situated on the left bank of the River Seine. ... The Pompidou Centres famous external skeleton of service pipes. ... The Guimet Museum (French: Musée Guimet) is a museum of Asian art located in Paris, France. ... Musée du Montparnasse The Musée du Montparnasse is a museum at 21. ...

Near Paris

• Palace of Versailles
• Fontainebleau
• Saint-Germain-en-Laye

Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe The Château de Versailles — often called the Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles — is a royal château, outside the gates of which the village of Versailles, France, has... The central range of Fontainebleau The Royal Château of Fontainebleau (in the Seine-et-Marne département), the largest of the French royal châteaux, introduced to France the Italian Mannerist style in interior decoration and in gardens, and transformed them in the translation. ...

Northern France

Southern France

Institutions, salons and exhibitions

The Académie française was founded in 1634 by Cardinal Richelieu. It is concerned with the French language. The Académie française, or French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Cardinal Richelieu was the French chief minister from 1624 until his death. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ...

The Académie des beaux-arts was created in 1816 by the reunion of the Académie de peinture et sculpture founded by Cardinal Mazarin in 1648 and the Académie d'architecture founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1671. It is responsible for the Académie de France in the villa Médicis in Rome (founded in 1666) which allows promising artists to study in Rome. The Académie des beaux-arts (Academy of Fine Arts) is a French learned society. ... Cardinal Jules Mazarin, French diplomat and statesman Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino; but best known as Cardinal Mazarin (July 14, 1602 – March 9, 1661) served as the France from 1642, until his death. ... Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (August 29, 1619 – September 6, 1683) served as the French minister of finance for 22 years under King Louis XIV. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy... Location within Italy The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin: Roma) is the capital city of Italy and of its Latium region. ...

From the 17th to the 20th century, the Académie organized official painting exhibitions called Salons. To show at a salon, a young artist needed to be received by the Académie by first submitting an artwork to the jury; only Académie artists could be shown in the salons. Salons were started under Louis XIV and continued from 1667-1704. The was a hiatus, but they started up again in 1725. Under Louis XV, the most prestigious Salon took place in the Salon carré of the Louvre, but there are also salons in Bordeaux, Lille and Toulouse. Salon may refer to: a room in a house used for receiving guests. ...

In the 19th century, the salon system frequently incited criticism from artists for the bland or academic quality of the artwork, while radical artists (like Edouard Manet or Gustave Courbet) would not be received or would be greatly censured by the "respectable" public. The salon system thus forced radical and modern artists to seek alternative or unofficial exhibition sites. This is especially true for the Impressionists and Fauvism. (See also Academic art). Impressionism was a 19th century art movement, that began as a private association of Paris-based artists who began publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. ... The Dessert: Harmony in Red (1908) by Henri Matisse Les Fauves (French for wild beasts), a short-lived movement of early Modernist art, emphasized paint itself and the use of deep color over the representational values retained by Impressionism, even with its focus on light and the moment. ... Academic art was an art movement, and a style of painting that was in fashion in Europe from the 17th to the 19th century. ...

Paris has been the host of a number on important international fairs and exhibitions. The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

The Exposition universelle de Paris — a kind of world's fair — was held in Paris in 1889. It was for this fair that the Eiffel Tower was built (1887-1889). The Exposition Universelle of 1889 was a Worlds Fair held in Paris, France from May 5, to October 31, 1889. ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower (French: la Tour Eiffel) is a metallic tower built on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France, and is nowadays the most famous landmark and symbol of Paris. ...

The Grand Palais and the Petit Palais were built as exhibition halls for the 1900 World's Exhibition.

Paris was also the site of two world exhibitions of decorative arts. The Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes in 1925 launched the style called Moderne, or "Streamline Moderne" or "Art Deco". The subsequent exhibition in 1937 saw, to a certain degre, the last flowering of this style; the Palais de Tokyo was built for this exhibition. Asheville City Hall. ...

See also List of world's fairs. This is a list of worlds fairs (with notable permanent buildings built). ...

Vocabulary

French words and expressions dealing with the arts:

• peinture — painting
• tableau — painting
• gravure — engraving
• dessin — drawing
• aquarelle — watercolor
• croquis — drawing
• ébauche — drawing
• crayon — pencil, a pencil drawing

Reference works

• Anthony Blunt: Art and Architecture in France 1500-1700 ISBN 0300053142
• André Chastel. French Art Vol I: Prehistory to the Middle Ages ISBN 208013566X
• André Chastel. French Art Vol II: The Renaissance ISBN 208013583X
• André Chastel. French Art Vol III: The Ancient Régime ISBN 2080136178