European Union

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the European Union Image File history File links European_flag. ... The European Union or EU is a supranational and intergovernmental union of 25 European states. ...

Three pillars Pillar I: European Community Pillar II: Common Foreign and Sec. Policy Pillar III: Police and Judicial Cooperation Political Institutions Commission President (José Barroso) Barroso Commission Council of Ministers & European Council Presidency (Finland) Parliament President (Josep Borrell) MEPs Constituencies Elections 2009 2004 / by country Party groups Committees Judiciary Court of Justice All the members Court of First Instance Civil Service Tribunal Patent Tribunal Advisory bodies Economic and Social Committee Committee of the Regions Financial bodies European Central Bank European Investment Bank European Investment Fund Decentralised bodies Agencies of the EU Law Acquis communautaire Procedure Treaties Regulations - Directives - Decisions Recommendations - Opinions EU-related topics Economic and Monetary Union Enlargement Foreign relations Pan-European political parties Table of affiliated parties by country Party affiliations on the Council

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As of August 17, 2006: The Treaty of Maastricht which established the European Union, divided EU policies into three main areas, called pillars. ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... The Common Foreign and Security Policy or CFSP, german Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik (GASP), was established as the second of the three pillars of the European Union in the Maastricht treaty of 1992, and further defined and broadened in the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997. ... Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters is the third of the three pillars of the European Union, focusing on co-operation in law enforcement and combating racism. ... The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive body of the European Union. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ... This article needs to be updated. ... The Barroso Commission is the European Commission that has been in office since 22 November 2004 and is due to serve until 31 October 2009. ... The Council of the European Union forms, along with the European Parliament, the legislative arm of the European Union (EU). ... The European Council, informally called the European summit, is a meeting of the heads of state or government of the European Union, and the President of the European Commission. ... Presidency of the Council of the European Union refers to the responsibility of presiding over all aspects of the Council of the European Union, when exercised collectively by a government, on a pre-established rota of the member states, of the European Union. ... The European Parliament building in Strasbourg The inside of the building The European Parliament (formerly European Parliamentary Assembly) is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ... The President of the European Parliament oversees all the activities of the European Parliament and its constituent bodies. ... Josep Borrell Josep Borrell Fontelles (born April 24, 1947) is a Spanish politician. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... In five European Union Member States (Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom), the national territory is divided into a number of constituencies for European elections. ... Elections in the European Union gives information on election and election results in the European Union. ... Elections to the European Parliament will be held in June 2006 in the then–27 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... Elections to the European Parliament were held from June 10, 2004 to June 13, 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... Party groups in the European Parliament combine the MEPs from European political parties, informal European political blocs, and independents. ... The Standing Committees of the European Parliament are designed to aid the European Commission in initiating legislation. ... The European Court of Justice (ECJ) is formally known as the Court of Justice of the European Communities, i. ... The Court of First Instance, created in 1989, is a court of the European Union. ... European Union Civil Service Tribunal, since December 2, 2005 a new specialised tribunal within the European Union institutional framework. ... The European Unions Economic and Social Committee is the consultative assembly of European social and economic partners. This phrase refers mainly to representatives of business, employers and trade unions. ... The Committee of the Regions (CoR) is an institution of the European Union created by the Treaty of Maastricht. ... The ECB building in Frankfurt The European Central Bank (ECB) (French: Banque Centrale Européenne, German: Europäische Zentralbank, Greek: Ευρωπαϊκή Κεντρική Τράπεζα) is one of the worlds largest central banks, being in charge of monetary policy for the European Unions official currency, the euro, which is used by over 300... The European Investment Bank (the Banque Européenne dInvestissement) is the European Unions financing institution and was established under the Treaty of Rome (1957) to provide loan finance for capital investment furthering European Union policy objectives, in particular regional development, Trans-European Networks of transport, telecommunications and energy... The European Investment Fund, established in 1994, is a European Union agency for the provision of finance to SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). ... The agencies of the European Union (or decentralised bodies of the European Union) are bodies which are distinct from the European Unions institutions, in that they have not been created by the treaties but rather by acts of secondary legislation, in order to accomplish a very specific task. ... The European Union is unique among international organisations in having a complex and highly developed system of internal law which has direct effect within the legal systems of its member states. ... The French term acquis (or sometimes acquis communautaire) is used in European Union law to refer to the total body of EU law accumulated so far. ... The European Union legislative procedure describes the way the European Union creates and enacts legislation across the community. ... The treaties of the European Union are effectively its constitutional law, making up the EUs primary legislation. ... A European Union Directive is the (mutually binding) collective decision made by the member states, acting through their national Government Ministers in the Council of the European Union and the Parliament. ... A European Union decision (defined in Article 249/EC) is one of the three binding instruments provide by secondary EU legislation. ... In European Union Law a recommendation Differs from regulations, directives and decisions, in that they are not binding for Member States. ... // Origins of the EU History of the European Union European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Euratom Single market. ... In economics, a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency among them. ... The European Union (EU) was originally created by the six founding states in 1952, but has grown to its current size of 25 member states. ... Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Austria Foreign relations of Belgium Foreign relations of Cyprus Foreign relations of the Czech Republic Foreign relations of Denmark Foreign relations of Estonia Foreign relations of Finland Foreign relations of France Foreign relations of Germany Foreign relations of Greece Foreign relations... A European political party, formally a political party at European level, sometimes informally (especially in academic circles) a Europarty, is a type of political party organization operating transnationally in Europe. ... The majority of major political parties in Europe have aligned themselves into the pan-European political organisations listed below. ... The member-states of the European Union by the European party affiliations of their leaders, as of April, 2006. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Year	State	Members of the European Court of Justice	President	Judge	Adv. General
1952–1958		Massimo Pilotti	1952–1958
1952–1958		Petrus Serrarens		1952–1958
1952–1963		Otto Riese		1952–1963
1952–1967		Louis Delvaux		1952–1967
1952–1962		Jacques Rueff		1952–1962
1952–1967		Charles Léon Hammes	1964–1967	1958–1964
1952–1958		Adrianus van Kleffens		1952–1958
1952–1964		Maurice Lagrange			1952–1964
1953–1973		Karl Roemer			1953–1973
1958–1964		Rino Rossi		1958–1964
1958–1979		Andreas Matthias Donner	1958–1964	1964–1979
1958–1961		Nicola Catalano		1958–1961
1962–1976		Alberto Trabucchi			1973–1976
1962–1976		Robert Lecourt	1967–1976	1962–1967
1963–1970		Walter Strauss		1963–1970
1964–1976		Riccardo Monaco		1964–1976
1964–1970		Joseph Gand			1964–1970
1967–1984		Josse Mertens de Wilmars	1980–1984	1967–1980
1967–1985		Pierre Pescatore		1967–1985
1970–1980		Hans Kutscher	1976–1980	1970–1976
1970–1972		Alain Louis Duthelillet de Lamothe			1970–1972
1972–1981		Henri Mayras			1972–1981
1973–1974		Cearbhall O'Dalaigh		1973–1974
1973–1979		Max Søorensen		1973–1979
1973–1988		John Mackenzie-Stuart	1984–1988	1973–1984
1973–1981		Jean-Pierre Warner			1973–1981
1973–1981		Gerhard Reitschl			1973–1981
1975–1985		Aindrias O'Keeffe		1975–1985
1976–1982		Francesco Capotorti		1976–1976	1976–1982
1976–1988		Giacinto Bosco		1976–1988
1976–1982		Adolphe Touffait		1976–1982
1979–1990		Thymen Koopmans		1979–1990
1979–1994		Ole Due	1988–1994	1979–1988
1980–1988		Ulrich Everling		1980–1988
1981–1982		Alexandros Chloros		1981–1982
1981–1992		Gordon Slynn		1988–1992	1981–1988
1981–1984		Simone Rozès			1981–1984
1981–1986		Pieter Verloren van Themaat			1981–1986
1981–1982 1988–1994		Fernand Grévisse		1981–1982 1988–1994
1982–1988		Kai Bahlmann		1982–1988
1982–1999		G. Federico Mancini		1988–1999	1982–1988
1982–1988		Yves Galmot			1982–1988
1983–1997		Constantinos Kakouris			1983–1997
1984–1997		Carl Otto Lenz		1984–1997
1984–1994		Marco Darmon		1984–1994
1984–1995		René Joliet			1984–1995
1985–1991		Thomas Francis O'Higgins			1985–1991
1985–1996		Fernand Schockweiler			1985–1996
1986–1991 1997–2003		Jean Mischo			1986–1991 1997–2003
1986–2000		José Carlos de Carvaho Moitinho de Almeida		1986–2000
1986–1988		José Luis Da Cruz Vilaça			1986–1988
1986–2003		Gil Carlos Rodriguez Iglesias	1994–2003	1986–1994
1988–1994		Manuel Diez de Velasco		1988–1994
1988–1994		Manfred Zuleeg		1988–1994
1988–1994		Walter van Geven			1988–1994
1988–2006		Frances G. Jacobs			1988–2006
1988–1998		Giuseppe Tesauro			1988–1998
1990–2000		Paul Joan George Kapteyn		1990–2000
1991–2006		Claus Christian Gulmann		1994–2006	1991–1994
1991–1999		John L. Murray		1991–1999
1992–2004		David Alexander Ogilvy Edward		1992–2004
1994–2006		Antonio Mario La Pergola		1995–1999	1994–1994 1999–2006
1994–2000		Georges Cosmas			1994–2000
1994–2000		Günter Hirsch		1994–2000
1994–1997		Michael Bendik Elmer			1994–1997
1995–2000		Hans Ragnemalm		1995–2000
1995–2002		Leif Sevón		1995–2002
1995–2000		Nial Fennelly			1995–2000
1995–2003		Melchior Wathelet		1995–2003
1997–1999		Krateros Ioannou		1997–1999
1997–2003		Siegbert Alber			1997–2003
1998–2000		Antonio Saggio			1998–2000
1988–2003		Fidelma O’Kelly Macken		1988–2003
1994–present		Jean-Pierre Puissochet		1994–present
1994–present		Philippe Léger			1994–present
1995–present		Peter Jann		1995–present
1995–2003		Dámaso Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer			1995–present
1996–present		Romain Schintgen		1996–present
1999–present		Vassilios Skouris	2003–present	1999–2003
2000–present		Ninon Colneric		2000–present
2000–present		Stig von Bahr		2000–present
2000–present		Antonio Tizzano		2006–present	2000–2006
2000–present		José Narciso da Cunha Rodrigues		2000–present
2000–present		Christiaan Willem Anton Timmermans		2000–present
2000–present		Leendert A. Geelhoed			2000–present
2000–present		Christine Stix-Hackl			2000–present
2002–present		Allan Rosas		2002–present
2003–present		Rosario Silva de Lapuerta		2003–present
2003–present		Vassilios Skouris		2003–present
2003–present		Koen Lenaerts		2003–present
2003–present		Juliane Kokott			2003–present
2003–present		Luís Miguel Poiares Pessoa Maduro			2003–present
2004–present		Konrad Hermann Theodor Schiemann		2004–present
2004–present		Jerzy Makarczyk		2004–present
2004–present		Pranas Kūris		2004–present
2004–present		Endre Juhász		2004–present
2004–present		George Arestis		2004–present
2004–present		Anthony Borg Barthet		2004–present
2004–present		Marko Ilešič		2004–present
2004–present		Jirí Malenovský		2004–present
2004–present		Ján Klučka		2004–present
2004–present		Uno Lõhmus		2004–present
2004–present		Egils Levits		2004–present
2004–present		Aindrias Ó Caoimh		2004–present
2006–present		Lars Bay Larsen		2006–present
2006–present		Eleanor Sharpston			2006–present
2006–present		Paolo Mengozzi			2006–present