Empress Marguerite (1311–1356), Countess of Hainaut and Holland.

Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire is the title given to the consort of the Holy Roman Emperor. The elective dignity of Holy Roman Emperor was restricted to males only, therefore there was never a Holy Roman Empress regnant. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (484x817, 232 KB) // Picture of Margaret II (1311 † 1356), countess of Hainaut and Holland Vosmeer, Michiel , Antwerpen, 1578. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (484x817, 232 KB) // Picture of Margaret II (1311 † 1356), countess of Hainaut and Holland Vosmeer, Michiel , Antwerpen, 1578. ... Margaret II of Avesnes (1311 – June 23, 1356), was Countess of Hainaut and Countess of Holland (as Margaret I) from 1345 to 1356. ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...

The titles Queen of Germany and Queen of the Romans were subsidiary titles to that of Holy Roman Empress, and belonged to the consort of the King of Germany, or the King of the Romans. The King of Germany (or, more precisely, the Rex Teutonicorum, "King of the Germans") was the monarch of the German lands and territories, elected by the pre-eminant nobles and bishops of the German Kingdom; as a position, it was a remnant of the ancient Teutonic tribal practises. After 962, the King of Germany would by custom request of the Pope to be granted the title of Holy Roman Emperor. The consorts of those men who bore the title King of Germany, or King of the Germans, were thus Queen of Germany, or Queen of the Germans. The following list of German Kings and Emperors is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ... King of the Romans (Latin: Rex Romanorum) was a title used by the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire before their coronation by the Pope, and later also by the heir designate of the Empire. ...

The title King of the Romans developed in the 11th and 12th centuries, as a means of referring to the elected ruler of the Empire (Germany, Italy, and (from 1032 on) Burgundy) who had not as yet been confirmed in the imperial dignity by the Pope, and crowned in Rome by him (or, less often, other appropriate Roman authorities). It was used to signify the prestige and universal role of the monarch, whilst accepting that he had not achieved recognition as an Emperor - a title which in reality conferred no additional power, but which was viewed as an ultimate target by many European monarchs. Accordingly, the consort of a "King of the Romans" would be known as the "Queen of the Romans".

As the Imperial coronation involved an arduous and lengthy journey into Italy, leaving German affairs unattended to for months or years, many German kings postponed it for several years, and some were never crowned as Emperors at all. In the interval between election and coronation, they were known as "King of Germany", or – in and after the reign of Emperor Henry IV – "Kings of the Romans", rather than as "Emperors". From 1508 onward, however, the Kings of the Romans took the title "Roman Emperor-elect" or simply "Roman Emperor", without recourse to a coronation by the Pope. HEINRIC·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ...

The title "King of Germany", or "King of the Romans", might still be separated from that of "Emperor" when an heir to the Empire was elected as co-King to the reigning Emperor. The heir was then titled "King of Germany" and "King of the Romans". The former title would then cease to belong to the Emperor, instead becoming the position of the heir; the unclear and uneasy balance of power between German Kings and their Emperors were to create problems on more than one occasion. The latter title brought no real power; rather, it gave the heir both a prestige in his own right, and indicated that he was the Emperor's designated successor; it also allowed the King to succeed to the Empire when the reigning Emperor died without a fresh election. The heir's spouse was called "Queen of Germany", or "Queen of the Romans", and although she often became reigning Empress in due course, in some cases she or her husband might die before succeeding to the higher dignity, in which case "Queen of the Romans" would be her only title.

Holy Roman Empresses

Before 924, the title of Emperor was not always associated with the German Kingdom; rather, it was initially associated with the Carolingian dynasty, and then possessed by several other figures of the 9th and 10th centuries. Their consorts were thus Empresses, but not necessarily German Queens.

Carolingian (1)

Ermengarde, or Irmengarde de Hesbaye (c. ... Louis the Pious, contemporary depiction from 826 as a miles Christi (soldier of Christ), with a poem of Rabanus Maurus overlaid. ... Queen Judith or Iudit (died 19 April 843) was the second wife of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks. ... The elder House of Welf was a dynasty of European rulers in the 9th through 11th centuries. ... Lothair I Lothair I (German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 – 2 March 855), king of Italy (818 – 855) and Holy Roman Emperor (840 – 855), was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman, duke of Hesbaye. ... Engelberga (or Angilberga, died between 896 and 901) was the wife of Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor, from 5 October 851 to his death on 12 August 875. ... Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844. ... Charles the Bald - Detail from a painting in the First Bible of Charles the Bald, painted ca. ... Saint Richardis (circa 840 – 18 September between 894 and 896) was the Holy Roman Empress of Charles the Fat. ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ...

House of Guideschi

Guy III (d. ...

Carolingian (2)

Arnulf of Carinthia (German Arnulf von Kärnten, Slovenian Arnulf Koroški) (850 – December 8, 899) was one of the last ruling members of the Carolingian house in the Eastern part of the Frankish Kingdom, which had been split in the Treaty of Verdun in 843. ... Berengar of Friuli (? – 16 April 924) was the Margrave of Friuli from 874, King of Italy from 888, and Holy Roman Emperor from 915 until his death. ...

German (East Francian) Queens

With the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the Carolingian Empire was divided. Lothair, the King of the middle Kingdom of Lotharingia or Burgundy, obtained the title of Emperor; Louis obtained Eastern Francia, the area which would become Germany. The wives of that realm's Kings are thus German Queens (or more precisely, East Francian Queens – 'Germany' is historically deemed to have developed with the election of Henry the Fowler), but not, it must be noted, always Empresses.

Carolingian

The elder House of Welf was a dynasty of European rulers in the 9th through 11th centuries. ... Louis the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian or German Ludwig der Deutsche) (804 – August 28, 876), the third son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye, was the king of Bavaria from 817, when his father partitioned the empire... For the King of France known as Louis the Younger, see Louis VII of France. ... Saint Richardis (circa 840 – 18 September between 894 and 896) was the Holy Roman Empress of Charles the Fat. ... Romantic portrait of Charles. ... Arnulf of Carinthia (German Arnulf von Kärnten, Slovenian Arnulf Koroški) (850 – December 8, 899) was one of the last ruling members of the Carolingian house in the Eastern part of the Frankish Kingdom, which had been split in the Treaty of Verdun in 843. ...

Conradine

Conrad I (German: ), duke of Franconia, was king of Germany from 911 to 918, the first and only king of the Conradine (or Franconian) dynasty. ...

German Queens, Holy Roman Empresses

With the elevation of Otto I of Germany in 962 to the Imperial title, the title 'Roman King/Emperor' became inaliably associated with the Kingdom of Germany - although a King of Germany might not bear the Imperial title, it would eventually become impossible to conceive of a Holy Roman Emperor not being King of Germany (a viewpoint reinforced with the equation of King of the Romans with King of Germany from the 12th century). Thus, the following women, though not all Holy Roman Empresses, were all Queens of Germany, and - from the inception of the Hohenstaufen dynasty - all Queens of the Romans.

Ottonian Dynasty

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Matilda of Ringelheim Queen of the Germans	Westfalian	c.895	909	23 April 919	never Empress	2 July 936	14 March 968	Henry I
	Edith of Wessex Queen of the Germans	Cerdic	910	929	7 August 936	never Empress	26 January 946		Otto I
	Adelaide of Italy	Elder Welf	931	951		2 February 962 (Crowned on this date)	7 May 973	16 December 999
	Theophanu of Byzantium	Skleros	960	14 April 972		14 April 972 husband as co-Emperor with his father/ 7 May 973 husband as sole Emperor Crowned 14 April 972	7 December 983 husband's death	15 June 991	Otto II
	Cunigunde of Luxembourg	Luxembourg-Ardennes	c.975	c.1000	17 June 1002	26 April 1014	13 July 1024	3 March 1033	Henry II
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Matilda of Ringelheim (born in 892-March 14, 968) was the wife of Henry I the Fowler, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, whom she married in 909. ... Henry I, the Fowler (German, Heinrich der Vogler) (876 - July 2, 936), was duke of Saxony from 912 and king of the Germans from 919 until his death in 936. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1079x1159, 224 KB) Herscherpaar, a sculpture in the Cathedral of Magdeburg from ca. ... Eadgyth or Edith (910 - 26 January 946)was the daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England and Elfleda. ... Cerdic was the name of more than one King in English history: Cerdic of Elmet Cerdic of Wessex This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Emperor Otto I Otto I the Great (November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of the Germans and arguably the first Holy Roman Emperor. ... Saint Adelaide (931 – 16 December 999) was perhaps the most prominent European woman of the 10th century. ... The elder House of Welf was a dynasty of European rulers in the 9th through 11th centuries. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1088x1863, 706 KB) Description Couronnement dOtton II et de Théophano Plaque de reliure Ivoire Empire germanique, origine byzantine (?), 982-983 Musée National du Moyen-Âge (Cluny), Cl. ... Otto II and Theophano Theophanu (960 – June 15, 991) (Greek: Θεοφανώ Theophano), also spelled Theophania, was born in Constantinople, and was the wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Otto II and Theophano. ... Henry II with his wife Cunigunde of Luxemburg Saint Henry II (972 – 13 July 1024), called the Holy or the Saint, was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ...

Salian Dynasty

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Gisela of Swabia	Conradine	11 November 995	1016	8 September 1024	26 March 1027	4 June 1039	14 February 1043	Conrad II
	Gunhilda of Denmark Queen of the Germans	House of Harthacnut	c.1020	1036		never Empress	1038		Henry III
	Agnes of Aquitaine	Aquitaine	c.1025	21 November 1043		25 December 1046	5 October 1056	1077
	Bertha of Savoy		21 September 1051	13 July 1066		21 March 1084	27 December 1087		Henry IV
	Eupraxia of Kiev	Rurik	1071	14 August 1089	never Queen	14 August 1089	31 December 1105 husband's deposition	20 July 1109
	Constanze of Sicily Queen of the Romans	Hauteville	1077-1087	1095		never Empress	1098 husband's deposition	?	Conrad, King of the Romans
	Matilda of England	Normandy	c.7 February 1101	7 January 1114			23 May 1125	10 September 1167	Henry V
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Gisela of Swabia (989-1043) was the daughter of Herman II of Swabia and Gerberga of Burgundy. ... The Conradines were a dynasty of Franconian counts and dukes of the 8th to 11th Century, named after Konrad the Elder and his son Conrad I (or Konrad), Duke of Franconia, King of Germany. ... Conrad II (c. ... Henry III, from a miniature of 1040. ... Agnes of Poitou or Empress Agnes (c. ... [Note : The Roman numerals after the names indicate which duke of that name they were and are not necessarily the same as their ordinals for their other titles. ... HEINRIC·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ... Eupraxia of Kiev (1071-9. ... Rurik or Riurik (Russian: , Old East Norse Rørik, meaning famous ruler) (ca 830 – ca 879) was a Varangian who gained control of Ladoga in 862 and built the Holmgard settlement (Ryurikovo Gorodishche) in Novgorod. ... The family of the Hauteville (French: Maison de Hauteville, Italian: Casa dAltavilla) was a petty baronial Norman family from the Cotentin which rose to prominence in Europe, Asia, and Africa through its conquests in the Mediterranean, especially Southern Italy and Sicily. ... Empress Matilda (February, 1101 — September 10, 1167; Saxon form Maud or Maude) — was the daughter and dispossessed heir of King Henry I of England. ... Bold textInsert non-formatted text here This statue of Rollo the Viking (founder of the fiefdom of Normandy) stands in Falaise, Calvados, birthplace of his descendant William I the Conqueror (the Duke of Normandy who became King of England). ... Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, (1081 – May 23, 1125) was the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. ...

House of Supplinburg

Northeim is a town in Lower Saxony, capital of the district Northeim. ... Lothair III of Supplinburg (1075–1137), was Duke of Saxony (1106), King of Germany (1125), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137. ...

House of Hohenstaufen (1)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Gertrud vom Komburg Queen of the Romans in opposition			c.1115	1127 husband King in opposition	never Empress	c.1130-1131		Conrad III
	Gertrude von Sulzbach			1136	7 March 1138	never Empress	14 April 1146
	Adelheid of Vohburg Queen of the Romans	Diepoldinger	c.1128	1147	4 March 1152	never Empress	March 1153 marriage annulled	after 1187	Frederick I
	Beatrice of Burgundy	Burgundy	1148	9 June 1156			15 November 1184
	Constance of Sicily	Hauteville	1154	27 January 1186		14 April 1191	28 September 1197	27 November 1198	Henry VI
	Irene Angelina Queen of the Romans	Angelos	1177/1181	25 May 1197	6 March 1198	never Empress	21 August 1208	27 August 1208	Philip of Swabia
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

King Conrad III (Miniature, 13th century) Conrad III (1093 - February 15, 1152, Bamberg), the first German king of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was the son of Frederick I, Duke of Swabia and Agnes, a daughter of Emperor Henry IV. Conrad was appointed duke of Franconia by his uncle, emperor Henry V... Frederick Barbarossa in a 13th century Chronicle. ... Beatrice of Burgundy (died November 15, 1184) was the daughter and heiress of Renaud III, Count of Burgundy, and the second wife and Empress of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Constance of Sicily ( 1154 - November 27, 1198) was in her own right Queen of Sicily, became German Empress as the wife of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, and was the mother of the Emperor and King of Sicily Frederick II. She was the posthumous daughter of Roger II of... The family of the Hauteville (French: Maison de Hauteville, Italian: Casa dAltavilla) was a petty baronial Norman family from the Cotentin which rose to prominence in Europe, Asia, and Africa through its conquests in the Mediterranean, especially Southern Italy and Sicily. ... Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (November 1165, Nijmegen – September 28, 1197, Messina) was king of Germany 1190-1197, and Holy Roman Emperor 1191-1197. ... Irene Angelina (1177/1181 - 1208) was the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos by his first wife Herina. ... Philip of Swabia depicted in a medieval manuscript (about 1200) Philip of Swabia (1177-1208), German king and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV, was the fifth and youngest son of the emperor Frederick I and Beatrix, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and consequently...

House of Welf

Arms of the Hohenstaufen Dynasty The Hohenstaufen (or the Staufer(s)) were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia. ... Otto IV of Brunswick (died 1218) was King of Germany (1208-1215) and Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 - 1215. ... Leuven   (French Louvain, German Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in Flanders, Belgium, European Union. ...

House of Hohenstaufen (2)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Constance of Aragon	Barcelona	c.1183	5 August 1209	1211-1212 husband as King in opposition/ 5 July 1215 husband unopposed	22 November 1220	23 June 1222		Frederick II
	Yolande of Jerusalem	Brienne	1212	9 November 1225			25 April 1228
	Bianca Lancia	Lanzia	c.1200	c.1233? Evidence for marriage is dubious	never German Queen	c.1233? evidence for marriage is dubious		c.1233
	Isabella of England	Plantagenet	1214	1235			1 December 1241
	Margaret, Duchess of Austria Queen of the Romans	Babenberg	c.1204	1225 husband was King under his father, Emperor Frederick II		never Empress	12 February 1242	29 October 1266	Henry, King of the Romans
	Elisabeth of Bavaria Queen of the Romans	Wittelsbach	1227	1246		never Empress	21 May 1254 husband's death	9 October 1273	Conrad IV
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

The House of Aragón was a medieval dynasty which ruled over various territories in the Western Mediterranean. ... Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. ... Yolande of Brienne (1212 - 1228), also known as Yolanda or Isabella II, inherited the Kingdom of Jerusalem as an infant in 1212. ... The County of Brienne was a medieval county in France centered on Brienne-le-Château. ... Download high resolution version (944x805, 68 KB)Illustration from London, British Library, MS Royal 14 C VII, folio 123, marriage of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella Plantagenet. ... The wedding of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella. ... Angevin is the name applied to two distinct medieval dynasties which originated as counts (from 1360, dukes) of the western French province of Anjou (of which angevin is the adjectival form), but later came to rule far greater areas including England, Hungary and Poland (see Angevin Empire). ... Margaret of Austria (born in c 1204, died 29 October 1266) was (titularly) reigning Duchess of Austria in 1252-60, Queen Consort of the Romans 1225-35, and Queen consort of Bohemia 1253-60. ... Originally from Bamberg in Franconia, now northern Bavaria, the Babenbergs or Babenberger ruled Austria as counts of the march and dukes from 976 - 1248, before the rise of the house of Habsburg. ... Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. ... Henry (VII) (1211 – February 10, 1242), was King of the Romans, King of Sicily, and Duke of Swabia. ... The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... Conrad IV, Conrad of Hohenstaufen (April 25, 1228 Andria, Italy – May 21, 1254, Lavello), was king of Jerusalem (as Conrad II) 1228–1254, of Germany 1237–1254, and of Sicily (as Conrad I) 1250–1254. ...

House of Habsburg (1)

The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Habsburg) (May 1, 1218 – July 15, 1291) was a German king, who played a vital role in raising the Habsburg family to a leading position among the royal dynasties of Germany. ... The following is a list of the Dukes of Burgundy Richard of Autun, the Justicier (880–921) Rudolph of Burgundy (king of France from 923) (921–923) Hugh the Black (923–952) Gilbert of Chalon (952–956) Odo of Paris (956-965) Otto-Henry the Great...

House of Nassau

Adolf of Nassau (ca. ...

House of Habsburg (2)

Elisabeth de Gorizia de Tirol de Carantania (c. ... Albert I (July 1255 – May 1, 1308) was a German king, duke of Austria, and eldest son of King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrud of Hohenberg. ...

House of Luxemburg (1)

Margaret of Brabant (4 October 1276–14 December 1311, Genoa), daughter of John I, Duke of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders. ... Henry VII, (In German: Heinrich), ca. ...

House of Habsburg (3)

The House of Aragón was a medieval dynasty which ruled over various territories in the Western Mediterranean. ... Frederick the Handsome (born 1286; died January 13, 1330), from the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria as Frederick I and King of the Romans as Frederick (III). ...

House of Wittelsbach (1)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Beatrix von Silesia-Glogau Queen of the Romans		1290	1308	20 October 1314 husband's election	never Empress	24 August 1322		Louis IV
	Margaret, Countess of Hainaut	Avesnes	1311	26 February 1324		January 1328	11 October 1347	23 June 1356
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Emperor Louis IV Louis IV of Bavaria (also known as Ludwig the Bavarian) of the House of Wittelsbach (born 1282; died October 11, 1347) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (484x817, 232 KB) // Picture of Margaret II (1311 † 1356), countess of Hainaut and Holland Vosmeer, Michiel , Antwerpen, 1578. ... Margaret II of Avesnes (1311 – June 23, 1356), was Countess of Hainaut and Countess of Holland (as Margaret I) from 1345 to 1356. ... The House of Avesnes was a royal line of Kings of Holland during the 13th century. ...

House of Luxemburg (2)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Blanche of Valois Queen of the Romans	Valois	1316	May 1329	11 July 1346 husband's election (in opposition)	never Empress	1 August 1348		Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
	Anna of Bavaria Queen of the Romans	Wittelsbach	26 September 1329	4 March 1349	17 June 1349 husband's election (without opposition)	never Empress	2 February 1353
	Anne of Świdnica		c. 1339	27 May 1353		5 April 1355 coronation with husband	11 July 1362
	Elizabeth of Pomerania	Pomerania	1347	21 May 1363		1 November 1368 coronation	29 November 1378 husband's death	14 February 1393
	Johanna of Bavaria Queen of the Romans	Wittelsbach	c. 1362	29 September 1370	10 June 1376	never Empress	31 December 1386		Wenceslaus, King of the Romans
	Sofia of Bavaria Queen of the Romans	Wittelsbach	1376	2 May 1389		never Empress	20 August 1400 husband's deposition	26 September 1425
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ... Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... The Wittelsbach family were the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806. ... Anne Anne of Świdnica (Czech: Anna Svídnická) (1339 – 11 July 1362 in Prague) was Queen of Bohemia, German Queen and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Elizabeth of Pomerania (1347-1393) was the fourth and final wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia. ... Pomerania (Pommern Ger) (Pomorze Pol) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany, on the south coasts of Baltic Sea on both sides of the Oder River and reaches to the Vistula river in the east and Reknitz River in the west. ... Johanna of Bavaria was the daughter of Albert, Count of Holland, and Margaretha, the eldest daughter of Ludwik, Duke of Silesia. ... The Wittelsbach family were the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806. ... Wenceslaus (German: Wenzel, Czech: Václav IV; sometimes known as the Drunkard) (February 26, 1361 – August 16, 1419), of the house of Luxembourg, was king of Bohemia from 1378 to his death; until 1400, he also headed the Holy Roman Empire (as King of the Romans), and he continued to... Sofia of Bavaria (Czech: ; German: ; 1376 - 26 September 1425) was a Queen of Bohemia and the wife of Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia and ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (as King of the Romans). She was a daughter of John II, Duke of Bavaria and of the House of Wittelsbach. ... The Wittelsbach family were the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806. ...

House of Wittelsbach (2)

Hohenzollern redirects here. ... Rupert of the house of Wittelsbach (1352–1410) succeeded his father Rupert II as Rupert III, Count Palatine of the Rhine (see Palatinate) and one of the foremost rulers in western Germany in 1398. ...

House of Luxemburg (3)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Barbara of Celje	Celje	1390 to 1395	1408	21 July 1411 husband's election	31 May 1433 husband's coronation	9 December 1437 husband's death	11 July 1451	Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2024x2955, 823 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor ... Barbara of Celje (Slovenian Barbara Celjska) or Barbara of Cilli (about 1390/1395 - 11 July 1451) was Holy Roman Empress. ... The Upper Celje Castle (Zgornji Celjski grad), home of the Counts of Celje (today in a phase of renovation) In the Middle Ages, the town of Celje was the property of the Counts of Celje (Slovene Celjski grofje, German Grafen von Cilli). ... Sigismund, aged approximately 50, depicted by unknown artist in the 1420s - the only contemporary portrait. ...

House of Habsburg (4)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Elizabeth of Bohemia Queen of the Romans	Luxemburg	1409	1422	18 March 1438 husband's election	never Empress	27 October 1439 husband's death	25 December 1442	Albert II of Germany
	Leonor of Portugal	Aviz	18 September 1434	16 March 1452		19 March 1452 husband's coronation	3 September 1467		Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
	Bianca Maria of Milan	Sforza	5 April 1472	16 March 1494		4 February 1508 husband declared "emperor-elect"	31 December 1510		Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
	Isabella of Portugal	Aviz	23 October 1503	10 March 1526		24 February 1530 husband's coronation	1 May 1539		Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
	Anna of Bohemia and Hungary Queen of the Romans	Jagiello	23 July 1503	25 May 1521	January 1531 husband's election	never Empress	27 January 1547		Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
	Maria of Spain	Hapsburg (Spain)	21 June 1528	13 September 1548	November 1562 husband's election	25 July 1564 husband's ascension	12 October 1576 husband's death	26 February 1603	Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
	Anna of Austria	Hapsburg (Austria)	4 October 1585	4 December 1611	1612 husband's election		14 December 1618		Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
	Eleonore of Mantua	Gonzaga	23 September (23 February?) 1598	4 February 1622			15 February 1637 husband's death	27 June 1655	Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
	Maria Anna of Spain	Hapsburg (Spain)	18 August 1606	20 February 1631	22 December 1636 husband's election	15 February 1637 husband's ascension	13 May 1646		Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
	Maria Leopoldine of Austria	Hapsburg (Austria)	6 April 1632	2 July 1648			7 August 1649
	Eleanor of Mantua	Gonzaga	18 November 1630	30 April 1651			2 April 1657 husband's death	6 December 1686
	Margaret Theresa of Spain	Hapsburg (Spain)	12 July 1651	12 December 1666			12 March 1673		Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
	Claudia Felicitas of Austria	Hapsburg (Austria)	30 May 1653	15 October 1673			8 April 1676
	Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg	Wittelsbach	6 January 1655	14 December 1676			17 April 1711 husband's death	19 January 1720
	Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick	Welf	21 April 1673	24 February 1699		5 May 1705 husband's ascension	17 April 1711 husband's death	10 April 1742	Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
	Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	Welf	28 August (28 September?) 1691	1 August 1708	December 1711 husband's election		20 October 1740 husband's death	21 December 1750	Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Empress and Queen Elisabeth (1409 – 25 December 1442) was the only daughter of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary, by his second wife Barbara of Celje. ... The House of Luxembourg was a medieval Holy Roman Empire noble family. ... Albert II of Habsburg Albert II of Habsburg (August 10, 1397 – October 27, 1439), German ruler, king of Bohemia and Hungary, and (as Albert V) duke of Austria, was born on August 10, 1397, the son of Albert IV of Habsburg, duke of Austria. ... Eneias Silvio Piccolomini (the future Pope Pius II celebrating the marriage between Frederick III and Leonor. ... The House of Aviz is a dynasty of kings of Portugal. ... Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini Introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454-1513) Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... Bianca Maria Sforza (Milan, April 5, 1472 – December 31, 1510 in Innsbruck) was the daughter of Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan. ... Map of Italy in 1494. ... Portrait by Albrecht Dürer, 1519 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). ... Image File history File links Isabella_of_Portugal_(Karl_V.).jpg‎ Isabella of Portugal, wife of Emporer Karl V Source: nl:Afbeelding:Isabellavankarel. ... Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Spain and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, by Titian. ... The House of Aviz is a dynasty of kings of Portugal. ... Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. ... Anna Jagellonica of Bohemia and Hungary (July 23, 1503 - January 27, 1547) was queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Queen-consort of the Romans and heiress of Bohemia and Hungary. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty originating in Lithuania, which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... Ferdinand I Habsburg Ferdinand I (10 March 1503–25 July 1564), Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564), was born in Madrid, the son of Juana the Mad, Queen of Castile (1479–1555), and Philip I the Handsome, King of Castile (1478–1506), who was heir to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I... Maria of Spain (Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte, February 26, 1603) was the oldest daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II. His Coat of Arms Maximilian II of the Habsburg dynasty (July 31, 1527 – October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562, king of Hungary from 1563 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1564 until his death. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Holy Roman Emperor Matthias Matthias (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) of the House of Habsburg reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1612-1619, as King of Hungary from 1608-1619 (as Matthias II), and as King of Bohemia from 1611-1617. ... Image File history File links Eleonore_Gonzaga_1. ... Portrait of Eleonora Gonzaga. ... The coat of arms of the Duchy of Mantua. ... Emperor Ferdinand II Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1620-1637. ... Maria Anna (18 August 1606 – 13 May 1646), also known as Maria Anna of Austria, Infanta of Spain, was the youngest daughter of King Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 – 1657. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (367x658, 35 KB) w:Eleonore Gonzaga 17th century File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Eleonore Gonzaga ... The coat of arms of the Duchy of Mantua. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (628x900, 108 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Margaret Theresa of Spain Juan Bautista Martinez del Mazo ... Margaret of Spain in Mourning Dress 1666 by Juan Bautista Martinez del Mazo. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Silver coin of Leopold I, 3 Kreuzers, dated 1670. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Image File history File links Eleonore_of_Pfalz_Neuburg. ... Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg or Eleonore of Pfalz-Neuburg (January 6, 1655, Düsseldorf - January 19, 1720, Vienna) was empress of Austria as wife of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. ... The Wittelsbach family were the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806. ... The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century until the 20th century. ... Joseph I. Joseph I (July 26, 1678 – April 17, 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, was the elder son of the emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleanora, Countess Palatine, daughter of Philip William of Neuburg, Elector Palatine. ... Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was empress of the Holy Roman Empire and mother of Maria Theresa of Austria. ... The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th century until the 20th century. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI of Austria (October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg, came first to the throne with the name Charles III of...

House of Wittelsbach (3)

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Maria Amalia of Austria	Hapsburg	22 October 1701	5 October 1722	24 January 1742 husband's election		20 January 1745 husband's death	11 December 1756	Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Image File history File links Maria_AmaliaBayern. ... Marie Amelie in Hunting Dress Marie Amalie or Maria Amalia, Archduchess of Austria (October 22, 1701 - December 11, 1756) was the daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmina Amalia, daughter of Duke Frederick of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Emperor Charles VII Albert (Brussels August 6, 1697 – January 20, 1745 in Munich), a member of the Wittelsbach family, was Prince-elector of Bavaria from 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from January 24, 1742 until his death in 1745. ...

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse
	Maria Theresa of Austria	Hapsburg	13 May 1717	12 February 1736	13 September 1745 husband's election		18 August 1765 husband's death	29 November 1780	Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
	Maria Josepha of Bavaria	Wittelsbach	30 March 1739	23 January 1765		18 August 1765 husband's ascension	28 May 1767		Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
	Maria Louisa of Spain	Bourbon-Spain	24 November 1745	16 February 1764 (by proxy) 5 August 1765	30 September 1790 husband's election		1 March 1792 husband's death	15 May 1792	Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
	Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies	Bourbon-Two Sicilies	6 June 1772	15 August 1790	5 July 1792 husband's election		6 August 1806 husband's abdication	13 April 1807	Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Picture	Name	House	Birth	Marriage	Became Queen	Became Empress	Ceased to be Consort	Death	Spouse

Image File history File links Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_(HRR). ... Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia The worlds most famous coin, a silver thaler of Maria Theresa, dated 1780 Maria Theresa (German: ; May 13, 1717–November 29, 1780) was (reigning) Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. ... Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Francis I Silver coin of Francis I, dated 1754. ... The Wittelsbach family were the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806. ... Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II Joseph II (Joseph Benedict August Johannes Anton Michel Adam) (March 13, 1741 – February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. ... Maria Louisa(Spanish: Maria Luisa, German: Maria Ludovika) (24 November 1745 - 15 May 1792) was Empress consort to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II. Maria Louisa was born in Portici, in Campania, the site of the summer palace of her parents, King Charles VII and Queen Maria Amalia of Naples and... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II. Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (May 5, 1747 – March 1, 1792) was the penultimate Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand Duke of Tuscany. ... Maria Teresa of the Two Sicilies (June 6, 1772, Naples - April 13, 1807, Vienna) was the eldest daughter of Fernando I, King of the Two Sicilies (1751-1825) and his wife, Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria (1752-1814). ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... The Two Sicilies The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Italian: il Regno delle Due Sicilie) was the new name that the Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of Naples bestowed upon his domain (including Southern Italy and the island of Sicily) after the end of the Napoleonic Era and the full restoration... Francis I in Austrian coronation regalia, 1832 Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (German language: Franz II, Heiliger Römischer Kaiser) also referred to as Franz I, Emperor of Austria (February 12, 1768 – March 2, 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until August 6, 1806, when the...

Consorts of disputed Kings

In addition to the above, the following women were the wives of men who made claim to the Kingship of Germany, but who are not recognised as official Kings:

• Adelheid of Savoy (d.1080). She was the wife of Rudolf of Rheinfeld, anti-King between 1077 and 1080.
• Beatrice of Brabant (1225-11 November 1288). On 10 March 1241, she became the second wife of Henry Raspe, anti-King between 1246 and 1247.
• Elizabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d.1266). She was the wife of William II of Holland, who was elected as an anti-King of Germany in 1247. He was crowned King of the Romans at Aachen in 1248, and married Elizabeth in 1252. However, he failed to establish sufficient power or recognition as King, and died in battle in 1256. The Interregnum of the Holy Roman Empire is dated not from his death, but from that of his predecessor, Conrad IV, and thus Elizabeth is not recognised as an official Queen.
• Sanchia of Provence (1225-1261) and Beatrice of Falkenburg (d.1277). They were the second and third (m.1269) wives respectively of Richard of Cornwall, who was elected King of Germany and of the Romans in 1257, in the hope that he would reestablish order in Germany. He was crowned King of the Romans by the Pope at Aachen in 1257; with him was crowned Sanchia. Since he never managed to establish any power in the Empire, Sanchia and Beatrice were Queens of the Romans in name only, and were never Empresses.
• Violant of Aragon (1236-1301). She was the wife of Alfonso X of Castile, who claimed and was elected as anti-King to the German throne in 1257 as a grandson of Philip of Swabia. Alfonso never visited Germany, held no authority there, and relinquished his claims in 1275.
• Elisabeth von Hohnstein (died c. 4 April 1380). She was the wife of Günther von Schwarzburg, who was elected King of Germany and of the Romans in place of Louis IV on 30 January 1348, but who was forced to resign his claims by Charles IV on 24 May 1349.

Heinrich Raspe (1204 - February 16, 1247) became Landgraf, or count, of Thuringia (now part of modern-day Germany) in 1227; he later became king in 1246-1247 in opposition to Conrad IV. First in Thuringia, Heinrich ruled for his under-age nephew Hermann II, whom he had expelled from the... Conrad IV, Conrad of Hohenstaufen (April 25, 1228 Andria, Italy – May 21, 1254, Lavello), was king of Jerusalem (as Conrad II) 1228–1254, of Germany 1237–1254, and of Sicily (as Conrad I) 1250–1254. ... Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was Count of Poitou (bef. ... Alfonso X and his court. ... Philip of Swabia depicted in a medieval manuscript (about 1200) Philip of Swabia (1177-1208), German king and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV, was the fifth and youngest son of the emperor Frederick I and Beatrix, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and consequently... Günther von Schwarzburg (1304-1349), German king, was a descendant of the counts of Schwarzburg and the younger son of Henry VII, count of Blankenburg. ... Emperor Louis IV Louis IV of Bavaria (also known as Ludwig the Bavarian) of the House of Wittelsbach (born 1282; died October 11, 1347) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and... Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ...

See also

• List of Austrian Empresses (1804-1918).