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Encyclopedia > List of German presidents since 1919

A number of presidential offices have existed in Germany since the abolition of the imperial monarchy in 1918. During the 1919-1933 Weimar Republic the head of state was the Reichspräsident (Reich President). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934 the office was abolished until 1945, when Karl Dönitz briefly became Reich President according to the last will of Adolf Hitler. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem Das Lied der Deutschen Germany during the Weimar period, with the Free State of Prussia (in blue) as the largest state Capital Berlin Language(s) German Government Republic President  - 1918-1925 Friedrich Ebert  - 1925-1933 Paul von Hindenburg Chancellor  - 1919 Philipp Scheidemann(first)  - 1933 Kurt von Schleicher (last) Legislature... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with President of Germany. ... Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, known universally as Paul von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Karl Dönitz (IPA pronunciation:  ) (born 16 September 1891; died 24 December 1980) was a German naval leader, who commanded the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) during the second half of World War II. Dönitz was also President of Germany for 23 days after Adolf Hitlers suicide. ... Hitler redirects here. ...


The West German constitution (Grundgesetz or Basic Law) of May 1949 created the office of Bundespräsident ("Federal President"). The East German constitution of October 1949 created the office of Präsident der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (DDR) [President of the German Democratic Republic (GDR)]. Upon the death of Wilhelm Pieck in 1960, the office of Präsident der DDR was abolished and replaced by a collective head of state, the Staatsrat der DDR (State Council of the GDR). The Vorsitzender (Chairman) of the Staatsrat was considered to be the head of state of the GDR. The Staatsrat was abolished by a constitutional amendment of the first and only freely elected Volkskammer ("People's Chamber" or parliament) on 5 April 1990. From then until the GDR joined with the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990, the president of the Volkskammer also served as the GDR head of state. Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... “East Germany” redirects here. ... Wilhelm Pieck (January 3, 1876 - September 7, 1960) was a German communist, politician and president of East Germany. ... The Staatsrat (Council of State) was in the German Democratic Republic the formally highest collective body, which was created with law over the formation of the Council of State from 12 September 1960 as follow-up organ of the abolished office of the president of the GDR after the death... The Volkskammer (Peoples Chamber) was the de jure Legislature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). ...

Contents

Reich Presidents (Reichspräsidenten) (1919-1945)

No. Name Took office Left office Party
1. Friedrich Ebert 11 February 1919 28 February 1925 (death) SPD
2. Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg 12 May 1925 2 August 1934 (death) (None)
3. Adolf Hitler - Führer und Reichskanzler 2 August 1934 30 April 1945 (suicide) National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)
4. Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz 1 May 1945 23 May 1945 (arrested) (None)

This is not the Friedrich Ebert involved in the founding of the GDR, but rather his father. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... SPD redirects here. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, known universally as Paul von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hitler redirects here. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Adolf Hitler. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP, commonly, the Nazi Party), was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... The Nazi swastika The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... German Grand Admiral Sleeve Insignia Grand Admiral Shoulder Insignia In the German Navy the rank of Grand Admiral (Großadmiral) was considered the highest Naval rank. ... Karl Dönitz (IPA pronunciation:  ) (born 16 September 1891; died 24 December 1980) was a German naval leader, who commanded the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) during the second half of World War II. Dönitz was also President of Germany for 23 days after Adolf Hitlers suicide. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Federal Presidents (Bundespräsidenten) since 1949

No. Name Took office Left office Party
1. Theodor Heuss 13 September 1949 12 September 1959 FDP
2. Heinrich Lübke 13 September 1959 30 June 1969 CDU
3. Gustav Heinemann 1 July 1969 30 June 1974 SPD
4. Walter Scheel 1 July 1974 30 June 1979 FDP
5. Karl Carstens 1 July 1979 30 June 1984 CDU
6. Richard von Weizsäcker 1 July 1984 30 June 1994 CDU
7. Roman Herzog 1 July 1994 30 June 1999 CDU
8. Johannes Rau 1 July 1999 30 June 2004 SPD
9. Horst Köhler 1 July 2004 ( Incumbent ) CDU

Theodor Heuss (January 31, 1884 - December 12, 1963) was a German politician. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Free Democratic Party (FDP) may be: in Germany, Freie Demokratische Partei (the Free Democratic Party) in Switzerland, Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei (the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Heinrich Lübke (October 14, 1894 – April 6, 1972) was President of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1959 to 1969. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Gustav Walter Heinemann (July 23, 1899 - July 7, 1976) was a German politician. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... SPD redirects here. ... Walter Scheel (born July 8, 1919) is a German politician (FDP). ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Free Democratic Party (FDP) may be: in Germany, Freie Demokratische Partei (the Free Democratic Party) in Switzerland, Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei (the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Karl Carstens (December 14, 1914 - May 30, 1992) was a German politician. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Dr. Richard Freiherr von Weizsäcker â–¶ (help· info) (born April 15, 1920) is a German politician (CDU). ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Roman Herzog (born April 5, 1934) is a German politician (CDU) and was the President of Germany from 1994 to 1999. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Johannes Rau (January 16, 1931, Wuppertal – January 27, 2006, Berlin) was a German politician of the SPD. He was the eighth President of the Federal Republic of Germany from July 1, 1999 until June 30, 2004 and prime minister of North Rhine Westfalia from 1978 to 1998. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... SPD redirects here. ... Horst Köhler ( , born 22 February 1943) is the current President of Germany. ... is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Open seat redirects here. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

President of the GDR (Präsident der DDR) (1949-1960)

Wilhelm Pieck (January 3, 1876 - September 7, 1960) was a German communist, politician and president of East Germany. ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Chairmen of the Council of State of the GDR (Vorsitzende des Staatsrats der DDR) (1960-1990)

No. Name Took office Left office Party
1. Walter Ulbricht 12 September 1960 1 August 1973 (death) SED
2. Willi Stoph 1973 1976 (replaced) SED
3. Erich Honecker 1976 18 October 1989 (resigned) SED
4. Egon Krenz 18 October 1989 6 December 1989 (resigned) SED
5. Manfred Gerlach 6 December 1989 5 April 1990 (office abolished) LDPD

Walter Ulbricht (June 30, 1893 – August 1, 1973) was a German communist statesman. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... Willi Stoph (9 July 1914 - 13 April 1999) was Prime Minister of East Germany from 1973 to 1989. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... Egon Krenz (born 19 March 1937) is a former German Communist politician, who briefly served as leader of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1989 before the end of Communist rule. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... Manfred Gerlach (born 1928) acted as Chairman of the Council of State and thus head of state in East Germany from December 6, 1989 to April 5, 1990. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (German: Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (LDPD)) was a political party in East Germany. ...

President of the People's Chamber of the GDR (Präsident/-in der Volkskammer der DDR) (1990)

  • Sabine Bergmann-Pohl (CDU) 5 April to 2 October 1990 (office abolished)

NOTE: The office of Präsident der Volkskammer der DDR was created by the GDR constitution in October 1949 and remained throughout the existence of the GDR. Sabine Bergmann-Pohl (born 20 April 1946) is a German conservative politician who served as the last Head of State of East Germany (the German Democratic Republic) from April 5 to October 2, 1990 - on October 3rd East and West Germany were reunited. ... This article needs cleanup. ... is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


List of acting heads of state (Geschäftsführendes Staatsoberhaupt)

Hans Luther (10 March 1885–11 May 1962) was a German politician and former Chancellor of Germany. ... This page is about the German Peoples Party which existed between 1918 and 1933. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Walter Simons (1861 - 1937) was a German political figure. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Karl Arnold (March 21, 1901 – June 29, 1958) was a German politician. ... This article needs cleanup. ... is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... In Germany, the President of the Bundesrat (German: Bundesratspräsident) is the bodys chairperson or speaker. ... Johannes Dieckmann (Fischerhude, 19 January 1893 - Berlin, 22 February 1969) held the office of State President of East Germany on an acting basis in 1949 and again in 1960. ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... Friedrich Fritz Ebert (September 12, 1894 – December 4, 1979) was the son of Germanys first President Friedrich Ebert. ... The party emblem represented the handshake between Communist Wilhelm Pieck and Social Democrat Otto Grotewohl when their parties merged in 1946 The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) (German: Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) was the governing party of East Germany from its formation in 1949 until the elections of 1990. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Manfred Gerlach (born 1928) acted as Chairman of the Council of State and thus head of state in East Germany from December 6, 1989 to April 5, 1990. ... The Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (German: Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (LDPD)) was a political party in East Germany. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

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