NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of Ig Nobel Prize winners

This is a list of Ig Nobel Prize winners from 1991 to the present day. The awards are given based on their silliness more than anything else. Commenting on the 2006 awards, Marc Abrahams, editor of Annals of Improbable Research, co-sponsor of the awards, said: "The prizes are intended to celebrate the unusual, honour the imaginative - and spur people's interest in science, medicine and technology."^[1] All prizes are awarded for real achievements (except for three in 1991 and one in 1994 due to an erroneous press release). Flying frog. ... The Annals of Improbable Research (AIR) is a monthly magazine devoted to scientific humour, in the form of a satirical take on the standard academic journal. ...

1991

Biology - Robert Klark Graham, selector of seeds and prophet of propagation, for his pioneering development of the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank that accepts donations only from Nobellians and Olympians.
Chemistry - Jacques Benveniste, prolific proselytizer and dedicated correspondent of Nature, for his persistent discovery that water, H₂O, is an intelligent liquid, and for demonstrating to his satisfaction that water is able to remember events long after all traces of those events have vanished.
Economics - Michael Milken, titan of Wall Street and father of the junk bond, to whom the world is indebted.
Education - J. Danforth Quayle, consumer of time and occupier of space (as well as the U.S. Vice President from 1989-93), for demonstrating, better than anyone else, the need for science education.
Literature - Erich von Däniken, visionary raconteur and author of Chariots of the Gods?, for explaining how human civilization was influenced by ancient astronauts from outer space.
Medicine - Alan Kligerman, deviser of digestive deliverance, vanquisher of vapor, and inventor of Beano, for his pioneering work with anti-gas liquids that prevent bloat, gassiness, discomfort and embarrassment.
Peace - Edward Teller, father of the hydrogen bomb and first champion of the Star Wars weapons system, for his lifelong efforts to change the meaning of peace as we know it.

Robert Klark Graham (June 9, 1906 â€“ February 13, 1997) was born in Harbor Springs, Michigan, USA. He was a eugenicist and businessman who made millions by developing shatter-proof plastic eyeglass lenses, and who later founded the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank for geniuses in the hope of... French immunologist Jacques Benveniste (March 12, 1935 - October 3, 2004) gained international notoriety in 1988 when he published a paper in the prestigious scientific journal Nature that claimed to have found valid evidence for homeopathy. ... The English language word proselytism is derived ultimately from the Greek language prefix pros (towards) and the verb erchomai (to come). ... Nature is a prominent scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869. ... H2O and HOH redirect here. ... Michael Robert Milken, born July 4, 1946, in Encino, California, is an American financier best known as the Junk Bond King of 1980s era Wall Street. ... High yield debt (non-investment grade or junk bond) is a business term referring to a corporate debt instrument, usually a bond, that has a higher yield (compared to investment grade debt) because of a high perceived credit risk (default risk). ... James Danforth Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the forty-fourth Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989â€“1993). ... Erich Anton Paul von DÃ¤niken (b. ... Chariots of the Gods?: Unsolved Mysteries of the Past is a book written in 1968 by Erich von DÃ¤niken. ... ... Beano is an enzyme-based dietary supplement that is alleged by its manufacturer to reduce gas in the digestive tract, thereby preventing flatulence. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 â€“ September 9, 2003) was a Austria-Hungary-born American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983[1] to use ground-based and space-based systems to protect the United States from attack by strategic nuclear ballistic missiles. ...

Apocryphal achievements

The first nomination also featured three fictional recipients for fictional achievements.^[2]

Interdisciplinary research: Josiah S. Carberry, for his work in psychoceramics, the study of "cracked pots."
Pedestrian technology: Paul DeFanti, "wizard of structures and crusader for public safety, for his invention of the Buckybonnet, a geodesic fashion structure that pedestrians wear to protect their heads and preserve their composure".
Physics: Thomas Kyle, for his discovery of "the heaviest element in the universe, Administratium"

Josiah Stinkney Carberry is a fictional professor, created as a joke. ... Josiah Stinkney Carberry is a fictional professor, created as a joke. ... Crank (or kook, crackpot, or quack) is a pejorative term for a person who writes or speaks in an authoritative fashion about a particular subject, often in science, but is alleged to have false or even ludicrous beliefs. ... In 1991, Paul DeFanti received the Ig Nobel Pedestrian Technology Prize for the invention of the Buckybonnet, a Buckminster Fulleresque geodesic fashion structure that pedestrians wear to protect their heads and preserve their composure. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

1992

Archeology - Eclaireurs de France (a French Scouting organization), removers of graffiti, for damaging the prehistoric paintings of two Bisons in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel.
Art - Presented jointly to Jim Knowlton, modern Renaissance man, for his classic anatomy poster "Penises of the Animal Kingdom," and to the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts, for encouraging Mr. Knowlton to extend his work in the form of a pop-up book.
Biology - Dr. Cecil Jacobson, relentlessly generous sperm donor, and prolific patriarch of sperm banking, for devising a simple, single-handed method of quality control.
Chemistry - Ivette Bassa, constructor of colorful colloids, for her role in the crowning achievement of twentieth century chemistry, the synthesis of bright blue Jell-O.
Economics - The investors of Lloyd's of London, heirs to 300 years of dull prudent management, for their bold attempt to insure disaster by refusing to pay for their company's losses.
Literature - Yuri Struchkov, unstoppable author from the Institute of Organoelement Compounds in Moscow, for the 948 scientific papers he published between the years 1981 and 1990, averaging more than one every 3.9 days.
Medicine - F. Kanda, E. Yagi, M. Fukuda, K. Nakajima, T. Ohta, and O. Nakata of the Shiseido Research Center in Yokohama, for their pioneering research study "Elucidation of Chemical Compounds Responsible for Foot Malodour," especially for their conclusion that people who think they have foot odor do, and those who don't, don't.
Nutrition - The utilizers of SPAM, courageous consumers of canned comestibles, for 54 years of undiscriminating digestion.
Peace - Daryl Gates, former police chief of the City of Los Angeles, for his uniquely compelling methods of bringing people together.
Physics - David Chorley and Doug Bower, lions of low-energy physics, for their circular contributions to field theory based on the geometrical destruction of English crops.

For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ... Species â€ B. antiquus B. bison B. bonasus â€ B. latifrons â€ B. occidentalis â€ B. priscus Bison is a taxonomic group containing six species of large even-toed ungulates within the subfamily Bovinae. ... The Cave of MayriÃ¨re supÃ©rieure (French: ) is a cave near Bruniquel, Tarn-et-Garonne, France, which contains two prehistoric cave paintings of Bisons, damaged during an attempt to remove modern graffiti. ... Bruniquel is one of the 195 Communes of the Tarn-et-Garonne département of France. ... Leonardo da Vinci, a polymath, is seen as the epitome of the related term, Renaissance Man A polymath (Greek polymathÄ“s, Ï€Î¿Î»Ï…Î¼Î±Î¸Î®Ï‚, having learned much)[1][2] is a person with encyclopedic, broad, or varied knowledge or learning. ... The National Endowment for the Arts is a United States federally funded program that offers support and funding for projects that exhibit artistic excellence. ... Cecil Byran Jacobson (born October 2, 1936 in Salt Lake City, Utah) was an American fertility doctor who used his own sperm to impregnate his patients, without informing them. ... JELL-O is a brand name belonging to USA-based Kraft Foods for a number of gelatin desserts, including fruit gels, puddings and no-bake cream pies. ... It has been suggested that Council of Lloyds be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Shiseido Company, Ltd. ... For the town of Yokohama in Aomori Prefecture, see Yokohama, Aomori. ... Foot odor is a type of body odor that affects the feet of humans and is characterized by a smell generally regarded as unpleasant. ... This article is about the canned meat product. ... Daryl F. Gates was the Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) from 1978 until 1992. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ... This article is about the band, Crop Circles, for information about the controversial phenomenon, see crop circle. ...

1993

Biology - Presented jointly to Paul Williams Jr. of the Oregon State Health Division and Kenneth W. Newel of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, bold biological detectives, for their pioneering study, "Salmonella Excretion in Joy-Riding Pigs".
Chemistry - Presented jointly to James Campbell and Gaines Campbell of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, dedicated deliverers of fragrance, for inventing scent strips, the odious method by which perfume is applied to magazine pages.
Consumer Engineering - Presented to Ron Popeil, incessant inventor and perpetual pitchman of late night television, for redefining the industrial revolution with such devices as the Veg-O-Matic, the Pocket Fisherman, Mr. Microphone, and the Inside-the-Shell Egg Scrambler.
Economics - Presented to Ravi Batra of Southern Methodist University, shrewd economist and best-selling author of The Great Depression of 1990 and Surviving the Great Depression of 1990, for selling enough copies of his books to single-handedly prevent worldwide economic collapse.
Literature - Presented to E. Topol, R. Califf, F. Van de Werf, P. W. Armstrong, and their 972 co-authors, for publishing a medical research paper which has one hundred times as many authors as pages. The authors are from the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Mathematics - Presented to Robert W. Faid of Greenville, South Carolina, farsighted and faithful seer of statistics, for calculating the exact odds (860,609,175,188, 282,100 to 1) that Mikhail Gorbachev is the Antichrist.
Medicine - Presented to James F. Nolan, Thomas J. Stillwell, and John P. Sands, Jr., medical men of mercy, for their painstaking research report, "Acute Management of the Zipper-Entrapped Penis."
Peace - The Pepsi-Cola Company of the Philippines, for sponsoring a contest to create a millionaire, and then announcing the wrong winning number, thereby inciting and uniting 800,000 riotously expectant winners, and bringing many warring factions together for the first time in their nation's history.
Physics - Presented to Corentin Louis Kervran of France, ardent admirer of alchemy, for his conclusion that the calcium in chickens' eggshells is created by a process of cold fusion.
Psychology - Presented jointly to John Edward Mack of Harvard Medical School and David M. Jacobs of Temple University, for their conclusion that people who believe they were kidnapped by aliens from outer space, probably were — and especially for their conclusion, "the focus of the abduction is the production of children".
Visionary Technology - Presented jointly to Jay Schiffman of Farmington Hills, Michigan, crack inventor of AutoVision, an image projection device that makes it possible to drive a car and watch television at the same time, and to the Michigan State Legislature, for making it legal to do so.

Lookout Mountain is a town located in Hamilton County, Tennessee. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Inventor (disambiguation). ... Infomercials are television commercials that run as long as a typical television program (roughly thirty minutes or an hour). ... Ravi Batra is a U.S. economist and professor at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. ... Dallas Hall at Dedman College at SMU The Laura Lee Blanton Hall during a rare snow storm Southern Methodist University (commonly SMU) is a nationally recognized, private, coeducational university in University Park, Texas (an enclave of Dallas). ... WORLD OF WARCRAFT IS THE BEST GAME EVER INVENTED AND PLAY IT. IF YOU DONT PLAY WORLD OF WARCRAFT, YOU ARE A nOOb. ... Robert W. Faid is an American author, numerologist and former nuclear engineer from Greenville, South Carolina. ... Greenville is the third largest city in the state of South Carolina. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev[1] (Russian: , IPA: ; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian politician. ... For the Friedrich Nietzsche book, see The Antichrist. ... The current Pepsi logo Pepsi-Cola (often shortened to Pepsi), is a carbonated cola soft drink manufactured by PepsiCo, and the principal rival of Coca-Cola. ... Millionairess redirects here. ... Corentin Louis Kervran (1901 - 1983) was a French (Breton) scientist best known for his defense of biological transmutation. ... For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... This article is about the nuclear reaction. ... John Edward Mack, M.D. (October 4, 1929 â€“ September 27, 2004) was an American Psychiatrist and Professor at Harvard Medical School. ... Harvard Medical School (HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University. ... For the private Christian university in Tennessee, see Tennessee Temple University. ... For other uses of related terms, see abduction. ... Farmington Hills is the most populous city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... â€œCarâ€ and â€œCarsâ€ redirect here. ... The Michigan Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Michigan. ...

1994

Biology - Presented to W. Brian Sweeney, Brian Krafte-Jacobs, Jeffrey W. Britton, and Wayne Hansen, for their breakthrough study, "The Constipated Serviceman: Prevalence Among Deployed US Troops," and especially for their numerical analysis of bowel movement frequency.
Chemistry - Presented to Texas State Senator Bob Glasgow, wise writer of logical legislation, for sponsoring the 1989 drug control law which makes it illegal to purchase beakers, flasks, test tubes, or other laboratory glassware without a permit.
Economics - Presented to Juan Pablo Davila of Chile, tireless trader of financial futures and former employee of the state-owned Codelco Company, for instructing his computer to "buy" when he meant "sell." He subsequently attempted to recoup his losses by making increasingly unprofitable trades that ultimately lost 0.5 percent of Chile's gross national product. Davila's relentless achievement inspired his countrymen to coin a new verb, "davilar", meaning "to botch things up royally."
Entomology - Presented to Robert A. Lopez of Westport, NY, valiant veterinarian and friend of all creatures great and small, for his series of experiments in obtaining ear mites from cats, inserting them into his own ear, and carefully observing and analyzing the results.
Literature - Presented to L. Ron Hubbard, ardent author of science fiction and founding father of Scientology, for his crackling Good Book, Dianetics, which is highly profitable to mankind — or to a portion thereof.
Mathematics - Presented to The Southern Baptist Church of Alabama, mathematical measurers of morality, for their county-by-county estimate of how many Alabama citizens will go to Hell if they don't repent.
Medicine - Two prizes. First, to Patient X, formerly of the US Marine Corps, valiant victim of a venomous bite from his pet rattlesnake, for his determined use of electroshock therapy. At his own insistence, automobile spark plug wires were attached to his lip, and the car engine revved to 3,000 rpm for five minutes. Second, to Dr. Richard C. Dart of the Rocky Mountain Poison Center and Dr. Richard A. Gustafson of The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, for their well-grounded medical report, "Failure of Electric Shock Treatment for Rattlesnake Envenomation."
Peace - Presented to John Hagelin of Maharishi University and The Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, for his experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused an 18 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D.C.
Psychology - Presented to Lee Kuan Yew, former Prime Minister of Singapore, for his thirty-year study of the effects of punishing three million citizens of Singapore whenever they spat, chewed gum, or fed pigeons.

Defecation or feceation (known colloquially as pooping or shitting) is the act of eliminating solid or semisolid waste material from the digestive tract. ... The Texas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Texas. ... A beaker is a simple container for liquids, very commonly used in laboratories. ... A test tube (Sometimes culture tube) is a kind of laboratory glassware, composed of a fingerlike length of glass tubing, open at the top, sometimes with a rounded lip at the top, and a rounded U shaped bottom. ... This article is about the machine. ... Look up veterinarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms Felis lybica invalid junior synonym The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal. ... Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 â€“ January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard, was an American author in numerous pulp fiction genres[2][3][4][5] as well as a prolific writer of non-fiction[6][7] works, creator of Dianetics, and founder of the Church of Scientology. ... For other uses, see Author (disambiguation). ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Doctrine Practices Concepts People Public outreach Organization Controversy Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices created by American pulp fiction author L. Ron Hubbard in 1952 as an outgrowth of his earlier self-help system, Dianetics. ... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based Christian denomination that consists of numerous agencies including six seminaries, two mission boards and a variety of other organizations such as: the Executive Committee of the Southern Baptist Convention, which can act for the SBC ad interim between annual meetings... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Morality (from the Latin manner, character, proper behaviour) has three principal meanings. ... The Inferno redirects here. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... Species 27 species; see list of rattlesnake species and subspecies. ... Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroshock or ECT, is a controversial type of psychiatric shock therapy involving the induction of an artificial seizure in a patient by passing electricity through the brain. ... This article or section should include material from Spark gap A spark plug is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines and ignites compressed aerosol gasoline by means of an electric spark. ... The University of Arizona (UA or U of A) is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. ... Dr. John Hagelin Dr. John Hagelin, scientist, educator, and three-time third-party candidate for President of the United States, is Professor of Physics, Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy at Maharishi University of Management, and Minister of Science and Technology of the Global Country of... Maharishi University of Management (M.U.M.), formerly known as Maharishi International University, is located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is æŽ (Li) Lee Kuan Yew, GCMG, CH (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born September 16, 1923; also spelled Lee Kwan-Yew), was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. ... The Priminster of Singa pyohbsdg vjhd|Lee Kuan Yew||3 June 1959 || 28 November 1990 || 1968 GE 94. ...

Apocryphal achievements, no longer officially listed

Physics - Presented to The Japanese Meteorological Agency, for its seven-year study of whether earthquakes are caused by catfish wiggling their tails. This winner is not officially listed, as it was based on what turned out to be erroneous press accounts.

Japan Meteorological Agency building at Chiyoda, Tokyo. ... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998. ... This article is about the siluriform catfishes; for the Atlantic catfish, see Seawolf (fish); for other uses, see Catfish (disambiguation). ...

1995

Chemistry - Presented to Bijan Pakzad of Beverly Hills, for creating DNA Cologne and DNA Perfume, neither of which contain deoxyribonucleic acid, and both of which come in a triple helix bottle.
Dentistry - Presented to Robert H. Beaumont, of Shoreview, Minnesota, for his incisive study "Patient Preference for Waxed or Unwaxed Dental Floss."
Economics - Presented jointly to Nick Leeson and his superiors at Barings Bank and to Robert Citron of Orange County, California for using the calculus of derivatives to demonstrate that every financial institution has its limits.
Literature -Presented to David B. Busch and James R. Starling, of Madison, Wisconsin, for their research report, "Rectal Foreign Bodies: Case Reports and a Comprehensive Review of the World's Literature." The citations include reports of, among other items: seven light bulbs; a knife sharpener; two flashlights; a wire spring; a snuff box; an oil can with potato stopper; eleven different forms of fruits, vegetables and other foodstuffs; a jeweler's saw; a frozen pig's tail; a tin cup; a beer glass; and one patient's remarkable ensemble collection consisting of spectacles, a suitcase key, a tobacco pouch and a magazine.
Medicine - Presented to Marcia E. Buebel, David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa, and Michael R. Boyle, for their study entitled "The Effects of Unilateral Forced Nostril Breathing on Cognition."
Nutrition - Presented to John Martinez of J. Martinez & Company in Atlanta, for Luak Coffee, the world's most expensive coffee, which is made from coffee beans ingested and excreted by the luak, a bobcat-like animal native to Indonesia.
Peace - Presented to the Taiwan National Parliament, for demonstrating that politicians gain more by punching, kicking and gouging each other than by waging war against other nations.
Physics - Presented to Dominique M.R. Georget, R. Parker, and Andrew C. Smith of Norwich, England, for their rigorous analysis of soggy breakfast cereal. It was published in the report entitled "A Study of the Effects of Water Content on the Compaction Behaviour of Breakfast Cereal Flakes."
Psychology - Presented to Shigeru Watanabe, Junko Sakamoto, and Masumi Wakita, of Keio University, for their success in training pigeons to discriminate between the paintings of Picasso and those of Monet.
Public Health - Presented to Martha Kold Bakkevig of Sintef Unimed in Trondheim, Norway, and Ruth Nielson of the Technical University of Denmark, for their exhaustive study, "Impact of Wet Underwear on Thermoregulatory Responses and Thermal Comfort in the Cold."

Bijan Pakzad[1] (generally known simply as Bijan) (born 1944)[2] is a well-known designer of menswear and fragrances. ... For other uses, see: Beverly Hills (disambiguation). ... DNA replication Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid which carries genetic instructions for the biological development of all cellular forms of life and many viruses. ... Shoreview is a city located in Ramsey County, Minnesota. ... Nicholas Leeson (English, born February 25, 1967) is a former derivatives trader whose unsupervised speculative trading caused the collapse of Barings Bank, the United Kingdoms oldest investment bank. ... Barings Bank (1762 to 1995) was the oldest merchant banking company in London, England [1] until its collapse in 1995 after one of the banks employees, Nick Leeson, lost $1. ... Robert Lafee Citron was the longtime Treasurer-Tax Collector of Orange County, California when Orange County declared Chapter 9 bankruptcy on December 6, 1994. ... Cities in Orange County Orange County is a county in Southern California, United States. ... For other uses, see Calculus (disambiguation). ... Derivatives traders at the Chicago Board of Trade. ... Nickname: Location of Madison in Dane County, Wisconsin Coordinates: , Municipality City Incorporated 1848 Government - Mayor Dave Cieslewicz Area - City 219. ... Rectal foreign bodies are a common occurrence in hospital emergency rooms. ... The light bulb is one of the most significant inventions in the history of the human race, illuminating the darkness of the evening and bringing light indoors at all times in order focus on the task at hand. ... For the Parliament song, see Flash Light (song). ... For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... Popular Japanese fashion magazine throughout the 1990s; the photography of which has recently been reissued in two collections from Phaidon press. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... For other uses, see Pig (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ... Glasses, spectacles, or eyeglasses are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes, sometimes for purely aesthetic reasons but normally for vision correction or eye protection. ... A typical suitcase A suitcase is a narrow box-shaped bag, usually made of cloth or vinyl that more or less keeps its shape, has a handle at one end and is used mainly for transporting clothes and other possessions during trips. ... Shredded tobacco leaf for pipe smoking Tobacco can also be pressed into plugs and sliced into flakes Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the state capital of Georgia. ... Kopi Luwak or Civet coffee is coffee made from coffee berries which have been eaten by and passed through the digestive tract of the Asian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). ... For other uses, see Coffee (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Pallas, 1777 The Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), or Asian Palm Civet, Luak or Luwak, is a cat-sized mammal in the family Viverridae native to South-east Asia and southern China. ... The Republic of China (ROC) currently has jurisdiction over Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores Islands (Penghu) and several smaller islands. ... A politician is an individual involved in politics, sometimes this may include political scientists. ... Legislative violence broadly refers to any violent clashes between members of a nations legislature. ... This article is about the English city. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Keio University ) is one of the oldest private universities in Japan. ... Pigeon redirects here. ... A young Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, formally Pablo Ruiz Picasso, (October 25, 1881 - April 8, 1973) was one of the recognized masters of 20th century art. ... Oscar-Claude Monet (November 14, 1840 - December 5, 1926), French impressionist painter. ... County District Municipality NO-1601 Administrative centre Trondheim Mayor (2003-) Rita Ottervik (AP) Official language form Neutral Area - Total - Land - Percentage Ranked 258 342 kmÂ² 322 kmÂ² 0. ... Technical University of Denmark The Technical University of Denmark (Danish: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)) was founded in 1829 as the College of Advanced Technology (Danish: Den Polytekniske LÃ¦reanstalt) belonging to the University of Copenhagen. ...

1996

Art - Presented to Don Featherstone of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, for his ornamentally evolutionary invention, the plastic pink flamingo.
Biodiversity - Presented to Chonosuke Okamura of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory in Nagoya, Japan, for discovering the fossils of dinosaurs, horses, dragons, princesses, and more than one thousand other extinct "mini-species," each of which less than 0.25 mm in length.
Biology - Presented jointly to Anders Barheim and Hogne Sandvik of the University of Bergen, Norway, for their report, "Effect of Ale, Garlic, and Soured Cream on the Appetite of Leeches."
Chemistry - Presented to George Goble of Purdue University, for his blistering world record time for igniting a barbecue grill: three seconds, using charcoal and liquid oxygen.
Economics - Presented to Dr. Robert J. Genco of the University at Buffalo for his discovery that "financial strain is a risk indicator for destructive periodontal disease."
Literature - Presented to the editors of the journal Social Text for eagerly publishing research that they could not understand, that the author said was meaningless, and which claimed that reality does not exist. (see Sokal Affair for details)
Medicine - Presented to James Johnston of R.J. Reynolds, Joseph Taddeo of U.S. Tobacco, Andrew Tisch of Lorillard, William Campbell of Philip Morris, Edward A. Horrigan of Liggett Group, Donald S. Johnston of American Tobacco Company, and Thomas E. Sandefur, Jr., chairman of Brown and Williamson Tobacco Company, for their unshakable discovery, as testified to the U.S. Congress, that nicotine is not addictive.
Peace - Presented to Jacques Chirac, President of France, for commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Hiroshima with atomic bomb tests in the Pacific.
Physics - Presented to Robert Matthews of Aston University, England, for his studies of Murphy's Law, and especially for demonstrating that toast often falls on the buttered side.
Public Health - Presented to Ellen Kleist of Nuuk, Greenland and Harald Moi of Oslo, Norway, for their cautionary medical report "Transmission of Gonorrhea Through an Inflatable Doll."

Nickname: River City Settled: 1730 â€“ Incorporated: 1764 Zip Code(s): 01420 â€“ Area Code(s): 351 / 978 Official website: http://www. ... Lawn flamingos in their natural habitat. ... Nagoya ) is the fourth largest city in Japan. ... Orders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Dinosaurs are giant reptiles that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for most of their 165-million year existence. ... Who ever deleted my page is a prat and i wil hunt them down on lucy and shout at them loudly! RAAAAARRR! connie sansom ... Chinese dragon, color engraving on wood, Chinese school, 19th Century The dragon is a mythical creature typically depicted as a large and powerful serpent or other reptile with magical or spiritual qualities. ... For other uses, see Princess (disambiguation). ... The University of Bergen (Universitetet i Bergen) is located in Bergen, Norway. ... George H. Goble is a staff member at the Purdue University Engineering Computer Network and a 1995 igNobel Prize winner. ... Purdue redirects here. ... Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (UB) (also known as SUNY Buffalo) is a coeducational public research university, which has multiple campuses located in Buffalo and Amherst, New York, USA. Offering 84 bachelors, 184 masters and 78 doctoral degrees, it is the largest and most... The Sokal Affair was a hoax by physicist Alan Sokal on the editorial staff and readership of a leading journal in the academic humanities. ... The RJR Headquarters building (back left) in Winston Salem, NC was built prior to the Empire State Building, which was designed by the same architect. ... US Smokeless Tobacco is a tobacco company that has been manufacturing smokeless dipping tobacco for over one hundred years. ... Lorillard Tobacco Company is an American tobacco company which holds a significant share of the American tobacco market. ... Altria Group, Inc. ... Liggett Tobacco, formerly known as Liggett and Meyers Tobacco Company. ... The American Tobacco Company was founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke as a merger between a number of tobacco manufacturers including Allen and Ginter. ... Brown & Williamson is an American tobacco company, which produces cigarette brands. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... This article is about the chemical compound. ... â€œChiracâ€ redirects here. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... For other uses, see Hiroshima (disambiguation). ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... Aston University from the Aston Expressway Aston University is a plate glass campus university, situated on a 40-acre (0. ... For other uses, see Murphys Law (disambiguation). ... Nuuk (Danish/Norwegian: Godthåb, which translates to Good Hope in English) is the capital of the self-governing Danish territory of Greenland. ... This article is about the capital of Norway. ...

1997

Astronomy - Presented to Richard C. Hoagland of New Jersey, for identifying artificial features on the moon and on Mars, including a human face on Mars and ten-mile high buildings on the far side of the moon.
Biology - Presented to T. Yagyu and his colleagues from the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland, the Kansai Medical University in Osaka, Japan, and the Neuroscience Technology Research in Prague, Czech Republic, for measuring people's brainwave patterns while they chewed different flavors of gum.^[3]
Communications - Presented to Sanford Wallace, president of Cyber Promotions of Philadelphia. Nothing has stopped this self-appointed courier from delivering electronic junk mail to all the world.
Economics - Presented to Akihiro Yokoi of Wiz Company in Chiba, Japan, and Aki Maita of Bandai Company in Tokyo, for diverting millions of person-hours of work into the husbandry of virtual pets.
Entomology - Presented to Mark Hostetler of the University of Florida, for his book, That Gunk on Your Car, which identifies the insect splats that appear on automobile windows.
Literature - Presented to Doron Witztum, Eliyahu Rips, and Yoav Rosenberg of Israel, and to Michael Drosnin of the United States, for their statistical discovery that the Bible contains a secret, hidden code.
Medicine - Presented to Carl J. Charnetski and Francis X. Brennan, Jr. of Wilkes University, and James F. Harrison of Muzak Ltd. in Seattle, Washington, for their discovery that listening to Muzak stimulates immunity system production and thus may help prevent the common cold.
Meteorology - Presented to Bernard Vonnegut of the State University of New York at Albany, for his report, "Chicken Plucking as Measure of Tornado Wind Speed."
Peace - Presented to Harold Hillman of the University of Surrey, England, for his report "The Possible Pain Experienced During Execution by Different Methods."
Physics - Presented to John Bockris of Texas A&M University, for his achievements in cold fusion, in the transmutation of base elements into gold, and in the electrochemical incineration of domestic rubbish.

Richard C. Hoagland (born April 25, 1945) is an author of books that reject the scientific method in favour of speculative theories on astronomical topics, and conspiracy theories connected to the U.S. space program. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other moons in the solar system see natural satellite. ... Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ... Mars Orbital Cameras 2001 image of the face The Face on Mars is a large feature on the surface of the planet Mars located in the Cydonia region, thought by many to resemble a human face. ... General view showing Grossmünster church. ... Osaka ) is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of HonshÅ«. The city is the capital of Osaka Prefecture. ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... Bubblegum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles. ... Sanford Spamford Wallace is a spammer who came to notoriety in 1997, promoting himself as the original Spam King. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... E-mail spam, also known as bulk e-mail or junk e-mail is a subset of spam that involves sending nearly identical messages to numerous recipients by e-mail. ... Chiba Prefecture ) is located in the Greater Tokyo Area of Honshu Island, Japan. ... This article is about the Japanese toy manufacturer. ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... A digital pet, also known as a virtual pet, is a type of artificial human companion: a simple computer designed to simulate a pet. ... The University of Florida (Florida, UFL, or UF) is a public land-grant, research university located in Gainesville, Florida. ... â€œCarâ€ and â€œCarsâ€ redirect here. ... Eliyahu Rips is an Israeli mathematician known for his research in algebra and the controversial Bible codes. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ... For the book that publicized the codes, see The Bible Code (book). ... Wilkes University is a private, non-denominational American university located in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. ... Muzak Holdings LLC is a company, founded in 1934, that is best known for distribution of music to retail stores and other companies. ... Seattle redirects here. ... // Acute viral nasopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses or coronaviruses. ... Dr. Bernard Vonnegut (August 29, 1914 â€“ April 25, 1997) was an atmospheric scientist credited with discovering that silver iodide could be used effectively in cloud seeding to produce snow and rain. ... University at Albany, SUNY, is a public university located in the capital of New York state, and is the senior campus of the SUNY system. ... The University of Surrey is a public university in Guildford, England. ... Bockris is a former professor of Chemistry at Texas A&M whose unorthodox views have provoked controversy. ... Texas A&M University redirects here. ... This article is about the nuclear reaction. ...

1998

Chemistry - Presented to Jacques Benveniste of France, for his homeopathic discovery that not only does water have memory, but that the information can be transmitted over telephone lines and the Internet.
Biology - Presented to Peter Fong of Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, for contributing to the happiness of clams by giving them Prozac.
Economics - Presented to Richard Seed of Chicago for his efforts to stoke up the world economy by cloning himself and other human beings.
Literature - Presented to Dr. Mara Sidoli of Washington, DC, for her illuminating report, "Farting as a Defence Against Unspeakable Dread".
Medicine - Presented to Patient Y and to his doctors, Caroline Mills, Meirion Llewelyn, David Kelly, and Peter Holt, of Royal Gwent Hospital, in Newport for the cautionary medical report, "A Man Who Pricked His Finger and Smelled Putrid for 5 Years."
Peace - Presented to Prime Minister of India, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif, for their aggressively peaceful explosions of atomic bombs.
Physics - Presented to Deepak Chopra of The Chopra Center for Well Being, La Jolla, California, for his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness.
Safety Engineering - Presented to Troy Hurtubise, of North Bay, Ontario, for developing and personally testing a suit of armor that is impervious to grizzly bears.
Science Education - Presented to Dolores Krieger, Professor Emerita, New York University, for demonstrating the merits of therapeutic touch, a method by which nurses manipulate the energy fields of ailing patients by carefully avoiding physical contact with those patients.
Statistics - Presented to Jerald Bain of Mt. Sinai Hospital in Toronto and Kerry Siminoski of the University of Alberta, for their carefully measured report, "The Relationship Among Height, Penile Length, and Foot Size".

French immunologist Jacques Benveniste (March 12, 1935 - October 3, 2004) gained international notoriety in 1988 when he published a paper in the prestigious scientific journal Nature that claimed to have found valid evidence for homeopathy. ... Homeopathic remedy Rhus toxicodendron, derived from poison ivy. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... For other uses, see Memory (disambiguation). ... A telephone line (or just line) is a single-user circuit on a telephone communications system. ... Gettysburg College is a private national four-year liberal arts college founded in 1832, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, adjacent to the famous battlefield. ... Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km) south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the county seatGR6. ... Categories: Pages needing attention | Animal stubs ... Background Fluoxetine hydrochloride (brand names include Prozac®, Symbyax® (compounded with olanzapine), Sarafem®, Fontex® (Sweden), Fluctine (Austria, Germany), Prodep (India), Fludac (India)) is an antidepressant drug used medically in the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and many other disorders. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area - City 234. ... For other uses, see clone. ... Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Newport and Monmouthshire Hospital new buildings in 1905 The Royal Gwent Hospital is the principal hospital in the city of Newport and the ancient county of Monmouthshire. ... For other uses, see Newport (disambiguation). ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the Government of India. ... Atal Bihari Vajpayee (often wrongly spelt Behari; à¤…à¤Ÿà¤² à¤¬à¤¿à¤¹à¤¾à¤°à¥€ à¤µà¤¾à¤œà¤ªà¥‡à¤¯à¥€ in Devnagari) (born December 25, 1924) was the Prime Minister of India in 1996 and again from 1998 until May 19, 2004. ... The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: ÙˆØ²ÛŒØ± Ø§Ø¹Ø¸Ù… Wazir-e- Azam) is the Head of Government of Pakistan. ... Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu: Ù…ÛŒØ§Úº Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ù†ÙˆØ§Ø² Ø´Ø±ÛŒÙ ) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) is a Pakistani politician. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... Deepak Chopra (Hindi: ; born October 22, 1946) is an Indian medical doctor and writer. ... One of the beaches at La Jolla Cove La Jolla, California, is a seaside resort community comprised of 42,808[1] residents within the city of San Diego. ... Fig. ... Project Grizzly - VHS Cover Troy James Hurtubise (born November 23, 1963 - Hamilton, Ontario)[1] is an inventor and conservationist from North Bay[], Ontario, Canada noted for his often bizarre creations that he tests on himself in spectacular and usually dangerous ways. ... North Bay ( , time zone EST) is a city in Northeastern Ontario, Canada (2006 population 53,966). ... Binomial name Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 The Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) is a species of bear that can reach weights of 130-700 kg (300 to 1500 pounds). ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: [1]) varies. ... New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university in New York City. ... Therapeutic touch (TT) is a mostly secular variant of faith healing, started by Dolores Krieger in the early 1970s. ... A patient is the name given to any person who is ill or injured and is being treated by, or in need of treatment by, a physician or other medical professional. ... The University of Alberta (U of A) is a public coeducational research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ...

1999

Biology - Presented to Dr. Paul Bosland, director of The Chili Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, for breeding a spiceless jalapeño chili pepper.
Chemistry - Presented to Takeshi Makino, president of The Safety Detective Agency in Osaka, Japan, for his involvement with S-Check, an infidelity detection spray that wives can apply to their husbands' underwear.
Environmental Protection - Presented to Hyuk-ho Kwon of Kolon Company of Seoul, South Korea, for inventing the self-perfuming business suit.
Literature - Presented to the British Standards Institution for its six-page specification (BS 6008) of the proper way to make a cup of tea.
Managed Health Care - Presented to George Blonsky and Charlotte Blonsky of New York City and San Jose, California, for inventing a device (U.S. Patent 3,216,423 ) to aid women in giving birth -- the woman is strapped onto a circular table, and the table is then rotated at high speed.
Medicine - Presented to Dr. Arvid Vatle of Stord, Norway, for carefully collecting, classifying, and contemplating which kinds of containers his patients chose when submitting urine samples.
Peace - Presented to Charl Fourie and Michelle Wong of Johannesburg, South Africa, for inventing the Blaster, an automobile burglar alarm consisting of a detection circuit and a flamethrower.
Physics - Presented to Dr. Len Fisher of Bath, England and Sydney, Australia for calculating the optimal way to dunk a biscuit. Also, to Professor Jean-Marc Vanden-Broeck of the University of East Anglia, England, and Belgium, for calculating how to make a teapot spout that does not drip.
Science Education - Presented to the Kansas State Board of Education and the Colorado State Board of Education, for mandating that children should not believe in Darwin's theory of evolution any more than they believe in Newton's theory of gravitation, Faraday's and Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, or Pasteur's theory that germs cause disease.
Sociology - Presented to Steve Penfold, of York University in Toronto, for doing his Ph.D. thesis on the history of Canadian donut shops.

New Mexico State University, or NMSU, is a land-grant university that has its main campus in Las Cruces, New Mexico. ... Las Cruces is a city in DoÃ±a Ana County, New Mexico, United States. ... Binomial name The jalapeÃ±o is a large to giant-size chili pepper that is prized for the cold, burning sensation that it produces in the left kidney when eaten. ... For other uses, see Chili. ... A pair of mens briefs Undergarments, also called underwear or sometimes intimate clothing, are clothes worn next to the skin, usually under other clothes. ... Short name Statistics Location map Map of location of Seoul. ... A suit, also known as a business suit, comprises a collection of matching clothing consisting of: a coat (commonly known as a jacket) a waistcoat (optional) (USA vest) a pair of trousers (USA pants) Though not part of a suit, a shirt and tie very frequently accompany it. ... British Standards is the new name of the British Standards Institute and is part of BSI Group which also includes a testing organisation. ... ISO 3103 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (commonly referred to as ISO). ... For other uses, see Tea (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other uses, see San JosÃ©. Nickname: Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California. ... This article is about the urine of animals generally. ... This article is about the city in South Africa. ... The Blaster was a 1998 invention by South African inventor Charl Fourie to provide a deterrent to carjackings. ... â€œCarâ€ and â€œCarsâ€ redirect here. ... Burglar (or intrusion), fire and safety alarms are found in electronic form today. ... Riverboat of the U.S. Brownwater Navy shooting ignited napalm from its mounted flamethrower during the Vietnam war. ... For alternate meanings see Bath (disambiguation) Palladian Pulteney Bridge and the weir at Bath Bath is a city in south-west England, most famous for its baths fed by three hot springs. ... This is about the city of Sydney in Australia. ... For other uses, see Biscuit (disambiguation). ... UEA redirects here. ... A teapot with floral design A Chinese Yixing Zisha teapot A Chinese Zisha teapot - Melon A modern teapot A teapot is a vessel used for steeping tea leaves or a herbal mix in near-boiling water. ... Charles Darwin, the father of modern evolutionary theory Although generally, evolution is taken to mean any process of change over time, in the context of life science, evolution is a change in the traits of living organisms over generations, including the emergence of new species. ... Gravitation is the tendency of masses to move toward each other. ... Michael Faraday, FRS (September 22, 1791 â€“ August 25, 1867) was an English chemist and physicist (or natural philosopher, in the terminology of that time) who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 â€“ 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist from Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. His most significant achievement was aggregating a set of equations in electricity, magnetism and inductance â€” eponymously named Maxwells equations â€” including an important modification (extension) of the AmpÃ¨res... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist who demonstrated the germ theory of disease and developed techniques of inoculation, most notably the first vaccine against rabies. ... Germ can mean: Microorganism, especially a pathogenic one; see Germ theory of disease. ... This article is about the medical term. ... York University (French: UniversitÃ© York), located in Toronto, Ontario, is Canadas third-largest university and has produced several of the countrys top leaders in the fields of law, politics, literature, philosophy, journalism, management, meteorological, chemical, and space sciences, and fine arts including film, theatre, jazz and experimental music...

2000

Biology - Presented to Richard Wassersug of Dalhousie University, for his firsthand report, "On the Comparative Palatability of Some Dry-Season Tadpoles from Costa Rica".
Chemistry - Presented to Donatella Marazziti, Alessandra Rossi, and Giovanni B. Cassano of the University of Pisa, Italy, and Hagop S. Akiskal of the University of California, San Diego, for their discovery that, biochemically, romantic love may be indistinguishable from having severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Computer Science - Presented to Chris Niswander of Tucson, Arizona, for inventing PawSense, software that detects when a cat is walking across your computer keyboard.
Economics - Presented to The Reverend Sun Myung Moon, for bringing efficiency and steady growth to the mass marriage industry, with, according to his reports, a 36-couple wedding in 1960, a 430-couple wedding in 1968, an 1800-couple wedding in 1975, a 6000-couple wedding in 1982, a 30,000-couple wedding in 1992, a 360,000-couple wedding in 1995, and a 36,000,000-couple wedding in 1997.
Literature - Presented to Jasmuheen (formerly known as Ellen Greve) of Australia, first lady of Breatharianism, for her book Living on Light, which explains that although some people do eat food, they don't ever really need to.
Medicine - Presented to Willibrord Weijmar Schultz, Pek van Andel, and Eduard Mooyaart of Groningen, the Netherlands, and Ida Sabelis of Amsterdam, for their illuminating report, "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Male and Female Genitals During Coitus and Female Sexual Arousal."
Peace - Presented to The British Royal Navy, for ordering its sailors to stop using live cannon shells, and to instead just shout "Bang!"
Physics - Presented to André Geim of the University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and Sir Michael Berry of Bristol University, England, for using magnets to levitate a frog and a sumo wrestler.
Psychology - Presented to David Dunning of Cornell University and Justin Kreuger of the University of Illinois, for their modest report, "Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments".
Public Health - Presented to Jonathan Wyatt, Gordon McNaughton, and William Tullet of Glasgow, for their alarming report, "The Collapse of Toilets in Glasgow".

Dalhousie University is a university located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. ... The University of Pisa (Italian UniversitÃ di Pisa) is one of the most renowned Italian universities. ... The University of California, San Diego (popularly known as UCSD, or sometimes UC San Diego) is a public, coeducational research university located in La Jolla, a seaside resort community of San Diego, California. ... Tucson (pronounced ) is the seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, located 118 miles (188 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles (98 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. ... Binomial name Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms Felis lybica invalid junior synonym The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal. ... A 104-key PC US English QWERTY keyboard layout The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout A standard Hebrew keyboard showing both Hebrew and QWERTY. A computer keyboard is a peripheral partially modelled after the typewriter keyboard. ... Sun Myung Moon in 2005. ... The Blessing Ceremony of the Unification Church is considered the most important and central ceremony in a personâ€™s spiritual life. ... Jasmuheen Jasmuheen (born 1957 as Ellen Greve) is an Australian proponent of breatharianism, or living without food. ... Jasmuheen (1957, born Ellen Greve) was born in 1957 in Australia to Norwegian immigrants. ... A Breatharian is one who follows a diet in which no food (and possibly no water) is consumed. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... The Royal Navy is the navy of the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Cannon (disambiguation). ... The Radboud University Nijmegen, formerly called University of Nijmegen is the university of the Dutch city of Nijmegen. ... The University of Bristol was founded in 1876 as the University College, Bristol. ... Magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet shown by iron filings on paper A magnet is an object that has a magnetic field. ... Distribution of frogs (in black) Suborders Archaeobatrachia Mesobatrachia Neobatrachia - List of Anuran families The frogness babe is an amphibian in the order Anura (meaning tail-less from Greek an-, without + oura, tail), formerly referred to as Salientia (Latin saltare, to jump). ... A sumo match Sumo (相撲 Sumō), or sumo wrestling, is today a competition contact sport wherein two wrestlers or rikishi face off in a circular area. ... Cornell redirects here. ... A Corner of Main Quad The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, U of I, or simply Illinois), is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious campus in the University of Illinois system. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Toilets can be the cause or location of many injuries and deaths There are many toilet-related injuries and some toilet-related deaths throughout history and in urban legends. ...

2001

Astrophysics - Presented to Dr. Jack Van Impe and Rexella Van Impe of Jack Van Impe Ministries, Rochester Hills, Michigan, for their discovery that black holes fulfill all the technical requirements for the location of Hell.
Biology - Presented to Buck Weimer of Pueblo, Colorado for inventing Under-Ease, airtight underwear with a replaceable charcoal filter that removes bad-smelling gases before they escape.
Economics - Presented to Joel Slemrod, of the University of Michigan Business School, and Wojciech Kopczuk, of the University of British Columbia, for their conclusion that people find a way to postpone their deaths if that would qualify them for a lower rate on the inheritance tax.
Literature - Presented to John Richards of Boston, England, founder of The Apostrophe Protection Society, for his efforts to protect, promote, and defend the differences between the plural and the possessive.
Medicine - Presented to Peter Barss of McGill University, Canada, for his impactful medical report "Injuries Due to Falling Coconuts".
Peace - Presented to Viliumas Malinauskas of Grutas, Lithuania, for creating the amusement park known as "Stalin World".
Physics - Presented to David Schmidt of the University of Massachusetts, for his partial explanation of the shower-curtain effect: a shower curtain tends to billow inwards while a shower is being taken.
Psychology - Presented to Lawrence W. Sherman of Miami University, Ohio, for his influential research report "An Ecological Study of Glee in Small Groups of Preschool Children".
Public Health - Presented to Chittaranjan Andrade and B.S. Srihari of the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India, for their probing medical discovery that nose picking is a common activity among adolescents.
Technology - Presented jointly to John Keogh of Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia, for patenting the wheel in the year 2001, and to the Australian Patent Office for granting him Innovation Patent #2001100012.

This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Rochester Hills is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... For other uses, see Black hole (disambiguation). ... The Inferno redirects here. ... The City of Pueblo (IPA: //) is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat of Pueblo County, Colorado, USA. Pueblo is situated at the confluence of the Arkansas River and Fountain Creek. ... Charcoal is the blackish residue consisting of impure carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. ... Flatulence is the presence of a mixture of gases known as flatus in the digestive tract of mammals expelled from the rectum. ... The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, UM or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan, and one of the foremost universities in the United States. ... The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a Canadian public research university with campuses in Vancouver and Kelowna. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... For other uses, see Boston (disambiguation). ... Look up plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Possessive can refer to: Possessive case Possessive pronoun This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... McGill University. ... Theme park redirects here. ... Grutas Park is home to only one monument of Stalin, originally set up in Vilnius. ... This page is about the university system across Massachusetts. ... In physics, the shower-curtain effect is the phenomenon in which a shower curtain gets blown inwards with a running shower, regardless of the temperature of the water. ... A shower curtain with a penguin pattern Shower curtains are curtains used in bathtubs with a shower or shower enclosures and are usually made out of vinyl, cloth or plastic. ... , This article is about the university in Oxford, Ohio. ... The OpenGL Easy Extension library (GLee) automatically links OpenGL extensions and core functions at initialisation time. ... A nursery school is a school for the education of very young children (generally five years of age and younger). ... For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ... Nose-picking, or rhinotillexis (Greek, rhino nose + tillexis habit of picking), is the act of extracting mucus and/or foreign bodies from the nose with a finger or other object. ... A separate article is about the punk band called The Adolescents. ... Hawthorn is a residential suburb of Melbourne, Australia, in the state of Victoria. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ...

2002

Biology - Presented to Norma E. Bubier, Charles G.M. Paxton, Phil Bowers, and D. Charles Deeming of the United Kingdom, for their report "Courtship Behaviour of Ostriches Towards Humans Under Farming Conditions in Britain".
Chemistry - Presented to Theodore Gray of Wolfram Research, in Champaign, Illinois, for gathering many elements of the periodic table, and assembling them into the form of a four-legged periodic table table.
Economics - Presented to the executives, corporate directors, and auditors of Enron, Lernaut & Hauspie (Belgium), Adelphia, Bank of Commerce and Credit International (Pakistan), Cendant, CMS Energy, Duke Energy, Dynegy, Gazprom (Russia), Global Crossing, HIH Insurance (Australia), Informix, Kmart, Maxwell Communications (UK), McKessonHBOC, Merrill Lynch, Merck, Peregrine Systems, Qwest Communications, Reliant Resources, Rent-Way, Rite Aid, Sunbeam, Tyco, Waste Management, WorldCom, Xerox, and Arthur Andersen, for adapting the mathematical concept of imaginary numbers for use in the business world. (All companies were forced to restate their financial reports due to false or incorrect accounting and are U.S.-based unless otherwise noted.)
Hygiene - Presented to Eduardo Segura, of Lavakan de Aste, in Tarragona, Spain, for inventing a washing machine for cats and dogs.
Interdisciplinary Research - Presented to Karl Kruszelnicki of The University of Sydney, Australia, for performing a comprehensive survey of human belly button fluff -- who gets it, when, what color, and how much.
Literature - Presented jointly to Vicki L. Silvers of the University of Nevada-Reno and David S. Kreiner of Central Missouri State University, for their colorful report "The Effects of Pre-Existing Inappropriate Highlighting on Reading Comprehension".
Mathematics - Presented to K.P. Sreekumar and G. Nirmalan of Kerala Agricultural University, India, for their analytical report "Estimation of the Total Surface Area in Indian Elephants".
Medicine - Presented to Chris McManus of University College London, for his excruciatingly balanced report, "Scrotal Asymmetry in Man and in Ancient Sculpture".
Peace - Presented to Keita Sato, President of Takara Co., Dr. Matsumi Suzuki, President of Japan Acoustic Lab, and Dr. Norio Kogure, Executive Director, Kogure Veterinary Hospital, for promoting peace and harmony between the species by inventing Bow-Lingual, a computer-based automatic dog-to-human language translation device.
Physics - Presented to Arnd Leike of the University of Munich, for demonstrating that beer froth obeys the Mathematical Law of Exponential Decay.

Theodore Gray is was one of the founders of Wolfram Research and and is currently Wolframs Director of User Interface Technology. ... Wolfram Research is part of the Wolfram Group which consists of four companies: Wolfram Research Inc. ... Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, in the United States. ... The Periodic Table redirects here. ... A table is a mode of visual communication that maps the logical structure of a set of data into a hierarchical matrix. ... A wooden dining table and chairs. ... Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation (formerly Enron Corporation) (former NYSE ticker symbol: ENE) was an American energy company based in Houston, Texas. ... Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products, or L&H, was a Belgium-based speech and language technology leader company, which was founded by Jo Lernout and Pol Hauspie, and which went bankrupt in 2001. ... Adelphia Communications Corporation, named after the Greek word brothers, was the fifth largest cable company in the United States before filing for bankruptcy in 2002 due to internal corruption. ... Cendant Corporation was a New York-based provider of business and consumer services, primarily within the real estate and travel industries. ... Gazprom (LSE: OGZD; Russian: , sometimes transcribed as Gasprom) is the largest Russian company and the biggest extractor of natural gas in the world. ... Informix is a family of relational database management system products from IBM, acquired in 2001 from a company (also called Informix or Informix Software) which dates its origins back to 1980. ... For the Australasian department store chain, see Kmart Australia. ... Merrill Lynch & Co. ... Merck & Co. ... Peregrine Systems, Inc. ... Qwest Communications International Inc. ... Sunbeam Products is an American company that has produced electric home appliances since 1910. ... Tyco has been used as the name for a number of distinct companies: Tyco International is a Bermuda-based conglomerate. ... For a time, WorldCom (WCOM) was the United States second largest long distance phone company (AT&T was the largest). ... Xerox Corporation (NYSE: XRX) (name pronounced ) is a global document management company, which manufactures and sells a range of color and black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing presses, and related consulting services and supplies. ... For the U.S. Supreme Court case commonly known as Arthur Andersen, see Arthur Andersen LLP v. ... Tarragona (IPA: in Catalan) is a city located in the south of Catalonia, northeastern Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea. ... Front-loading washing machine. ... Binomial name Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms Felis lybica invalid junior synonym The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic subspecies of the wolf, a mammal of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. ... Karl Kruszelnicki holding a copy of his book Sensational Moments in Science at a university open day Karl Kruszelnicki AM (1948 Helsingborg, Sweden) is a scientist, although best known as an author and science commentator on Australian radio and television. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... Navel, with lint Belly button fluff, or more formally navel lint, is an accumulation of fluffy fibres in ones navel. ... Central Missouri State University is a 4-year public institution offering a diverse range of academic concentrations. ... Affiliations University of London Russell Group LERU EUA ACU Golden Triangle G5 Website http://www. ... With approximately 48,000 students, the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München or LMU) is one of the largest universities in Germany. ... For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ...

2003

Biology - Presented to C.W. Moeliker, of Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, for documenting the first scientifically recorded case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck.
Chemistry - Presented to Yukio Hirose of Kanazawa University, for his chemical investigation of a bronze statue, in the city of Kanazawa, that fails to attract pigeons.
Economics - Presented to Karl Schwärzler and the nation of Liechtenstein, for making it possible to rent the entire country for corporate conventions, weddings, bar mitzvahs, and other gatherings.
Engineering - Presented to John Paul Stapp, Edward A. Murphy, Jr., and George Nichols, for jointly giving birth in 1949 to Murphy's Law, the basic engineering principle that "If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, someone will do it" (or, in other words: "If anything can go wrong, it will").
Interdisciplinary Research - Presented to Stefano Ghirlanda, Liselotte Jansson, and Magnus Enquis of Stockholm University, for their inevitable report "Chickens Prefer Beautiful Humans."
Literature - Presented to John Trinkaus, of the Zicklin School of Business, New York City, for meticulously collecting data and publishing more than 80 detailed academic reports about things that annoyed him, such as:

What percentage of young people wear baseball caps with the peak facing to the rear rather than to the front; What percentage of pedestrians wear sport shoes that are white rather than some other color; What percentage of swimmers swim laps in the shallow end of a pool rather than the deep end; What percentage of automobile drivers almost, but not completely, come to a stop at one particular stop-sign; What percentage of commuters carry attaché cases; What percentage of shoppers exceed the number of items permitted in a supermarket's express checkout lane; and what percentage of students dislike the taste of Brussels sprouts.

Medicine - Presented to Eleanor Maguire, David Gadian, Ingrid Johnsrude, Catriona Good, John Ashburner, Richard Frackowiak, and Christopher Frith of University College London, for presenting evidence that the hippocampi of London taxi drivers are more highly developed than those of their fellow citizens.
Peace - Presented to Lal Bihari, of Uttar Pradesh, India, for a triple accomplishment: First, for leading an active life even though he has been declared legally dead; second, for waging a lively posthumous campaign against bureaucratic inertia and greedy relatives; and third, for creating the Association of Dead People. Lal Bihari overcame the handicap of being dead, and managed to obtain a passport from the Indian government so that he could travel to Harvard to accept his Prize. However, the U.S. government refused to allow him into the country. His friend Madhu Kapoor therefore came to the Ig Nobel Ceremony and accepted the Prize on behalf of Lal Bihari. Several weeks later, the Prize was presented to Lal Bihari himself in a special ceremony in India.
Physics - Presented to Jack Harvey, John Culveno, Warren Payne, Steve Cowle, Michael Lawrance, David Stuart, and Robyn Williams of Australia, for their irresistible report "An Analysis of the Forces Required to Drag Sheep over Various Surfaces".
Psychology - Presented to Gian Vittorio Caprara and Claudio Barbaranelli of the University of Rome La Sapienza, and to Philip Zimbardo of Stanford University, for their discerning report "Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities".

Nickname: Motto: Sterker door strijd (Stronger through Struggle) Location of Rotterdam Coordinates: , Country Netherlands Province South Holland Government - Mayor Ivo Opstelten - Aldermen Jeannette Baljeu Hamit Karakus Orhan Kaya Lucas Bolsius Jantine Kriens Dominic Schrijer Roelf de Boer Leonard Geluk Area [1] - City 319 kmÂ² (123. ... A typical mallard drake (sexual preferences undetermined) The first observed case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) occurred on 1995-06-05 in Rotterdam, Netherlands[1]. Apparently (this part was not observed), two mallards were pursuing each other, or one mallard was pursuing another mallard. ... Kanazawa Kanazawa (金沢市; -shi) is the capital city of Ishikawa in Japan. ... Pigeon redirects here. ... This article is about the marriage ceremony. ... When a Jewish child reaches the age of maturity (12 years and one day for girls, 13 years and one day for boys) that child becomes responsible for him/herself under Jewish law; at this point a boy is said to become Bar Mitzvah (בר מצו&#1493... John Paul Stapp, M.D., Ph. ... Edward A. Murphy, Jr. ... For other uses, see Murphys Law (disambiguation). ... Stockholm University (Stockholms universitet) is a state university in Stockholm, Sweden. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... A baseball cap worn with the bill at the front, shading the eyes A baseball cap is a type of soft cap with a long, stiffened and curved peak and it is worn by men, women and children. ... A pedestrian at the intersection of Alinga Street and Northbourne Avenue, Canberra, Australia A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot, whether walking or running. ... Swimmer redirects here. ... Commuting is the process of travelling from a place of residence to a place of work. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group The Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) is a cultivar group of cabbage cultivated for its small (typically 2. ... Affiliations University of London Russell Group LERU EUA ACU Golden Triangle G5 Website http://www. ... For other uses, see Hippocampus (disambiguation). ... For specific countries see Taxicabs around the world. ... Lal Bihari (or Lal Bihari Mritak) (born 1961) is a farmer from Uttar Pradesh, India who was officially dead from 1976 to 1994. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA: , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... The Association of the Dead (Uttar Pradesh Mritak Sangh) is a northern Indian pressure group that seeks to reclaim the legal rights of the falsely dead. ... University of Rome La Sapienza (Università della Sapienza) is the most ancient university of Rome, Italy. ... Philip G. Zimbardo (born March 23, 1933) is an American psychologist, best known for his Stanford prison experiment and bestselling introductions to psychology. ... Stanford redirects here. ...

2004

Biology - Presented to Ben Wilson of the University of British Columbia, Lawrence Dill of Simon Fraser University, Canada, Robert Batty of the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Magnus Whalberg of the University of Aarhus, Denmark, and Håkan Westerberg of Sweden's National Board of Fisheries, for showing that herrings apparently communicate by farting.
Chemistry - Presented to The Coca-Cola Company of Great Britain, for using advanced technology to convert liquid from the River Thames into Dasani, a transparent form of water, which for precautionary reasons has been made unavailable to consumers.
Economics - Presented to the Vatican, for outsourcing prayers to India.
Engineering - Presented jointly to Donald J. Smith and his father, Frank J. Smith, of Orlando, Florida, for patenting the comb over (U.S. Patent 4,022,227 )
Literature - Presented to The American Nudist Research Library of Kissimmee, Florida, for preserving nudist history so that everyone can see it.
Medicine - Presented jointly to Steven Stack of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, and James Gundlach of Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, for their published report "The Effect of Country Music on Suicide".^[4]
Peace - Presented to Daisuke Inoue of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, for inventing karaoke, thereby providing an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other.
Physics - Presented jointly to Ramesh Balasubramaniam of the University of Ottawa, and Michael Turvey of the University of Connecticut and Haskins Laboratory, for exploring and explaining the dynamics of hula-hooping.
Psychology - Presented jointly to Daniel Simons of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Christopher Chabris of Harvard University, for demonstrating that when people pay close attention to something, it's all too easy to overlook anything else -- even a woman in a gorilla suit. [See inattentional blindness]
Public Health - Presented to Jillian Clarke of the Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences, and then Howard University, for investigating the scientific validity of the five-second rule about whether it's safe to eat food that's been dropped on the floor.

The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a Canadian public research university with campuses in Vancouver and Kelowna. ... Simon Fraser University (SFU) is located on Burnaby Mountain in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, part of the metropolitan area of Vancouver, British Columbia. ... Aarhus Universitet or the University of Aarhus is a university based in Ã…rhus, Denmark. ... Species Clupea alba Clupea bentincki Clupea caspiopontica Clupea chrysotaenia Clupea elongata Clupea halec Clupea harengus Clupea inermis Clupea leachii Clupea lineolata Clupea minima Clupea mirabilis Clupea pallasii Clupea sardinacaroli Clupea sulcata Herrings are small oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic... Flatulence consists of gases that are produced by symbiotic bacteria and yeasts living in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and are released through the anus. ... The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is one of the largest manufacturers, distributors and marketers of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. ... This article is about the River Thames in southern England. ... Dasani (pronounced ) is a popular brand of bottled water from the Coca-Cola company, launched in 1999, after the success of Aquafina (produced by Coca-Cola-rival PepsiCo). ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Nickname: Location in Orange County and the state of Florida Coordinates: , Country State Counties Orange Government - Mayor Buddy Dyer (D) Area - City 101 sq mi (261. ... The comb over was patented in 1977. ... Kissimmee is a city in Osceola County, Florida, United States. ... Naturists find going without clothing both enjoyable and relaxing. ... For College in Nebraska, see Wayne State College. ... Detroit redirects here. ... Auburn University (AU or Auburn) is a state university located in Auburn, Alabama, USA. With more than 24,100 students and 1,200 faculty, it is the second largest university in the state,[5] and according to U.S. News & World Report, has a selectivity rating of more selective. ... Nickname: Location in Lee County, Alabama Coordinates: , Country State County Lee County, Alabama Government - Mayor Bill Ham, Jr. ... Daisuke Inoue was Born May 10, 1940 in Osaka. ... HyÅgo Prefecture (å…µåº«çœŒ HyÅgo-ken) is located in the Kinki region on Honshu island, Japan. ... For other uses see Karaoke (disambiguation) A karaoke machine Karaoke from Japanese kara, empty or void, and Åkesutora, orchestra) (pronounced IPA: or ; in Japanese IPA: ; ) is a form of entertainment in which amateur singers sing along with recorded music using a microphone and a PA system. ... For the university in Ottawa, Kansas, see Ottawa University. ... The University of Connecticut is the State of Connecticuts land-grant university. ... Children playing with hula hoops. ... A Corner of Main Quad The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, U of I, or simply Illinois), is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious campus in the University of Illinois system. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Inattentional blindness, Also known as perceptual blindness which is the phenomenon of not being able to see things that are actually there. ... Howard University is a university located in Washington, D.C., USA. A historically black university, Howard was established in 1867 by congressional order and named for Oliver O. Howard. ... The five-second rule is a popular old wives tale, and common rule among many people today, regarding the eating of food that has been dropped on the ground. ...

2005

Agricultural History - Presented to James Watson of Massey University, New Zealand, for his scholarly study, "The Significance of Mr. Richard Buckley's Exploding Trousers".
Biology - Presented jointly to Benjamin Smith of the University of Adelaide, Australia and the University of Toronto, Canada and the Firmenich perfume company, Geneva, Switzerland, and ChemComm Enterprises, Archamps, France; Craig Williams of James Cook University and the University of South Australia; Michael Tyler of the University of Adelaide; Brian Williams of the University of Adelaide; and Yoji Hayasaka of the Australian Wine Research Institute; for painstakingly smelling and cataloging the peculiar odors produced by 131 different species of frogs when the frogs were feeling stressed.
Chemistry - Presented jointly to Edward Cussler of the University of Minnesota and Brian Gettelfinger of the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for conducting a careful experiment to settle the longstanding scientific question: can people swim faster in syrup or in water? It was found that swimmers in the experiment reach comparable velocity in both media.^[5]
Economics - Presented to Gauri Nanda of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for inventing an alarm clock that runs away and hides, repeatedly, thus ensuring that people DO get out of bed, and thus theoretically adding many productive hours to the workday.
Fluid Dynamics - Presented jointly to Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow of International University Bremen, Germany and the University of Oulu, Finland; and József Gál of Loránd Eötvös University, Hungary, for using basic principles of physics to calculate the pressure that builds up inside a penguin, as detailed in their report "Pressures Produced When Penguins Poo -- Calculations on Avian Defecation".
Literature - Presented to the Internet entrepreneurs of Nigeria, for creating and then using e-mail to distribute a bold series of short stories, thus introducing millions of readers to a cast of rich characters -- General Sani Abacha, Mrs. Mariam Sanni Abacha, Barrister Jon A Mbeki Esq., and others -- each of whom requires just a small amount of expense money so as to obtain access to the great wealth to which they are entitled and which they would like to share with the kind person who assists them. (See advance fee fraud.)
Medicine - Presented to Gregg A. Miller of Oak Grove, Missouri, in the U.S.A., for inventing Neuticles -- artificial replacement testicles for dogs, which are available in three sizes, and three degrees of firmness.
Nutrition - Presented to Dr. Yoshiro Nakamatsu of Tokyo, Japan, for photographing and retrospectively analyzing every meal he has consumed during a period of 34 years (and counting).
Peace - Presented jointly to Claire Rind and Peter Simmons of University of Newcastle, in the UK, for electrically monitoring the activity of a brain cell in a locust while that locust was watching selected highlights from the movie Star Wars.
Physics - Presented jointly to John Mainstone and Thomas Parnell of the University of Queensland, Australia, for patiently conducting the so-called pitch drop experiment that began in the year 1927 -- in which a glob of congealed black tar pitch has been slowly, slowly dripping through a funnel, at a rate of approximately one drop every nine years.

Massey University (MÄori: ) is New Zealands largest university with approximately 40,000 students. ... In New Zealand in the 1930s, farmers had trouble with exploding trousers as a result of attempts to wipe out the weed ragwort. ... The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a public university located in Adelaide. ... The University of Toronto (U of T) is a public research university in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: GenÃ¨ve //, German: //, Italian: Ginevra //, Romansh: Genevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after ZÃ¼rich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... This article is about the oldest and largest campus of the University of Minnesota. ... University of Wisconsin redirects here. ... â€œMITâ€ redirects here. ... International University Bremen (IUB) is an independent research university in Bremen, Germany. ... The University of Oulu (Oulun yliopisto in Finnish) is the second largest university in Finland. ... This article is about EÃ¶tvÃ¶s LorÃ¡nd University, which is often referred to as University of Budapest. ... An advance fee fraud is a confidence trick in which the target is persuaded to advance relatively small sums of money in the hope of realizing a much larger gain. ... Oak Grove is a common name for several places in the United States of America. ... Official language(s) English Capital Jefferson City Largest city Kansas City Largest metro area St Louis[1] Area Ranked 21st - Total 69,709 sq mi (180,693 kmÂ²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 300 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Yoshiro Nakamatsu (ä¸æ¾ ç¾©éƒŽ Nakamatsu YoshirÅ, born June 26, 1928), a. ... For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation). ... Newcastle University is a British university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north of England. ... Desert locust Nymph of Locust Schistocera americana with distinct wing-rudiments Locust nymph from the Philippines Egyptian grasshopper Anacridium aegyptum Locust from the 1915 Locust Plague For other uses, see Locust (disambiguation). ... Thomas Parnell started the famous pitch drop experiment at the University of Queensland. ... The University of Queensland (UQ) is the longest-established university in the state of Queensland, Australia, a member of Australias Group of Eight, and the Sandstone Universities. ... The University of Queensland pitch drop experiment, demonstrating the viscosity of bitumen. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The pitch drop experiment. ...

2006

Acoustics: D. Lynn Halpern of Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, and Brandeis University, and Northwestern University, Randolph Blake of Vanderbilt University and Northwestern University and James Hillenbrand of Western Michigan University and Northwestern University for conducting experiments to learn why people dislike the sound of fingernails scraping on a blackboard.
Biology: Bart Knols of Wageningen Agricultural University, in Wageningen, the Netherlands; and of the National Institute for Medical Research / Ifakara Centre, Tanzania, and of the International Atomic Energy Agency, in Vienna, Austria) and Ruurd de Jong of Wageningen Agricultural University and of Santa Maria degli Angeli, Italy for showing that the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is attracted equally to the smell of limburger cheese and to the smell of human feet.
Chemistry: Antonio Mulet, José Javier Benedito and José Bon of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain, and Carmen Rosselló of the University of Illes Balears, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, for their study "Ultrasonic Velocity in Cheddar Cheese as Affected by Temperature".
Literature: Daniel Oppenheimer of Princeton University for his report "Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with Using Long Words Needlessly".
Mathematics: Nic Svenson and Piers Barnes of the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, for calculating the number of photographs must be taken to (almost) ensure that nobody in a group photo will have their eyes closed.
Medicine: Francis M. Fesmire of the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, for his medical case report "Termination of Intractable Hiccups with Digital Rectal Massage"; and Majed Odeh, Harry Bassan, and Arie Oliven of Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, for their subsequent medical case report also titled "Termination of Intractable Hiccups with Digital Rectal Massage".
Nutrition: Wasmia Al-Houty of Kuwait University and Faten Al-Mussalam of the Kuwait Environment Public Authority, for showing that dung beetles are finicky eaters.
Ornithology: Ivan R. Schwab, of the University of California Davis, and Philip R.A. May of the University of California Los Angeles, for exploring and explaining why woodpeckers don't get headaches.
Peace: Howard Stapleton of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, for inventing an electromechanical teenager repellant -- a device that makes annoying high-pitched noise designed to be audible to teenagers but not to adults; and for later using that same technology to make telephone ringtones that are audible to teenagers but probably not to their teachers.
Physics: Basile Audoly and Sebastien Neukirch of the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, for their analysis that explains why spaghetti breaks into several pieces when it is bent.

Brandeis University is a private university located in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States. ... Northwestern University (NU) is a selective private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. ... Vanderbilt University is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university in Nashville, Tennessee. ... Northwestern University (NU) is a selective private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. ... Western Michigan University (abbr. ... Northwestern University (NU) is a selective private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. ... This article discusses the anatomical nail. ... A blackboard, with multiple colors of chalk A blackboard or chalkboard is a reusable writing surface on which text or drawings are made with chalk or other erasable markers. ... Wageningen is a municipality and a historical town in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. ... The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Santa Maria degli Angeli is the name of several churches in Italy. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ... For other uses, see Mosquito (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Anopheles gambiae Giles Anopheles gambiae, refers to a complex of morphologically indistinguishable mosquitoes in the Anopheles genus, which contain the most important vectors of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the most efficient malaria vectors in the world. ... Country of origin Belgium Region, town Limburg Source of milk Cows Pasteurised Yes Texture Smooth, Creamy, Semi-Soft Aging time 2-3 months Certification Limburger cheese originated in Limburg, Belgium. ... The Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spanish: Universidad PolitÃ©cnica de Valencia, Valencian: Universitat PolitÃ¨cnica de ValÃ¨ncia) is a Spanish university located in Valencia, with a focus on science and technology. ... The University of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Universitat de les Illes Balears; Spanish: Universidad de las Islas Baleares) or UIB for short, is a Spanish university, founded in 1978 and located in Palma on the island of Mallorca. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Palma (Catalan) Spanish name Palma de Mallorca Postal code 070XX Area code 34 (Spain) + 971 (Balearic Islands) Website http://www. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. ... The University of Tennessee (UT), sometimes called the University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UT Knoxville or UTK), is the flagship institution of the statewide land-grant University of Tennessee public university system in the American state of Tennessee. ... Hebrew Arabic ØÙŽÙŠÙ’ÙÙŽØ§ Founded in 3rd century CE Government City District Haifa Population 267,000 1,039,000 (metropolitan area) Jurisdiction 63,666 dunams (63. ... Kuwait University (KU) was established in October 1966 , five years after Kuwaits independence from Britain, pursuant to an Amiri Decree, which postulated organization of higher education in Kuwait. ... Genera not a complete list Agestrata Augosoma Canthon Chrysina Chalcosoma Chelorrhina Cheirolasia Cheirotonus Cotinis Dynastes Eudicella Goliathus Megsoma Onthophagus Pachnoda Phanaeus Plusiotis Ranzania Rhomborrhina Stephanorrhina Xylotrupes The scarab is a type of beetle noted for rolling dung into spherical balls and pushing it, as well as its habit of laying... Ivan Roy Schwab is a professor of ophthalmology at the University of California Davis School of Medicine. ... The University of California, Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, is a public, coeducational university located in Davis, California, which is about fifteen miles west of Sacramento in Californias Central Valley. ... The University of California, Los Angeles, popularly known as UCLA, is a public, coeducational university situated in the neighborhood of Westwood within the city of Los Angeles. ... Genera Melanerpes Sphyrapicus Xiphidiopicus Dendropicos Dendrocopos Picoides Veniliornis Campethera Geocolaptes Dinopium Meiglyptes Hemicircus Micropternus Picus Mulleripicus Dryocopus Celeus Piculus Colaptes Campephilus Chrysocolaptes Reinwardtipicus Blythipicus Gecinulus Sapheopipo For other uses, see Woodpecker (disambiguation). ... A headache (cephalalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... The Mosquito is a product made to drive away teenagers from no-loitering zones. ... Merthyr Tydfil (Welsh: ) is a town and county borough in Wales, with a population of about 55,000. ... This article is about the country. ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... A ringtone or ring tone is the sound made by a telephone to indicate an incoming call. ... â€œYoung Menâ€ redirects here. ... For university teachers, see professor. ... The University of Paris VI: Pierre et Marie Curie is a French university located in the Latin Quarter of the 5th arrondissement in Paris. ...

2007

Aviation: Patricia V. Agostino, Santiago A. Plano and Diego A. Golombek, for discovering that hamsters recover from jetlag more quickly when given Viagra.
Biology: Johanna E.M.H. van Bronswijk, for taking a census of all the mites and other life forms that live in people's beds.
Chemistry: Mayu Yamamoto for extracting vanilla flavour from cow dung.
Economics: Kuo Cheng Hsieh, for patenting a device to catch bank robbers by ensnaring them in a net.^[6]
Linguistics: Juan Manuel Toro, Josep B. Trobalon and Nuria Sebastian-Galles, for determining that rats sometimes can't distinguish between Japanese, played backward, and Dutch, played backward.
Literature: Glenda Browne, for her study of the word "the".^[7]
Medicine: Dan Meyer and Brian Witcombe, for investigating the side-effects of swallowing swords.
Nutrition: Brian Wansink, for investigating people's appetite for mindless eating by secretly feeding them a self-refilling bowl of soup.^[8]
Peace: The Air Force Wright Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio, for suggesting the research and development of a "gay bomb," which would cause enemy troops to become sexually attracted to each other.
Physics: L. Mahadevan and Enrique Cerda Villablanca for their theoretical study of how sheets become wrinkled.

Jet lag (or jet-lag) is a physical condition caused by crossing multiple time zones during flight. ... // ... Families Tetranychidae - Spider mites Eriophyidae - Gall mites Sarcoptidae - Sarcoptic Mange mites The mites and ticks, order Acarina or Acari, belong to the Arachnida and are among the most diverse and successful of all the invertebrate groups, although some way behind the insects. ... Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3. ... For the pop music band, see The The. ... Sword swallowing is a dangerous performance art, in which the performer inserts a sword into his mouth and down his esophagus towards his stomach. ... Brian Wansink Brian Wansink (born 1960, Sioux City, Iowa) is an American professor of marketing and nutritional science. ... Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think is a nonfiction book by Cornell University consumer behavior professor Brian Wansink. ... For a particular Air Force, see List of air forces. ... : Gem City : Birthplace of Aviation United States Ohio Montgomery 56. ... Gay bomb is an informal name for a theoretical non-lethal chemical weapon, which a United States Air Force research laboratory speculated about producing. ...

References

^ [1]
^ Ig Nobel prizes debut, The MIT Tech
^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9639238&dopt=Abstract
^ F. Chilargi, "Link between suicide and country music, Wayne State [Ig] Nobel Prize laureate says" The South End (Detroit) December 3, 2004, p. 1
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ Glenda Browne, "The Definite Article: Acknowledging 'The' in Index Entries," The Indexer 22, no. 3 (April 2001): 119-22.
^ B. Wansink, J. E. Painter & J. North, "Bottomless bowls: Why visual cues of portion size may influence intake," Obesity Research 13, no. 1 (2005): 93-100.

Front page of The Tech, issue of January 18, 2006 The Tech, first published in 1881, is the oldest and largest campus newspaper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as the first newspaper to be published online. ... This article is about the student newspaper. ...

External Links

Official Ig Nobel Prize Winner List (public domain)

Categories: Award winners | Ig Nobel Prize winners | Science and engineering awards | Ironic and humorous awards

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List of Ig Nobel Prize winners - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (5276 words)
	This is a list of Ig Nobel Prize winners from 1991 to the present day.
	However, all prizes were awarded for real achievements (except for three in 1991 and one in 1994 due to an erroneous press release) and are mainly intended to increase interest in science.
	Footnote: It is worth noting that Ig Nobel stalwart and 'Keeper of the Broom' Roy Glauber was unable to attend the 2005 Ig Nobel ceremony, having just won the (genuine) Nobel Prize for Physics.

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